高考阅读讲义2.docx

高考阅读讲义2.docx

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高考阅读讲义2

高考英语阅读突破

主讲：

沈建

一、高考阅读综述

（一）经典正面案例

做一篇阅读差不多90秒，基本全对？

阅读能力的形成经历。

（二）考试技巧存在的必然性：

先例的限制

今年的出题人必须参考往年的题目，其难度和设置的方式皆有一定规律。

Part1：

（一）实力与技巧的关系：

水与鱼

（二）阅读能力提升的两个途径：

1）准确率——专真题，弃模拟

2）速度——专课本，弃材料

（三）实力与技巧的关系：

水与鱼

实力是水，考生是鱼，技巧是鱼儿的弹跳能力，分数线就是水池上面线的高度。

（四）阅读能力提升的两个途径

1）准确率——专真题，弃模拟

2）速度——专课本，弃材料

二、高考阅读核心理念讲解

（一）经典反面案例

在对高考阅读的认识不正确且实力不强的情况下，可能处于的多么可怕的状态。

（二）几组关于高考阅读的问答

老师问：

做阅读是为了读懂文章还是做对题？

同学答：

自然是做对题，但是，不懂文章如何做对题目？

老师问：

只读懂一部分文章就不能做对所有题目吗？

同学答：

不全懂，怎么知道何处有用？

（三）对高考阅读的正确认识：

快速准确提取信息

Part2：

（一）对高考阅读的正确认识：

快速准确提取信息

（四）技巧性阅读实现的两个前提

Part3：

（一）技巧性阅读实现的两个前提：

1）阅读的目的性

2）局部信息的有效性

例子：

2005全国卷一阅读文章B

体会文章首部信息的有效性和阅读的目的性。

B

MONTREAL（Reuters）–CrossingtheUS-Canadaborder（边界）togotochurchonaSundaycostaUScitizen＄10,000forbreakingWashington’sstrictnewsecurity（安全）rules.

TheexpensivetriptochurchwasasurpriseforRichardAlbert,wholivesrightontheCanadianborder.Liketheotherhalf-dozenpeopleofTownship15,crossingtheborderisadailyoccurrenceforAlbert.ThenearbyQuebecvillageofSt.Pamphileiswheretheyshop,eatandgotochurch.

Therearemanysuchsituationsintheseareasalongthelargelyunguarded5,530-mileborderbetweenCanadaandtheUS-whichinsomecasesactuallyrunsdownthemiddleofstreetsorthroughbuildings.

Asaresult,AlbertsayshedidnotexpectanyproblemsthreeweeksagowhenhereturnedhometotheUSafterattendingchurchinCanada,asusual.TheUScustoms（海关）stationinthisareaisclosedonSundays,sobejustdrovearoundthelockedgate,ashehaddoneeveryweekendsincethegateappearedlastMay,followingatighteningofbordersecurity.Twodayslater.Albertwastoldtogotothecustomsoffice,whereanofficertoldhimbehadbeencaughtoncarneracrossingtheborderillegally（非法）.

Ottawahasgivenoutspecialpassestosome300UScitizensinthatareasotheycanenterthecountrywhenCanadiancustomsstationsareclosed,buttheUSstoppedasimilarprogramlastMay.Thatforcesthepeopletoa200-miledetouralonghillyroadstogethomethroughanotherbordercheckpoint.

Alberthasrequestedthatthecustomsofficechangetheirdecisionsonthefine,buthehasnotattendedaSundaychurchsince.“IfeellikeI’mlivinginaprison,”hesaid.

59．WelearnfromthetextthatRichardAlbertis.

A．anAmericanlivinginTownship15

B．aCanadianlivinginaQuebecvillage

C．aCanadianworkinginacustomsstation

D．anAmericanworkinginaCanadianchurch

60．Albertwasfinedbecausehe.

A．failedtoobeytrafficrulesB．broketheAmericansecurityrules

C．workedinSt.PamphilewithoutapassD．damagedthegateofthecustomsoffice

61．Theunderlinedword“detour”inparagraph5means.

A．adrivethroughthetownB．araceacrossthefields

C．aroundaboutwayoftravellingD．ajourneyinthemountainarea

62．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．ACross-countryTripB．ASpecialBorderPass

C．AnUnguardedBorderD．AnExpensiveChurchVisit

简单体验新闻报道类文章的特点及相应的解题技巧。

例子：

2001全国卷阅读文章E

E

BettyandHaroldhavebeenmarriedforyears.Butonethingstillpuzzles（困扰）oldHarold.HowisitthathecanleaveBettyandherfriendJoansittingonthesofa,talking,goouttoaballgame,comebackthreeandahalfhourslater,andthey'restillsittingonthesofa?

Talking?

Whatintheworld,Haroldwonders,dotheyhavetotalkabout?

Bettyshrugs.Talk?

We'refriends.

Researchingthismattercalledfriendship,psychologistLillianRubinspenttwoyearsinterviewingmorethantwohundredwomenandmen.Nomatterwhattheirage,theirjob,theirsex,theresultswerecompletelyclear:

womenhavemorefriendshipsthanmen,andthedifferenceinthecontentandthequalityofthosefriendshipsis"markedandunmistakable."

Morethantwo-thirdsofthesinglemenRubininterviewedcouldnotnameabestfriend.Thosewhocouldwerelikelytonameawoman.Yetthree-quartersofthesinglewomenhadnoproblemnamingabestfriend,andalmostalwaysitwasawoman.Moremarriedmenthanwomennamedtheirwife/husbandasabestfriend,mosttrustedperson,ortheonetheywouldturntointimeofemotionaldistress（感情危机）."Mostwomen,"saysRubin,"identified（认定）atleastone,usuallymore,trustedfriendstowhomtheycouldturninatroubledmoment,andtheyspokeopenlyabouttheimportanceoftheserelationshipsintheirlives."

"Ingeneral,"writesRubininhernewbook,"women'sfriendshipswitheachotherrestonsharedemotionsandsupport,butmen'srelationshipsaremarkedbysharedactivities."Forthemostpart,Rubinsays,interactions（交往）betweenmenareemotionallycontrolled-agoodfitwiththesocialrequirementsof"manlybehavior."

"Evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,"Rubinwrites,"thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings.Whereasawoman'sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage,itwasn'tunusualtohearamansayhedidn'tknowhisfriend'smarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa."

71.WhatoldHaroldcannotunderstandorexplainisthefactthat______

A.heistreatedasanoutsiderratherthanahusbandB.womenhavesomuchtoshare

C.womenshowlittleinterestinballgamesD.hefindshiswifedifficulttotalkto

72.Rubin'sstudyshowsthatforemotionalsupportamarriedwomanismorelikelytoturnto______

A.amalefriendB.afemalefriendC.herparentsD.herhusband

73.Accordingtothetext,whichtypeofbehaviorisNOTexpectedofamanbysociety?

A.Endinghismarriagewithoutgoodreason.

B.Spendingtoomuchtimewithhisfriends.

C.Complainingabouthismarriagetrouble.

D.Goingouttoballgamestoooften.

74.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythelastparagraph?

A.Menkeeptheirinnermostfeelingstothemselves.

B.Womenaremoreseriousthanmenaboutmarriage.

C.Menoftentakesuddenactiontoendtheirmarriage.

D.Womendependonothersinmakingdecisions.

75.TheresearchdonebypsychologistRubincentersaround_____

A.happyandsuccessfulmarriagesB.friendshipsofmenandwomen

C.emotionalproblemsinmarriage0.interactionsbetweenmenandwomen

三、高考阅读具体技巧操练

（一）一次体验

（二）两个原则

Part4：

（一）两个原则：

1）不重复考察原则

2）文题顺序一致原则

例子：

2002全国卷阅读文章D

Part5：

（一）特殊题型：

排序题

1）故事叙述类文章

2）首事件在文章中部

D

Treasurehunts（寻宝）haveexcitedpeople’simaginationforhundredsofyearsbothinreallifeandinbookssuchasRobertLouisStevenson’sTreasureIsland,KitWilliams,amodernwriter,hadtheideaofcombiningtherealexcitementofatreasurehuntwithclues（线索）foundinabookwhenhewroteachildren’sstory,Masquerade,in1979.Thebookwasaboutahare,andamonthbeforeitcameoutWilliamsburiedagoldhareinaparkinBedlordshire.Thebookcontainedalargenumberofcluestohelpreadersfindthehare,butWilliamsputinalotof“redherrings”,orfalseclues,tomisleadthem.

KenRoberts,themanwhofoundthehare,hadbeenlookingforitfornearlytwoyears.Althoughhehadbeensearchinginthewrongareamostofthetime,hefounditbylogic（选择）,notbyluck.Hissuccesscamefromthefactthathehadgainedanimportantclueatthestart.Hehadrealizedthatthewords:

“OneofSixtoEight”underthefirstpictureinthebookconnectedthehareinsomewaytoKatherineofAragon,thefirstofHenryVIII’ssixwives.Evenhere,however,Williamshadsucceededinmisleadinghim.KenknewthatKatherineofAragonhaddiedatKimboltoninCambridgeshirein1536andthoughtthatWilliamshadburiedtheharethere.Hehadbeendiggingthereforoverayearbeforeanewideaoccurredtohim.HefoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthischildhoodnearAmpthill,inBedfordshire,andthoughtthathemusthaveburiedthehareinaplaceheknewwell,buthestillcouldnotseetheconnectionwithKatherineofAragon,untilonedayhecameacrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthillParkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1773.

Eventhenhissearchhadnotcometoanend.ItwasonlyalterhehadspentseveralnightsdiggingaroundthecrossthathedecidedtowritetoKitWilliamstofindoutifhewaswastinghistimethere.Williamsencouragedhimtocontinue,andonFebruary24th1982,hefoundthetreasure.Itwasworth￡3000inthebeginning,buttheexcitementithadcausedsinceitsburialmadeitmuchmorevaluable.

67.Theunderlinedword“them”（paragraph1）refersto.

A.redherringsB.treasurehuntsC.HenryVIII’ssixwivesD.readersofmasquerade

68.WhatisthemostimportantclueinthestorytohelpKenRobertsfindthehare?

A.TwostonecrossesinAmpthillB.Stevenson’sTreasureIsland

C.KatherineofAragonD.Williams’hometown.

69.ThestonecrossesinAmpthillwerebuilt.

A.totellaboutwhathappenedin1773B.toshowrespectforHenryVIII’sfirstwife

C.toserveasaroadsigninAmpthillParkD.toinformpeoplewherethegoldharewas

70.WhichofthefollowingdescribesRoberts’logicinsearchingforthehare?

a.HenryVIII’ssixwivesb.Katherine’sburialplaceatKimbolton

c.Williams’childhoodinAmpthilld.KatherineofAragon

e.stonecrossesinAmpthillPark

A.a-b-c-e-dB.d-b-c-e-aC.a-d-b-c-eD.b-a-e-c-d

71.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?

A.AnexcitinghistoricaleventB.Amoderntreasurehunt

C.TheattractionofMasqurradeD.Theimportanceoflogicalthinking.

2007全国卷一阅读文章A

Part6：

（一）做题顺序推荐：

细节，主旨，推断，词义

所提供的材料无法复制粘贴

（三）三项考点

1）四类关键词：

Part7：

（一）三类考点之第一类，四种关键词之前两种

1）逻辑词

2）概念词

逻辑词

2000全国卷阅读文章C

C

　　Decision-thinkingisnotunlikeitoftenmattersnotonlywhatyouthink,butalsowhatothersthinkyouthinkwhatyouthinktheythinkyouthink.Thementalprocess（过程）issimilar.Naturally,thiscardgamehasoften