高级英语阅读考试题目及答案完整版.docx

高级英语阅读考试题目及答案完整版.docx

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高级英语阅读考试题目及答案完整版

Reading1:

ThisisWater

1.What’sthepointofthefishstory?

Theimmediatepointofthefishstoryisthatthemostobvious,ubiquitous,importantrealitiesareoftentheonesthatarethehardesttoseeandtalkabout.

2.Whatisournaturaldefault-setting,accordingtoWallace?

Doyouagreewithhim?

Ifyes,giveexamples;ifno,examplestoo,please.

Iamtheabsolutecenteroftheuniverse,therealest,mostvividandimportantpersoninexistence.

Yes,Ido.Theworldasyouexperienceitisrightthereinfrontofyou,orbehindyou,totheleftorrightofyou,onyourTV,oryourmonitor,orwhatever.Otherpeople’sthoughtsandfeelingshowtobecommunicatedtoyousomehow,butyourownaresoimmediate,urgent,real.

3.Isitpossibleforustoadjustournaturaldefault-setting?

Ifyes,how?

Andbytheway,whyshouldweadjustit?

A:

Yes,itis.Weshouldpayattentiontowhat’sgoingoninsidemeandstayalertandattentiveinsteadofgettinghypnotizedbytheconstantmonologueinsideyourownhead.what’smore,weshouldlearnhowtoThinkandhowtodecide.Thereasonwhyshouldweadjustitisthatthinkinginthewayofdefault-settingthatweexperiencetheboring,frustrating,crowedpartsofadultlife.

　B:

Yes,itis.Learninghowtothink------Learninghowtoexercisesomecontroloverhowandwhatyouthink.Itmeansbeingconsciousandawareenoughtochoosewhatyoupayattentiontoandtochoosehowyouconstructmeaningfromexperience.Ifwedon’tadjustit,wewillbetotallynosed.

4.Whatdoesitmeanby‘learninghowtothink’?

Andwhatisthejustifiablewaytothink?

Learninghowtothinkreallymeanslearninghowtoexercisesomecontroloverhowandwhatyouthink.Itmeansbeingconsciousandawareenoughtochoosewhatyoupayattentiontoandtochoosehowyouconstructmeaningfromexperience.

5.Whatisthemeaningofcollegeeducation?

Doyouagree?

Ifyes,furtherexplainsplease,ifno,defineyourmeaningofcollegeeducationandfurtherillustrateit.

Collegeeducationisthatitenablesmytendencytoover-intellectualizestuff,togetlostinabstractargumentinsideourheadinsteadofsimplypayingattentiontowhat’sgoingonrightinfrontofus.

6.WhatdidWallacerefertoas'theworkofchoosing'?

A:

Whenyouaregoingthroughpetty,frustratingcraps,youneedtomakeaconsciouschoiceofhowtothinkandwhattopayattentionto.

B：

Makeaconsciousdecisionabouthowtothinkandwhattopayattentionto.

7.WhatistheonlyTruematterofthelong,lonely'dayinanddayout'?

B：

Theonlythingwhat’scapitallytrueisthatyougettodecidehowyouaregoingtotrytoseeit.Yougettoconsciouslydecidewhathasmeaningandwhatdoesnot.Yougettodecidewhattoworship.

8.WhydidWallacesuggestthegraduatingseniorstoworshipsomespiritualthingsinsteadofanythingelse,saymoneyandpower?

Anoutstandingreasonforchoosingsomesortofspiritualthingstoworshipisthatprettymuchanythingelseyouworshipwilleatyoualive.

9.HowdidWallacedefinetherealimportantfreedomandifyouwouldliketo,pleasegiveyourdefinitionoffreedom.

Thereallyimportantkindoffreedominvolvesattention,awareness,discipline,effort,andbeingabletrulyabletocareaboutotherpeopleandtosacrificeforthem,overandover,inmyprettylittleunsexyways,everyday.

10.Finally,whatiswater?

Themostobvious,importantrealitiesarethehardesttoseeandtalkabout.

Reading2:

MoonLandingFaked.

1.Whypathologicalexplanationscannotbesufficientlyusedtoexplainconspiracytheories?

Becauseconspiracytheoriesarenotjusttheimplausiblevisionsofaparanoidminority.Therearesomanypeoplecomingtobelieveinit.

并不是少数妄想狂的难以置信的幻觉。

2.Howdoyouunderstandcontradictoryconspiracytheory?

出于一种更高层次的信仰，严重的对权威的不信任。

3.Whatisthedefinitionof“conspiracytheory”（Para.7）?

Whomightthose“powerfulindividualsandorganizations”be?

Aconspiracytheoryisusuallydefinedasanattempttoexplaintheultimatecauseofanimportantsocietaleventaspartofsomesinisterplotconjuredupbyasecretallianceofpowerfulindividualsandorganizations.

Governmentorofficials.

一些有权有势的个人和组织组成了一个秘密联盟，而这个秘密联盟策划了那些险恶的阴谋。

4.Whydopeoplerefusescience?

B:

Widespreadbeliefinconspiracytheories.

Receivingpositiveinformationaboutorevenmerelyexposedtoconspiracytheoriescanleadpeopletobecomedisengagedfromimportantpoliticalandsocietaltopics.

阴谋论为复杂的社会事件提供简单的解释，提供了可控和可预测的感觉。

Reading3:

What’sIsn’tforSale?

1.Whatare‘thehiddencosts’mentionedintheleadingparagraph?

A:

“Thehiddencosts”mentionedintheleadingparagraphmainlymeansthattherearesomethingsmoneycannotbuyinthepast,butitispossibletoday.Thelogicofbuyingandsellingnolongerappliestomaterialgoodsalone.Forexample,nonviolentoffenderscanpayforaclean,quietjailcell,withoutanynon-payingprisonerstodisturbthem.

B：

Marketsandmarketvalueshavecometogovernourlivesasneverbefore.

钱过去不能买的，但今天成为可能，几乎一切可售，买卖逻辑不仅适用于物质商品，市场几乎凌驾于我们。

2.Canyouthinkofanythingthatmoneycan’tbuynowadays?

B：

Family,affection,time,friendshipandsoon.

A:

Frommyperspective,thelovetoyourfamily,friendsoranybodyelsecannotbeboughtbymoneynowadays.

3.Howdidthemarketthinking/marketfaithcomeintobeing?

B：

Asthecoldwarended,marketsandmarketthinkingenjoyedunrivaledprestige.Theerabeganintheearly1980s,whenRonaldReaganandMargaretThatcherproclaimedtheirconvictionthatmarkets,notgovernment,heldthekeytoprosperityandfreedom.Anditcontinuedintothe1990swiththemarket-friendlyliberalismofBillClintonandTonyBlair,whomoderatedbutconsolidatedthefaiththatmarketsaretheprimarymeansforachievingthepublicgood.

冷战后，没有任何组织生产和分配物品的机制，可以堪比市场带来的巨大财富和繁荣（prosperity、booming）

4.Whatdoes‘somethingbigger’（Para.20）referto?

Itwasthereachofmarkets,andofmarketvalues,intospheresoflifetraditionallygovernedbynonmarketnorms.

5.Whyisitnotgoodthatwearemovingtowardasocietyinwhicheverythingisupforsale?

Therearetworeasons.First,it’saboutinequality.asmoneycomestobuymoreandmore,thedistributionofincomeandwealthloomslarger.Second,itisaboutthecorrosivetendencyofmarkets.Puttingapriceonthegoodthingsinlifecancorruptthem.Becausemarketsdon’tonlyallocategoods,theyexpressandpromotecertainattitudestowardthegoodsbeingexchanged.

1不公2腐败

在一个什么都可以出售的社会，生活再难有尊严（dignity），当金钱买越来越多的东西时，由收入和财富的分配差距会越来越大。

2将生活中的美好事物标价，会使之变坏，因为市场不仅在分配资源，他更表示和提倡东西都可以交易的态度。

Reading4:

Whoruinedthehumanities

1.Doyouagreewithwriter’sviewthat“classroomruinsliterature’sjoy”?

Ifyes,how?

Ifnot,giveyourreasons.

Idon’tthinkso.Frommyperspective,itisnotclassroombuttheteachingmethodinclassroomthatruinsliterature’sjoy.Manyteacherscanmakethesecurriculumsinterestingbyspecialteachingmethod.

2.What’stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenotionthatgreatliteraturecanhelpyouwithreadingandthinkingclearly?

Andwhat’syourview?

Intheauthor’sopinion,thenotionthatgreatliteraturecanhelpyouwithreadingandthinkingclearlyisachimera（妄想）.Iagreewiththeauthor.Forexample,theliterarymasterworksofWesterncivilizationdemonstratethelimitationsofso-calledclear-thinking.TherearesonnetsbyShakespearethatnolivingpersoncanunderstand.

伟大的文学作品能够帮助你更清晰地阅读和思考，这其实也是妄想。

很多人的诗到现在也没人理解，对很多人来说，高中毕业时，文学之火已经在我们所有人的心中充分燃烧起来。

3.Ofcourseit’simportanttoreadthegreatpoetsandnovelists.Butnotinauniversityclassroom.Wheredoyouthinkisanappropriateplace?

AsfarasIamconcerned,thelibrary,cafeteria,aquietgardenisanappropriateplacetoreadthem.

Coffeeshop

4.Howdidtheliteratureinfluencetheauthorbeforehewenttocollege?

Takeanexampletodescribetheliterature’sinfluencetoyou.

Beforehestudiedliteratureincollege,heplungedintotheturbulentemotionsofJulienSorel.Chekhov’sstoriessustainedhimwithwordsthatcapturedhissadness.Keats’slanguagefilledhimwithabeautythatrepelledhissadness.Bookstookhimfarfromhimselfintoexperiencesthathadnothingtodowithhislife,yetspoketohislife.Itleadshimtoahuman.（Literaturechangesmywayofthinkingandmakesmeexperiencevarioustastesoflife.自己想）

5.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthewarandteachingliterature?

Inasense,thestoryofteachingliteratureasaprofessionisastoryofwar.Aftersoldiersreturnhomein1945,teachingliteratureasaninvestigationoflife’senigmas（难题）struckadeepcollectivechord.AndaftertheVietnamWar,majoringinEnglishbeganitsslowdeclineandthepopularityofliteraturespelleditsdoom.

6.PleasesummarizeLionelTrilling’sperspectivesofliteratureeducation?

Trillingwasexasperated（激怒）bytheabsurdityofteachingmorallysubversivemodernistworksinthemorallyconventionalprecincts（范围）ofauniversity,tothepointwherehesomewhathystericallyexaggeratedwhathecalledthe“forceandterror”ofmodernistliterature（thereisterrorinSyria,notinGide）.Buthewasnotabletoseethattheclassroomalsoruinsliterature’sjoy,aswellastrivializing（轻视）.

7.Whatistheauthorreallyagainst?

Iamagainsttakingthesestartingepiphaniesoftheirrational,unspoken,unthought-ofsideofhumanlifeintothecollegeclassroomandturningthemintotheblandexercisesincompetition,hierarchyandinformation-accumulationthataretheseworks'mortalenemies.

我反对的是把这些令人惊异的顿悟带入大学课堂把他们变成竞赛中枯燥的练习题，等级体系和信息的堆砌，他们都是这些作品不共戴天的敌人。

8.Incommonsense,thelackofliteratureeducationleadstoperniciouspersonalcondition,buttheauthorthinksit’sasentimentalfantasy.Doyo