现在完成时.docx

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现在完成时.docx

现在完成时

现在完成时(ThePresentPerfectTense)

 

1.动作发生于一个非确定的过去的时间(过去的时间并不重要或根本不知道),但它的结果仍对现在有影响.

  Ihavereadtheletter,andIknowwhatitisabout.

 2.动作发生在过去,目前仍在继续或刚刚结束,常和"for"加上"一段时间",或"since"加上"一个确切的过去的时间"连用.

  a)"for"用于过去的一段时间.(动词必须是可以延续的)

     Hehasbeenthereforsixmonths. 她去那儿有6个月了。

(直到现在)

Hewentthere6monthsago.

     Hehasneverbeenthere.他从来都没去过那里。

(直到现在)

  b)"since"用于过去的一个确切的时间,意思是"从那时一直到现在",总是和完成

     时一齐用,而且不能省略.(主句动词必须是可以延续的)

     Timhasbeen inNantong sinceJanuary.自从1月份以来他一直都在南通。

(现在仍在南通)

     注意:

"since"后面的确切的过去的时间也可以是一个含有过去时的从句.

Hehasbeeninterestedincollectingcoins sincehewasachild.

他打小时侯起就对收集硬币感兴趣。

(现在还是如此)

  c)现在完成时常和短语"uptonow/tillnow","sofar"(意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)

     Upto/tillnowhe‘sreadmanystorybooks.至今他已读过好多故事书。

     I‘vebeentoNewYorkthreetimessofar. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。

3.刚刚完成的动作.

  I‘vejustgotaletterfrommybrother.

4."already"用于现在完成时的肯定句中,"yet"用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中

Hehas(already)visitedmany placesinChina.(already)

Hehascomebacknow.   HaveyoueverbeentoAustralia?

  注意"already"在句中的两种位置.

  Thetrainhasn‘tarrivedyet.火车(到现在)还没有到。

 Hasshearrivedyet?

 她已经到了吗?

Hasn‘thecome yet?

她还没来吗?

  Ihaven‘tbeenverysuccessfulsofar.我一直都没有成功。

 

  注意:

"havebeen"(去过)和"havegone"(去了)的区别:

        HehasgonetoBeijing.(Heisthereorisonhiswaythere.)

        HehasbeentoShanghai.(Hewasthereonce,butheisnottherenow.)

5.当现在完成时句中无时间状语,它只是指一个简单的已经完成的动作

 I‘vecleanedthesitting-room. 我已把起居室打扫过了。

(已完成了工作)

6.现在完成时可以用来表示一个反复发生的动作.

  Hehasrungmeupfivetimestoday.(五次分隔的行为)

 8.一般过去时(常带有确切的表示过去的时间状语)和现在完成时的比较:

   Whendidyoustayatthishotel?

   Istayedherefiveyearsago.

   Haveyoueverstayedatthishotel?

   Yes,I‘vestayedheretwice.(无确切的过去的时间状语)

   Yes,Istayedherefortwomonths.(过去的一段时间,我已不在那儿.)

   Yes,Istayedherefiveyearsago.(有确切的过去的时间状语)

   Howlonghaveyoubeenstayingatthishotel?

仍在这儿)

9.通常和现在完成时一起用的副词:

 Ihave just gotaletterfrommybrother.

 Hehas already boughtanAmericancarandhasgonetotheU.S.A.

 Hehasbeenthereforsixmonths sofar.

 Motherhas never beenabroadbefore.

 常和完成时连用的副词和实践短语:

   already, yet, just, ever, never, before

   today, now, thismorning, thisweek, thesedays, inthepasttwoyears 

   forthreehours, fortwoweeks, foryears, foralongtime

   sincethreeo‘clock, sincelastTuesday, since1980, sincethen

   sincehecamehere, sincewebegantolearnEnglish

 

II.PutthefollowingintoChineseandtelloutthedifferencebetweenthem:

   1.Ihaveseenthefilm. Isawitlastnight.

   2.Theplanehasnotarrivedyet. Itwillarrivesoon.

   3.Wherehaveyoubeen?

 Ihavebeentothelibrary.

      Whatdidyoudothere?

 Ireturnedsomebooks.

   4.WhereisXiaoLi?

 Hehasgonetotheplayground.

   5.Whatareyoudoingnow?

 Iamreadingabookonradio.

      Howmanypageshaveyouread?

Aboutthirty.

   6.HowlonghaveyoubeenaPartymember?

      IhavebeenaPartymemberforfiveyears. IjoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.

   7.ShehaslearnedEnglishsince1981.(fortenyears)

   8.Ihaven‘tseenhimsincehewenttothenorth.

 

III.Completethesentences,using"for"and"since":

 1.we,study,English,(fiveyears,1982)

 2.nobody,write,tous,(NationalDay,almostamonth)

 3.it,notrain,(alongtime,October)

 4.i,notplay,football,(lastSunday,aweek)

 5.he,work,inthisfactory,(morethantenyears,1976)

 

IV.Askquestionsabouttheunderlinedparts:

 1.MissBrownhaslivedinChina fortenyears.

 2.Theyhavefoundatortoise ontheriverbank.

 3.Wehavevisitedthefactory twice.

 4. Afamousscientist hasjustcometoourschool.

 5.Ihavebought aChinese-EnglishDictionary.

 6.Hehasmade ten modelplanessincemorning.

 

V.Completethefollowing,andthengiveshortanswers:

 1.Haveyou_______________________________?

    betothebookshop        doyourhomework

    returnthebooktohim    writetoher

 2.Hasshe_________________________________?

    gotoseethedoctor      borrowthemagazines

    cleantheclassroom       readthestory

 3.Howmany___________________haveyou__________________?

    learnEnglishsongs       domathsexercises

    builtnewhouses          takephotos

 4.Howlonghashisbrother_____________________?

    studyRussian             stayinBeijing

    beaLeaguemember        teacherofthisschool

 

(Notethechangesintheverbs)

    join------beamemberof            buy------have

         ------bein                     fallill-------beill

    die ------bedead                   catchacold------haveacold

    borrow----keep                      come------behere

    comeback------beback              cometoChina-----beinChina 

    cometoworkhere---workhere       begin------beon

    begintostudyhere-----study       leave------beaway(from)

    leavehere------beawayfromhere   gotobed------beasleep

    startteaching------teach           becomeaworker----beaworker

    gettoknoweachother---knoweachother

takeaninterestin----- beinterestedin

turn…on/off-----keep…on/off

open/close…----keep…open/closed

 

VI.Correctthemistakesinthefollowing:

 1.Hehasboughtthepenfortwoyears.

 2.Ihaveborrowedthebookfortwoyears.

 3.Thefilmhasbegunforhalfanhour.

 4.Theyhavecomehereforamonth.

 5.WehavebeguntolearnEnglishforayear.

 6.Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmyfortwoyears.

 7.Wehavebuiltalotofnewhousesfortwoyears.

 8.Whenhaveyougotthere?

Lastyear.

 9.Hehasfoundthebikejustnow.

 10.I‘mgladyou‘vecomeback.Howlonghaveyoustayedthere?

 

VII.Putintheverbsintheirproperforms:

 1.-What________Tom_________(do)now?

   -He____________(work)onamathsproblem.

   -_______he_________(work)itout?

   -No,notyet. I___________(think)he____________(work)itoutsoon.

 2.MrSmith___________(visit)Chinatwicesince1980.

 3.-What______he___________(do)whenyou_________(go)toseehimyesterdaymorning?

   -He____________(write)aletterothismother.

 4.There___________(be)afootballmatchtomorrow.______you_________(go)withus?

 5.Idon‘tknowhowlonghe___________(be)aLeaguemember.

 6.-Wheredoesyourfather_________(work)?

   -He_____________(work)inthatfactory.

   -Howlong__________he__________(work)there?

   -Forovertwentyyears.

 7.-_______you_______(write)toyourfatherrecently?

   -Yes,I_________.

 8.-_______thetrain__________(arrive)yet?

   -No,notyet.

   -When___________it_________(arrive)then?

   -Intenminutes.

 9.-What________you_________(do)now?

   -I_______________(read)abook.

   -Howmanypages________you_________(read)?

   -Aboutthirty.

 10.They_____________(have)fiveEnglisheveningslastterm.

 11.They_____________(have)fiveEnglisheveningssincelastterm.

 12.Ifit_________(notrain)tomorrow,we_________(play)football.

 

VIII.GivetheEnglishforthese:

   1. 你去过长城吗?

 去过. 我是 1980 年去那儿的.

   2. 他自从去了美国以来还没有给我写过信.

   3. 怀特一家在这里住了已有十年了.

   4. 在最近的十年里工人们在上海造了许多新房子.

   5. 史密斯先生来中国有两星期了.

   6. 小李在那儿?

 他去了图书馆

   7. 你爸爸当教师有多久了?

   8. 这本书你读了几遍?

 

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