工程施工中质量事故的成因分析及预防对策毕业论文外文翻译.docx

工程施工中质量事故的成因分析及预防对策毕业论文外文翻译.docx

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工程施工中质量事故的成因分析及预防对策毕业论文外文翻译

文献翻译

ConstructionAccidentAnalysisandPreventionCountermeasures

Abstract:

PlentyofAccidentInvestigationresultsshowed.Causedbyhumanerrorproblemisthequalityofbuildingsdamagedoneofthemainreasons,inaddition,Italsoincreasedtoalargeextentinotherdisasterscausedbytheinjury.

Thearticleisnotforconstructionanddesignerrorscausedbytwoaspectsofthequalityofanalysis,andinatargetedmannertopreventtheoccurrenceoftheseaccidentscountermeasures.

Keywords:

Concrete;Construction;Qualityaccidents

Athomeandabroadlotofaccidentsresultsofthesurveyshowedthathumanerrorcausedbythequalityofbuildingsanddestroyedoneofthemainreasons.Humanerrorfromthedecisionbythelimitationsofthinking,itisdifficulttoavoid,itmayoccurinthestructureofthedesign,construction,useallpartsoftheirbuildingsontheimpacthasvaried,themoreserioushumanerrorinconstructionmakenormaluseconditions,evenintheconstructionprocessofdestruction,Andmorehumanerrorsmadestructuralsafetyreliabilityreduced,intheearthquake,Strongwindsandsomeotheraccidentalincidentinspiredrole,buildingsdestroyed.Inthispaper,thedesignandconstructionofbadmistakescausedbytwoaspectsofthequalityoftheanalysis,andtargetedproposedtopreventtheseaccidentsfromoccurring,todesign,constructionandsupervisionunitshavesomereferencevalue.

ConstructioncausedbythebadqualityoftheconstructionaccidentinvestigationunitfoundthatConcreteConstructionoftheconstructionprocessisthemostpronetohumanerrorinalink.Duetothestrengthofconcretenon-intuitive,andtheimpactonitsdifficulttofind,thusthestrengthoftheconcretestructurehasbecomelessthanalargerthreat.

Concreteconstructionprocess,whichoccurredfrequentlycausedbyhumanerroraccidentsare:

1Waterlaxcontrol.Manycases,constructionworkerstomixing,pouringconvenience,artificiallyincreasedconsumption,increasedwater-cementratio,strengthandlowerdensity.

2Cementqualityassurance.Cementstorageconditionsingeneral,thelowertheintensityatanytimeasked.Requiredstorageformorethan3months,thecementmustbere-examinedinaccordancewiththeactualuseoflabeling.Manyoftheconstructionunitisoftenoverlookedinthiswork;Plusmaterialsisirrational.storinglargeamountsofcementexpireduponthefactorylabeluse,theactualstrengthoftheconcretelower.

3Artificiallylowerthegradeofconcrete.Duetothecurrentconstructionmarketmanagementreasons,someconstructionunits,theone-sidedpursuitofeconomicefficiency,ConcreteDesignartificiallylowerthegrade.

4Notmeetstrictcontrolover.Constructionmeasurementmeansbecausetheoriginalmaterialsweighingveryaccurate,theaggregatemoisturelackofunderstanding,actualincreaseinwater-cementratio.

5Tampingnottrue.Causedhoneycomb,face,exposedbar,openingsandotherdefects.Inaddition,theconcrete-pouringaftermeticulousconservation,tomaintainthenecessarytemperature,especiallyinwintershouldpayevenmoreattentionto.

6Templateproblems.Goodqualitytemplatestrongdemand,tight,flatandsmooth.Commonproblemswiththetemplatestrength,stiffnessenough,notwood-planningpeace,steelmolduncorrected,theWeldslaxandotherailments.Causedaboutdistortedconcretecomponents,Pock,cellular,openingsandotherailments.Inaddition,theconcretehasnotreachedtheintensitynormstooearlyknockout,orfailtocomplywithregulationstoknockouttheorder.Coagulationdisabilitiescausedthecrackingordamage.Duetotheconstructionprocessreinforcedthepositionofvisualandhumanerroroccurredlesslikely,butnottotallyavoided.Duetobendsteelcomponentreliabilityofthelocationofhumanerrortobemoresensitivethispaperalsoreinforcedtheconstructionprocessofhumanerrorswereanalyzed.Engineeringsurveysindicatedthatthereinforcedconstructionpronetohumanerrorsare:

theassemblingofsteelframesisnotsolid,Reinforcedfixedlocationarenotreliable,resultingintheprocessofpouringconcretereinforcedbythepositionchange;Duetothecurrentdesignunits（especiallysmallandmedium-designunits）fromthecoarsemap,inadditiontopoorqualityofconstruction,Feedingstirrupcausedcalculationerrors,andprocessingthestirrupssometimessizeistoosmall,highlyeffectivecomponentdecreased;Constructionpersonneltotheforcesonthefeatureisnotclear,willbereinforcedplaceddislocations.

Meanwhile,theBuildinginternalmanagementproblemscausedbytheaccidentsshouldnotbeoverlooked.Investigationshaveshownthatthefollowingmainaspects:

oneisthelargenumberofworkssurveyfoundthatConstructionoperatorshaveamorewidespreadmentalitythatisthemisunderstandingthathavedesignedasafer,Sosmallerrorshavelittleeffectontheproject.Whatismoreseriousisthatsuchaconceptdrivenbysomeevendeliberatelysteelandcementtoreducethedosage,Insuchamistakeundernormalconditionsofusemaynothaveanaccident,earthquake,strongwinds,fireincidentinspiredsomefortuitousrole,thebuildingwillbedamaged,causingmajorlosses.2isnotinaccordancewiththedrawings,andevenwithoutthedrawingsaffectingqualityofconstructioninsomeofthesesmallandmediumconstructionenterprisescommon.

Threeconstructionmarketsisnotstandardizedphenomenonaffectingthequalityoftheproject.Althoughsomeoftheworkscarriedoutbythetender,butsomeofthesuccessfulbidderisaprivatelinkqualificationcertificatesfromtheenterprise.Inaddition,thedirectmanagementoftheconstructionsitetechnicalstaff,thelowlevelofpoorqualityandsomeareevennotqualifiedcertification.4infrastructuresisnotinaccordancewiththeproceduresaffectingthequalityoftheproject.Withouttheapprovalofrelevantdepartments,theunauthorizedwork.

Constructiondesignnotfirst,notfirstsurveydesign,builtonlyexistbutneglectquality.Designblamefortheaccidentqualityofreinforcedconcretestructuresinthedesignofqualityaccidentscausedmainlyinthefollowingaspects:

1Designandcalculationerrors.ThereDesignandMappingerrors,failedtocheckoutproofreading;Loadlesscountingorunder-counting.copiedasetofready-madeplansortheuseofstandardmapafternotreviewinlightoftheactualsituation;theproblemsencounteredbythemorecomplicated,peopledonothaveadeepstudymadeinappropriatesimplification;blindlybelievethattheICC.Duetotheimportationofincorrectorstructuralcalculationmodelandproceduresdonotconformtotheassumptionthattheoutputasaresultoftheoutcomeisnotnecessarilycorrect.Butstillblindlyuseofthiscalculationresults;designreliabilityinadequateintakeorlow,thesephenomenawillleadtoaccidents.

2Wrongwiththeprogramcausedbytheaccident.Ifthestructureistoolongbutaccountsexcessiveregulatoryrequirementssetjoints;structuralfoundationbearingcapacityunderthebigdifferencetwoormorelayers,withoutpropertreatment;Asymmetricphysicalstructure,Unevenweightdistribution;Transmissionsystemstructureisnotclear;bythedynamicloadofthestructureofthenaturalfrequencyandvibrationfrequenciessimilarnottakeappropriatemeasures;overallstabilityofthestructureenough,andsoon.Moreproofoftheprogramdidnotfullyconsiderorevenneglected.

3Lackofemergencysecondarydefensecapability.China'srelevantregulationsaboutwhenasuddenaccidentalincidentstoallowthepartialdestructionofthestructure.Butshouldmaintainforaperiodoftimenotforthecollapseoccurred,tomaintaintheoverallstabilityofthestructure.Thisdesignisoftenoverlookedbythestaff.

4Structuraldetailsforimproperhandling.Somedesignersheavy,lightstructure,thatstructureisnotimportanttodealwith,nowell-designed,Ifnotlocatedunderthegirderbeampad;Anchoragelengthreinforcedenoughstructuralbarinadequate,unreasonable,etc.nodes.Reinforced-concretestructureandqualityproblemsexistonpeople'slivesandpropertyconstitutesaseriousthreatHowtocontrolandreduceincidentsofqualityengineershasbecomeasubjectofstudyandhasarangeofpossiblemeasures,suchasstrengtheningtheworkoftheinspection,attentiontoqualityeducationincidentsknowledge,improvetheworkingenvironment.Currentlyintheconstructionprocessofimplementingstructuralengineeringhasbeenwidelyusedandismoreeffectivequalitycontrolcheckisaccidents,Ifcalculatedonthedesigndrawingsanddesignverification,qualitycheckingandsoon.

Basedontheactualsituationofthequalityofthefollowingtopreventtheaccidentresponse.

1Strengtheningofthemanagementanddesignunits,theunitisdesignedinstrictqualificationsystemofannualexaminations,Constructionwillmapasacheckontheannualevaluationofanimportantcomponent.

2Increaseoftheconstructionmarketactorsmanagement,inparticulartostrengthenthedesign,constructionandsupervisionofthemanagementofbidding,wellandthemarketpotentialactorswhoareconcerned.

3Increasequalityoftheconstructionunitonlendinglinkedthecrackdowntoensurethattheconstructionoftechnicalinput,noappointmentlicensetopractice.

4Standardizesupervisionunit’sactsprohibitedbytheCommissionermadearbitrarysellbusiness,technicalsupervisiontoensurethenormalinput.

5Increaseprojectsintheinvestigationabouthowinfrastructureprocedures,undocumented（planning,constructionpermits）,Noplan（withoutsuchconstruction）oftheconstructionproject,oncefound