现在完成时.docx
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现在完成时
现在完成时(ThePresentPerfectTense)
1.动作发生于一个非确定的过去的时间(过去的时间并不重要或根本不知道),但它的结果仍对现在有影响.
Ihavereadtheletter,andIknowwhatitisabout.
2.动作发生在过去,目前仍在继续或刚刚结束,常和"for"加上"一段时间",或"since"加上"一个确切的过去的时间"连用.
a)"for"用于过去的一段时间.(动词必须是可以延续的)
Hehasbeenthereforsixmonths. 她去那儿有6个月了。
(直到现在)
Hewentthere6monthsago.
Hehasneverbeenthere.他从来都没去过那里。
(直到现在)
b)"since"用于过去的一个确切的时间,意思是"从那时一直到现在",总是和完成
时一齐用,而且不能省略.(主句动词必须是可以延续的)
Timhasbeen inNantong sinceJanuary.自从1月份以来他一直都在南通。
(现在仍在南通)
注意:
"since"后面的确切的过去的时间也可以是一个含有过去时的从句.
Hehasbeeninterestedincollectingcoins sincehewasachild.
他打小时侯起就对收集硬币感兴趣。
(现在还是如此)
c)现在完成时常和短语"uptonow/tillnow","sofar"(意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)
Upto/tillnowhe‘sreadmanystorybooks.至今他已读过好多故事书。
I‘vebeentoNewYorkthreetimessofar. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。
3.刚刚完成的动作.
I‘vejustgotaletterfrommybrother.
4."already"用于现在完成时的肯定句中,"yet"用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中
Hehas(already)visitedmany placesinChina.(already)
Hehascomebacknow. HaveyoueverbeentoAustralia?
注意"already"在句中的两种位置.
Thetrainhasn‘tarrivedyet.火车(到现在)还没有到。
Hasshearrivedyet?
她已经到了吗?
Hasn‘thecome yet?
她还没来吗?
Ihaven‘tbeenverysuccessfulsofar.我一直都没有成功。
注意:
"havebeen"(去过)和"havegone"(去了)的区别:
HehasgonetoBeijing.(Heisthereorisonhiswaythere.)
HehasbeentoShanghai.(Hewasthereonce,butheisnottherenow.)
5.当现在完成时句中无时间状语,它只是指一个简单的已经完成的动作
I‘vecleanedthesitting-room. 我已把起居室打扫过了。
(已完成了工作)
6.现在完成时可以用来表示一个反复发生的动作.
Hehasrungmeupfivetimestoday.(五次分隔的行为)
8.一般过去时(常带有确切的表示过去的时间状语)和现在完成时的比较:
Whendidyoustayatthishotel?
Istayedherefiveyearsago.
Haveyoueverstayedatthishotel?
Yes,I‘vestayedheretwice.(无确切的过去的时间状语)
Yes,Istayedherefortwomonths.(过去的一段时间,我已不在那儿.)
Yes,Istayedherefiveyearsago.(有确切的过去的时间状语)
Howlonghaveyoubeenstayingatthishotel?
仍在这儿)
9.通常和现在完成时一起用的副词:
Ihave just gotaletterfrommybrother.
Hehas already boughtanAmericancarandhasgonetotheU.S.A.
Hehasbeenthereforsixmonths sofar.
Motherhas never beenabroadbefore.
常和完成时连用的副词和实践短语:
already, yet, just, ever, never, before
today, now, thismorning, thisweek, thesedays, inthepasttwoyears
forthreehours, fortwoweeks, foryears, foralongtime
sincethreeo‘clock, sincelastTuesday, since1980, sincethen
sincehecamehere, sincewebegantolearnEnglish
II.PutthefollowingintoChineseandtelloutthedifferencebetweenthem:
1.Ihaveseenthefilm. Isawitlastnight.
2.Theplanehasnotarrivedyet. Itwillarrivesoon.
3.Wherehaveyoubeen?
Ihavebeentothelibrary.
Whatdidyoudothere?
Ireturnedsomebooks.
4.WhereisXiaoLi?
Hehasgonetotheplayground.
5.Whatareyoudoingnow?
Iamreadingabookonradio.
Howmanypageshaveyouread?
Aboutthirty.
6.HowlonghaveyoubeenaPartymember?
IhavebeenaPartymemberforfiveyears. IjoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.
7.ShehaslearnedEnglishsince1981.(fortenyears)
8.Ihaven‘tseenhimsincehewenttothenorth.
III.Completethesentences,using"for"and"since":
1.we,study,English,(fiveyears,1982)
2.nobody,write,tous,(NationalDay,almostamonth)
3.it,notrain,(alongtime,October)
4.i,notplay,football,(lastSunday,aweek)
5.he,work,inthisfactory,(morethantenyears,1976)
IV.Askquestionsabouttheunderlinedparts:
1.MissBrownhaslivedinChina fortenyears.
2.Theyhavefoundatortoise ontheriverbank.
3.Wehavevisitedthefactory twice.
4. Afamousscientist hasjustcometoourschool.
5.Ihavebought aChinese-EnglishDictionary.
6.Hehasmade ten modelplanessincemorning.
V.Completethefollowing,andthengiveshortanswers:
1.Haveyou_______________________________?
betothebookshop doyourhomework
returnthebooktohim writetoher
2.Hasshe_________________________________?
gotoseethedoctor borrowthemagazines
cleantheclassroom readthestory
3.Howmany___________________haveyou__________________?
learnEnglishsongs domathsexercises
builtnewhouses takephotos
4.Howlonghashisbrother_____________________?
studyRussian stayinBeijing
beaLeaguemember teacherofthisschool
(Notethechangesintheverbs)
join------beamemberof buy------have
------bein fallill-------beill
die ------bedead catchacold------haveacold
borrow----keep come------behere
comeback------beback cometoChina-----beinChina
cometoworkhere---workhere begin------beon
begintostudyhere-----study leave------beaway(from)
leavehere------beawayfromhere gotobed------beasleep
startteaching------teach becomeaworker----beaworker
gettoknoweachother---knoweachother
takeaninterestin----- beinterestedin
turn…on/off-----keep…on/off
open/close…----keep…open/closed
VI.Correctthemistakesinthefollowing:
1.Hehasboughtthepenfortwoyears.
2.Ihaveborrowedthebookfortwoyears.
3.Thefilmhasbegunforhalfanhour.
4.Theyhavecomehereforamonth.
5.WehavebeguntolearnEnglishforayear.
6.Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmyfortwoyears.
7.Wehavebuiltalotofnewhousesfortwoyears.
8.Whenhaveyougotthere?
Lastyear.
9.Hehasfoundthebikejustnow.
10.I‘mgladyou‘vecomeback.Howlonghaveyoustayedthere?
VII.Putintheverbsintheirproperforms:
1.-What________Tom_________(do)now?
-He____________(work)onamathsproblem.
-_______he_________(work)itout?
-No,notyet. I___________(think)he____________(work)itoutsoon.
2.MrSmith___________(visit)Chinatwicesince1980.
3.-What______he___________(do)whenyou_________(go)toseehimyesterdaymorning?
-He____________(write)aletterothismother.
4.There___________(be)afootballmatchtomorrow.______you_________(go)withus?
5.Idon‘tknowhowlonghe___________(be)aLeaguemember.
6.-Wheredoesyourfather_________(work)?
-He_____________(work)inthatfactory.
-Howlong__________he__________(work)there?
-Forovertwentyyears.
7.-_______you_______(write)toyourfatherrecently?
-Yes,I_________.
8.-_______thetrain__________(arrive)yet?
-No,notyet.
-When___________it_________(arrive)then?
-Intenminutes.
9.-What________you_________(do)now?
-I_______________(read)abook.
-Howmanypages________you_________(read)?
-Aboutthirty.
10.They_____________(have)fiveEnglisheveningslastterm.
11.They_____________(have)fiveEnglisheveningssincelastterm.
12.Ifit_________(notrain)tomorrow,we_________(play)football.
VIII.GivetheEnglishforthese:
1. 你去过长城吗?
去过. 我是 1980 年去那儿的.
2. 他自从去了美国以来还没有给我写过信.
3. 怀特一家在这里住了已有十年了.
4. 在最近的十年里工人们在上海造了许多新房子.
5. 史密斯先生来中国有两星期了.
6. 小李在那儿?
他去了图书馆
7. 你爸爸当教师有多久了?
8. 这本书你读了几遍?