助动词用法归纳小学.docx

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助动词用法归纳小学.docx

助动词用法归纳小学

助动词(AuxiliaryVerb):

协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词。

自身没有词义,不可单独使用。

主要动词(MainVerb):

是被协助的动词,构成时态和语态。

Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.他不喜欢英语。

(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)

最常用的助动词有:

be,have,do,shall,will,should,would等。

基本助动词只有三个:

be,do,have

他们没有词汇意义,只有语法作用,如协助构成进行时,完成时,被动态,否定句,疑问句等。

1、be动词的用法

既可作系动词,又可作助动词,做助动词有人称和数的变化,第一人称用am,第二人称及复数用are,第三人称及单数用is,am,is过去式为was,are的过去式为were,它与现在分词构成进行时态和过去分词一起构成被动语态。

 a.表示时态be+doing(现在分词)表示现在进行的动作

  Heissinging.他正在唱歌。

 b.表示语态be+done(过去分词)表被动语态

  HewassenttoEngland.他被派往英国。

 c.be+todo(动词不定式)表示计划安排命令。

Wearetoplanttreesnextweek.下周我们将要去植树。

Youaretoexplainthis。

对此你要做出解释。

 二、do的用法

Do主要帮助实意动词构成否定和疑问句,后跟动词原形,有时放在实意动词前起强调作用,还可代替前文出现的动词,避免重复。

Do有人称和数的变化,第一、二人称及复数用do,第三人称及单数用does,过去式为did。

  1)构成一般疑问句。

DO+主语+动词原形+其他

  Ilikesinging变为疑问句为Doyoulikesinging?

2)do+not构成否定句。

主语+do+not+动词原形。

  Idonotwanttobecriticized. 我不想挨批评。

  Hedoesn'tliketostudy. 他不想学习。

  Manystudentsdidn’tknowtheimportanceofEnglishbefore.过去好多学生不知道英语的重要性.

  3)构成否定祈使句。

  Don'tgothere. 不要去那里。

  Don'tbesoabsent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。

  说明:

构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。

  4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气。

  Docometomybirthdaypartyplease. 请一定来参加我的生日宴会。

  Ididgothere. 我确实去那儿了。

  Idomissyou. 我确实想你。

我真想你了!

  5)用作代替动词。

  ----DoyoulikeBeijing?

--你喜欢北京吗?

  ----Yes,Ido. No,Idon’t.--是的,喜欢。

(do用作代动词,代替likeBeijing.)

  Heknowshowtodriveacar,doesn'the?

他知道如何开车,对

吧?

3、have的用法

Have+过去分词构成完成时态

Ihavestudiedenglishforalongtime.

情态动词的基本用法归纳

情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should,will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),oughtto等。

情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。

  一、can,could

  1)表示能力

    Marycanspeakthreelanguages.

  Canyouskate?

  

此时可用beableto代替。

Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而beableto则有更多的时态。

  I’llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.

  当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用Can。

如:

  Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.

  2)表示请求和允许。

  -----CanIgonow?

  -----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.

  此时可与may互换。

在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。

  ----CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?

  ----Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)

  3)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

  Canthisbetrue?

  Thiscan’tbedonebyhim.

  Howcanthisbetrue?

  二、may,might

  1)表示请求和允许。

might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。

否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。

  ----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?

  ----No,youmustn’t.

  ----May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?

  ----Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.)

  用MayI...?

征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用CanI...?

在口语中更常见。

  2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。

  Mayyousucceed!

  3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。

  might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。

  1.Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.

  2.Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.

  三、must,haveto

  1)表示必须、必要。

  Youmustcomeintime.

  在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t,don’thaveto(不必).

  ----Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?

  ----Yes,youmust.

  ----No,youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.

  2)must是说话人的主观看法,而haveto则强调客观需要。

Must只有一般现在时,haveto有更多的时态形式。

  1.heplayisn’tinteresting,Ireallymustgonow.

  2.IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.

  3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)

  1.You’reTom’sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.

  2.Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.

 四、shall,should

1)shall+动词原形表示将来时态

Shallwegoshoppingtomorrow?

2)shall用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。

  Whatshallwedothisevening?

  shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

  1.Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkhard.(警告)

  2.HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)

  3.Heshallbepunished.(威胁)

  六、will,would

  1)表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。

 Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee?

你想要一杯咖啡吗?

2)will+动词原形表将来时态

Hewillcomebacknextmonth.他下个月将会回来。

3)表示意志、愿望和决心。

1.Iwillneverdothatagain.

助动词练习题

1把下列句子变为一般疑问句。

1.Itisalovelydog.

________________________________________

2.Sheislovelygirl.

________________________________________

3.Weareclassmates.

______________________________________

4.Iamadoctor.

________________________________________

5.Thereisabirdinthetree.

________________________________

6.Theyaregoodfriends.

____________________________________

7.Ilovemyparents.

_______________________________________

9.Wehaveapleasanthome.

_______________________________

10.TheygotochurchonSunday.

_____________________________

11.Youareasinger.

______________________________

2.用dodoesbe填空

1>_____sheknowalltheanswers?

Yes,she____.No,she_____.

2>_____thetwinsoftenfight?

Yes,_____do.No,_____don’t.

3>_____yourdadlikelisteningtomusic?

Yes,____does.No,_____doesn’t.

5>_____youhaveanewteacher?

Yes,I______.No,I______.

6>_____sheateacher?

Yes,she_____.No,she_____.

10>_____yourfathersmokinginthelivingroom?

Yes,____is.No,he_____.

助动词和情态动词专项练习

一、情态动词的基本用法

⒈CanJohnSmith______hishomeworkontime?

A.finishB.finishesC.finishingD.finished

⒉Shedare______outbyherselfatnight.

A.gonotB.nottogoC.tonotgoD.notgo

⒊You______tothepartytonightifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.

A.don’tneedcomeB.needn’ttocome

C.needn’tcomeD.don’tneedcoming

⒋—We’llbereadytoleaveateight.

—Well,Johnmust______backbythen.

A.beingB.isC.beD.tobe

⒌Yourgrandmother______thenewspaperwithoutglasses.

A.canstillreadB.cansstillread

C.stillcanreadsD.canstillreads

二、must,need,dare的用法

⒍—MustIgetupearlytomorrow,Dad?

—No,you_____.TomorrowisSunday.

A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.couldn’t

⒎—Mustwefinishthebooktoday?

—Yes,you______.

A.canB.mayC.needD.must

⒏You______playontheroad.It’sdangerous.

A.mustn’tB.mayC.canD.must

⒐You______returnthebooknow.Youcankeepituntilnextweek.

A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.darenot

⒑I______asleepingbagbecauseI’vealreadygotone.

A.needn’thaveB.didn’thaveC.don’tneedD.neednot

⒒MrSmith______apenfromJack.

A.musttoborrowB.hadborrowed

C.mustborrowedD.hadtoborrow

三、can,could,may,might的用法

⒓Theman____walkfastbecauseheislameintherightfoot.

A.mustB.mustn’tC.canD.can’t

⒔—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?

—Yes,ofcourseyou______.

A.willB.wouldC.mustD.can

⒕Acomputer_____thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.

A.mightnotB.maynotC.couldn’tD.can’t

⒖—Thatmustbeamistake.

—Idon’tthinkso.It______amistake.

A.maybenotB.needn’tbeC.cannotbe

⒗He______helpcryingatthenewsofhisfather’sdeath.

A.couldn’tB.shouldn’tC.hadn’tD.didn’t

⒘“Now,______allsmile,please?

”heasked.

A.mayyouB.doyouC.shallyouD.canyou

⒙Ihaven’tbroughtmydictionarywithme._____Iuseyours?

A.MustB.ShallC.MayD.Need

四、should,would,shall,will的用法

⒚—MustIcopythenewwordsinclass?

—No,you______.You______doitathome.

A.needn’t,mayB.mustn’t,must

C.mustn’t,mayD.needn’t,mustn’t

⒛—Wouldyoupleasenotdrawpicturesonthewall?

—Sorry.I______itagain.

A.amnotdoingB.don’tdoC.didn’tdoD.won’tdo

21.______Iopenthewindow?

It’ssowarmhere.

A.ShallB.WillC.WouldD.Must

22.______youlikesomeoranges?

A.WouldB.CanC.MayD.Must

23.Tomsaidthathe______apologizetoMary.

A.wouldB.willC.shallD.isgoingto

24.“Doyouthinkwe______turnback?

”Janeasked.

A.shallB.willC.shouldD.would

⒈He______anyhelp.Hecandoitallbyhimself.

A.needsnotB.needn’t

C.doesn’tneedD.doesn’tneedtoask

⒉LiFangisn’tintheclassroom.He______beatthelibrary.Let’sgoandfindhim.

A.canB.mustC.needD.should

⒊—MayIhavealookatyournewwatch?

—Yes,you______.

A.canB.mustC.needD.should

⒋—MustIhandintheexercisebooktomorrow?

—No,you______.Youcanhanditinthedayaftertomorrow.

A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.couldn’t

⒌There______anEnglishtestnextMonday.

A.maybeB.wasC.maybeD.may

⒍You’dbetterasksomeone,oryou______getlost.

A.mayB.mustn’tC.aregoingtoD.can

7.“Comeon!

”Petercalled.“We______stayhereanylonger.”

A.couldn’tB.can’tC.hadn’ttoD.mightn’t

8..MustTomwriteitnow?

No,he______.

A.needn’tB.can’tC.mustD.mustn’t

9.“HaveyouseenLirecently?

“No,Ithinkhemust______awayonvacation.”

A.beingB.isC.beD.tobe

10.“Allright.You______ifyoudon’twantto.”

A.don’tneedstayB.needn’tstayC.needn’ttostayD.don’tneedstaying

1:

She?

________?

to?

see?

documentaries(记录片).

A、do?

wantB、don't?

wantC、doesn't?

wantD、not?

want

2:

Look?

at?

that?

picture?

on?

the?

wall.?

__________?

you?

like?

it?

A、DoB、CanC、CouldD、Are

3:

He?

________?

like?

pears.

A、doB、isC、doesn'tD、not

4:

—Do?

you?

often?

go?

to?

the?

cinema______?

Sunday?

—No,?

we__________.

A、on,?

don'tB、on,?

aren't?

C、in,?

doD、in,?

don't

5:

-Can?

you?

see?

a?

light?

on?

the?

table?

-Yes,?

________.

A、I?

amB、I’m?

notC、I?

canD、He?

isn’t

6:

—Does?

the?

boy?

want?

to?

be?

an?

actor?

?

—________.

A、Yes,?

he?

isB、No,?

he?

doesC、Yes,?

he?

doesD、No,?

he?

isn't

7:

_________?

he?

have?

any?

apples?

?

A、DoB、DoesC、IsD、Are

8:

She?

______?

want?

to?

be?

a?

policewoman,?

because?

she?

thinks?

it’s?

kind?

of?

dangerous.

A、isn’tB、aren’tC、don’tD、doesn’t

9:

Why____he?

have?

brown?

hair?

A、doB、doesC、isD、has

10:

What?

time__________?

he?

get?

home?

every?

day?

A、isB、doesC、doD、am

11:

What________?

you?

see?

in?

the?

picture?

A、isB、areC、can?

D、have

12:

Jack_______?

like?

flying?

kites______?

throwing?

a?

frisby.

A、don't,?

orB、doesn't,?

andC、don't,?

andD、doesn't,?

or

13:

A:

________?

Jim?

________?

a?

ball?

B:

No,?

he________.

A、Do,?

have,?

don'tB、Does,?

has,?

doesn'tC、Is,?

have,?

isn'tD、Does,?

have,?

doesn't

14:

I?

________?

have?

a?

watch.

A、am?

notB、doesC、don'tD、doesn't

15:

____you____a?

good?

time?

on?

your?

vacation?

A、Did;?

haveB、Did;?

hadC、Were;?

haveD、Were;?

had

16:

Simon?

likes?

_____?

football,?

but?

he?

doesn’t?

_____?

it?

well.

A、play,?

playsB、to?

play,?

playsC、plays,?

playingD、playing,?

play

17:

She____have?

to?

wash?

the?

dishes?

now.

A、don'tB、notC、doesn'tD、can't

18:

—________Colin?

________?

Chinese?

history?

?

—Yes,?

he?

does.

A、Do;?

likeB、Does;?

likesC、Do;?

likesD、Does;?

like

19:

Li?

Lei?

______?

lunch?

at?

home.

A、hasn’tB、haven’tC、don’t?

haveD、doesn’t?

have

20:

-Who?

cleaned?

the?

blackboard?

yesterday,?

Dick?

?

-John___.

A、cleanedB、doesC、didD、is

21:

__________?

you?

usually?

come?

to?

school?

by?

bike?

A、Don'tB、Doesn'tC、Aren'tD、Isn't

22:

-Where______lions?

come?

from?

?

-I?

think?

they?

come?

from?

Africa.

A、are?

B、is?

?

C、does?

D、do

23:

__________?

we?

have?

any?

eggs?

A、Aren'tB、Don'tC、Can'tD、Mustn't

24:

____you?

on?

your?

vacation?

yesterday?

A、AreB、WereC、WasD、Did

25:

-Who____dinner?

last?

night?

?

-My?

mother____.

A、cooked;?

didB、did;?

cookedC、did;?

didD、cooked;?

cooked

1.There__________ameetingtomorrowafternoon.

A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobe

C.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe

2.Mother________meanicepresentonmynextbirthday.

A.willgivesB.willgive

C.givesD.Give

3.Listen!

Thegirl_____________intheroom.

A.singsB.singing

C.issingingD.aresinging

4.Whatareyoudoing?

I’m__________TV.

A.watc

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