考研英语阅读unit13.docx

考研英语阅读unit13.docx

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考研英语阅读unit13

Unit13

Wisdominthemindisbetterthanmoneyinthehand.

脑中有知识，胜过手中有金钱。

学习内容

题材

词数

建议时间

得分统计

做题备忘

PartA

Text1

文化教育

410

/10

Text2

商业经济

385

/10

Text3

科普知识

494

/10

Text4

社会生活

428

/10

PartB

文化教育

519

/10

PartC

科普知识

377

/10

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].

Text1

Whatissportsviolence?

Thedistinctionbetweenunacceptableviciousnessandagame’snormalrough-and-tumbleisimpossibletomake,sotheargumentruns.Thispositionmayappealtoourinclinationforlegalism,butthetruthismostofusknowquitewellwhenanactofneedlesssavageryhasbeencommitted,andsportsarelittledifferentfromcountlessotheractivitiesoflife.Thedistinctionisasapparentasthatbetweenadeliberatelyaimedblowandthearmfailingofthelosinghisbalance.Whenaplayerballshishandintoafist,whenhedriveshishelmetintoanunsuspectingopponentinshort,whenhecrossestheboundarybetweenplayinghardandplayingtohurt—hecanonlyintendanactofviolence.

Admittedly,roughactsinsportsaredifficulttopolice.Buthere,too,wefindreflectedtheconditionsofeverydaylife.Ambiguitiesinthelaw,confusionatthescene,andthereluctanceofwitnessescloudalmostanyroutineassaultcase.Suchuncertainties,however,havenotpreventedsocietyfromarrestingpeoplewhostriketheirfellowcitizensonthestreet.

Perhapsourtroublesstemnotfromthegamesweplaybutratherfromhowweplaythem.The1979meetingbetweenhockeystarsfromtheSovietUnionandtheNationalHockeyLeagueprovidedadirecttestoftwoapproachestosport—theemphasisonskill,grace,andtechniquebytheRussiansandthestressonbrutalityandviolencebytheNHL.Inastartlingupset,theRussiansembarrassedtheirrough-playingopponentsandexplodedalong-standingmyth:

thatsuccessincertainsportsrequiresexcessiveviolence.

Violenceapologistscitetwoadditionalarguments.First,theysay,sportsalwayshavebeenrough;todaythingsarenodifferent.ButargumentsinAmerican’sOldWestweresettledonMainStreetwithsixguns,andearlycavedwellerschosetheirwomenwithaclub.Civilizinginfluencesendedthosepractices;yetwearetoldsportsviolenceshouldbetolerated.Thesecondcontentionisthatathletesacceptriskaspartofthegame,and,inthecaseofprofessionals,arepaidhandsomelytodoso.Butcananyoneseriouslyarguethatbeinganathleteshouldrequiretheacceptanceofunnecessaryphysicalabuse?

And,exaggeratedasitmayseem,thepayofprofessionalathletespresumablyreflectstheirabilities,notapaymentagainstcombatinjuries.

“Clearlyweareindeeptrouble,”saysperplexedformerfootballplayerALDeRogatis.“Buthowandwhyhasitgottensobad?

”

1.Accordingtotheauthor,deliberateviolenceinsportsis

[A]impossibletotellfrompayinghard.

[B]ambiguousinanycircumstances.

[C]tooapparenttoescapeobservation.

[D]evidentifenoughattentionispaidto.

2.Aviolenceapologistprobablythinksthat

[A]violenceinsportsisarareoccurrence.

[B]violenceinsportsisnotnecessary.

[C]athletesarepaidenoughfortheirinjuries.

[D]professionalathletesenjoyviolence.

3.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorindicatesthat

[A]nothingcanbedoneaboutviolenceinsports.

[B]footballplayersareconcernedaboutviolenceinsports.

[C]violenceinsportsisworsenowthaniteverwas.

[D]athletesareconfusedaboutwhatshouldbeallowedinsports.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingistrue？

[A]athletes’personalitieshaveeffectsontheinclinationforviolent.

[B]athleteswhoemphasisonskill,graceandtechniquewillwin.

[C]athletesshouldnothavetoacceptunnecessaryphysicalabuse

[D]athletesneedhighersalariestocompensatefortheirinjuries.

5.Wecaninferfromthetextthat

[A]violenceinsportsisillegal.

[B]skillismoreimportantthanaggression.

[C]athletesshouldnotbeinjuredinsports.

[D]violenceinsportsisnotnecessary.

Text2

BrunoLundby,39,wasoneoftheranksoftypicallylow-paid,low-statusworkerswhofillsupermarketshelves,servefastfood,changehotelbedsoremptyofficewastebins,oftenatunsocialhoursandwithlittleexpectationofanythingbetter.Lackingformalqualifications,hedriftedfromthearmyintooddcleaningjobs.Then,unexpectedly,hefoundtheopportunityforadvancementinamanagementtrainingprogramofferedbyISS,theDanishsupportservicesgroup.Todayhesitsinaspotless,air-conditionedofficesupervisingallISSdamagecontroloperationsinthegreaterCopenhagenarea.“Icouldn’thaveimaginedgettingtowhereIamtodaywhenIstarted,”hesays.“IwassurprisedtobeofferedafutureatISSin1993whenIbecameasupervisor.”Inthepastthreeyears,hehasbeenpromotedthreetimes.

ISS,whichemploys272,000peoplein36countriesinEurope,AsiaandLatinAmericaincleaningandothercontractwork,stillappearstobeanexceptionintheservicessectorinofferingcareerprogressiontoworkers.

Thepursuitofcustomersatisfactionisastrongfeatureofcompaniesthattreatblue-collarstaffasmorethanacommodity.Tesco,thesupermarketgroupthatistheUK’slargestprivatesectoremployerwith210,000employees,recentlyformalizedapracticeofnurturingmanagementpotentialamongshelf-stackersandcheck-outstaff.“Theoneswhorespectcustomersaretheoneswhogeton,”saysClareChapman,humanresourcesdirector.Inthepastfivemonths,245employeeshavebeenpromotedfromgeneralstoreassistanttosectionmanager,149fromsectionmanagertoseniorstoreteamand33fromseniorteamtostoremanager.Thesestaffarecoached,assessedandthentrainedfortheirnewresponsibilities.Thetalent-spottingprogramappliestoallstaff,including45,700inTesco’soverseasstores.

ISSacknowledgesthatbyofferingcareerprogressionithaschangedthenatureofitscontractwithblue-collaremployees,raisingexpectationsonbothsidesthatmaynotalwaysbemet.④

ForMr.Lundby,careerprogresshasinducedloyaltytohisemployerandgreaterself-esteem.“Personalskillsareoftenmoreimportantthanhigheducationalqualificationsifyouhavetodealwithpeopleeveryday,”hesays.“I’mapractical,notanacademicperson.Iknowthebusinessfromthebottom.Iknowtheloopholesandthehardships.”

6.Itcanbeinferedfromparagraph1thatMr.Lundby

[A]hasanticipatedhisconditionwouldbeimproved.

[B]workshardbutstillhasnochancetogetimproved.

[C]hasbeenpromotedforhehasformalqualifications.

[D]hadsomeofthetoughest,dirtiestjobsbefore.

7.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheservicesector?

[A]Blue-collarworkersinithavelittlechancetobepromoted.

[B]Companiesinitalwayspursuecustomersatisfaction.

[C]Companiesinitalwaystreatblue-collarstaffasacommodity.

[D]Workersinithavemorechancetobepromotedthaninothers

8.InTesco,employeeswillhavechancetobepromotedif

[A]theyareloyaltotheiremployer.

[B]theyjoinmanagementtrainingprogram.

[C]theymaketheircustomerssatisfied.

[D]theyworkashardasthey’reexpected.

9.Byofferingcareerprogressiontoblue-collars,companies

[A]willhavemoremanagers.

[B]willbemorecompetitive.

[C]willhavehighexpectations.

[D]willhavelessresponsibility.

10.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?

[A]TheStoryofBrunoLundby.

[B]ManagementTrainingProgram.

[C]CareerProgressionInducingSelf-esteem.

[D]FromDead-endJobtoBrightCareer.

Text3

TheInternet,e-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessIntranetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?

IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOsandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitethecontrary.”Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat’smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnoguruspromisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,thedotcomgeneration,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24-hourelectronictradingmarkets,onlinebankingservices,all-nighte-commerce,and24-hourInternetnewsandentertainmentallhollerforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-and-time-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-and-time-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommodified