河北省安平县安平中学高一英语寒假作业10实验班115含答案.docx
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河北省安平县安平中学高一英语寒假作业10实验班115含答案
河北安平中学实验部高一年级英语学科寒假作业
2019年2月11日
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
WelcometoGlassofVenice,thenumberoneimporterandretailerofauthenticMuranoGlassintheUSandoneofthetopnamesamongMuranoGlassretailersworldwide.Weworkdirectlywithartisans(工匠)fromMurano,Italytobringyoutheuniquecenturiesoldartrootedintraditionandskill.EveryitemishandcraftedwithpassionusingancienttechniquesthatmadeMuranoglassmakersworld-famoussincethe8thcentury.Nowyouneedn’tmakeatriptoMuranotoownanauthenticpieceofartasbeautifulasVeniceitself.
Atthetimeofmass-producedproductsthatcarrynospecialmeaning,MuranoGlassgivesyouanopportunitytoexpressyourindividuality.Everypieceisunique.
MuranoGlassis100%handcraftedinVenice.Beapartofthecenturies-oldVenetiantradition!
Apieceoftheartisan’sheartandsouliscapturedineveryMuranoGlasscreation.CraftingMuranoGlassjewelry,vases,sculpturesandotherfunctionalanddecorativepiecesisacomplicatedprocessfromsilica,minerals,water,andfire.Venetianartisanscreatemasterpieces.Thetechniquestheyusearecenturiesold,andartisanshavebeentrainedformanyyearsintheirfathers’andgrandfathers,workshopsbeforetheycanattainareveredstatusofthetruemasterofthecraft.
MuranoGlassmastersarenotjustartisans;theyareartists.EversinceMuranoglassmakersguild(公会)wasestablishedonthisVenetianislandin1291,theyhavebeeninnovating,seekingnewmethodsofcreatingglass,andpushingforwardtoexpressnewphilosophiesandartisticvisionsthroughglass.ThismadeMuranoGlassgetitsownartform,andithasbeenrecognizedatinternationalexpositionsandtopartmuseumsandgalleriesworldwide.TodaythefamousglassmastersworkingonMuranoIslandarefirstandforemostartists,andGlassofVeniceisproudtoofferartisticmasterpiecesfromtopMuranoglassworkshops.
21.WhatcanbeinferredaboutMuranoGlass?
A.Itismadebyusingmodernmachines.B.EverypieceismadeintheUS.
C.Everypiecehasaspecialstyle.D.Itwasdesignedinthe8thcentury.
22.Theunderlinedword“revered”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto“”.
A.considerateB.relievedC.complexD.respected
23.WhatwereMuranoGlassmastersdevotedtodoingaccordingtothetext?
A.Exploringwaystodevelopthecreationofglass.
B.ExportingMuranoGlasstomanyforeigncountries.
C.BuildingartmuseumstoshowthebeautyofMuranoGlass.
D.Creatingaspecialartformtoexpresstheirphilosophiesoflife.
24.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoMuranoGlassmasters’works?
A.Critical.B.Admirable.C.Cautious.D.Aggressive.
B
TodaywethinkofAbrahamLincolnasagreatleader.Whatmostofusdon’tknowisthathewasawell-knownhumoristandstorytellerinhisday.
Lincolnlearnedtotelljokesandstoriesfromhisfather.WhenLincolnbecamealawyer,heusedhisjokesandstoriestogainthegoodwillofthejury(陪审团),andmorethanoncehisopposinglawyerwouldcomplaintothejudgethatLincoln’sstorieswereirrelevantanddistracting(转移、分心)tothejury.ThetroubleforthemwasthatJudgeDavidDavislovedLincoln’sjokesmorethananyoneelseinthecourtroom.
Asapolitician,Lincolnmadeexcellentuseofhishumorousstories.HislongtimepoliticalopponentStephenA.Douglascomplainedthat“Nothingelse—notanyofhisargumentsoranyofhisrepliestomyquestions—disturbsme.Butwhenhebeginstotellastory,IfeelthatIamtobeovermatched.”MorethanonceDouglasandotherpoliticalopponentsofLincoln’ssawtheirwellpresentedargumentsforgottenbytheaudienceafterLincolnfolloweduptheirspeecheswithahomelystory.
AstheresponsibilitiesoftheofficeofPresidentbecamegreaterandheavier,Lincolnusedhumortofindrelief.Hewantedtoreducethestressesinhimselfandthosearoundhim.OneofLincoln’sneighborstoldthatoneday,hesawLincolnwalkingpastwithtwoyoungshoutingboys.“What’sthematter,Mr.Lincoln?
”theneighborasked.“Thesamethingthat’sthematterwiththewholeworld,”Lincolnanswered.“Ihavethreewalnuts,andeachoneofthemwantstwoofthem.”
OnecannottrulyappreciateLincolnwithoutunderstandinghishumorousside.HeusedhisjokesandstoriesbothforthepurposeofwinningoverhisaudienceandrelievingthepressureheexperiencedasPresidentduringtheterribleCivilWar.
25.WhenLincolnwasalawyer,whatwashispurposeoftellingjokesandstories?
A.Hewantedtosatisfythejudge’sdesireforjokes.
B.Hewantedtodistracthisopposinglawyer.
C.Hewantedtorelievehispressure.D.Hewantedtoimpressthejury.
26.WhatmightbeDouglas’attitudetowardsLincoln’shumorousstories?
A.Appreciative.B.Annoyed.C.Concerned.D.Surprised.
27.What’sthepurposeofthetext?
A.Toeducate.B.Toinform.C.Topersuade.D.Toentertain
C
Imaginelookingatsomethingandbeingabletomoveitjustbyusingyourbrain!
ThatisexactlywhatthenewtechnologycalledBrainGatecando—withthehelpofaroboticarm,anyway.
BrainGateistheideaofProfessorJohnDonoghueandhisteamofresearchersattheBrownInstituteforBrainScience,USA.BrainGateisattacheddirectlytothebrain.Firstofall,goldwiresareputintothepartofthebrainthatcontrolsmovement.Thesearethenconnectedtoasmallcomputerchip(芯片).Whenthepersonthinksaboutdifferentmovements,thiscreateselectricalsignals,whicharepickedupbythechip.Afterthis,thesignalsthatarecreatedbythebrainaresentbacktoacomputer,whichchangesthesignalsintomovements.Finally,thecomputerusestheroboticarmtocarryoutthesemovements.BrainGatecanalreadybeusedtowriteane-mailorplaycomputergames,justbybrainpower.
Thetechnologyhasalreadycostmillionsofdollarstodevelopandwhenitisavailableforuse,itwillprobablycostthousandsofdollarsperperson.TherearestillmanychallengesaheadforDonoghueandhisteam.Theyarecurrentlyplanningaminiwirelessversion,whichwillallowpeopletobeconnectedtothecomputeratalltimes.Donoghuealsodreamsofusingthistechnologytohelpdisabledpeoplewhocan'tmovetheirarmsorlegs.HeplanstoconnectBrainGatedirectlytotheirownparalysedlimbs(瘫痪的胳膊或腿).Thiswillmeanthatthepersoncancontroltheirownbodyagain,withoutrelyingonaroboticarm.
Thisresearchisattractingthemilitary's(军方的)attentionaswell.However,itiseasytounderstandwhyscientistsmightbeconcernedabouthowthought-controlledmachinescouldbeusedbythemilitary.
28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“These”referto?
A.Movements.B.Thoughts.C.BrainsD.Wires.
29.WhatisoneofBrainGate'sdisadvantages?
A.Itneedsimprovement.B.Itproducesfewmovements.
C.Itistooexpensive.D.Itisdifficulttocontrol.
30.HowwillDonoghuehelpdisabledpeople?
A.Bydevelopingawirelessversion.B.Byreplacingtheirlimbswithroboticones.
C.BymakingBrainGatesmaller.D.ByattachingBrainGatetotheirbadlimbs.
31.Whatdoesthemilitarythinkofthought-controlledmachines?
A.Theycouldleadtodisasters.B.Theywouldfacefiercecompetition.
C.Theycouldbeuseful.D.Theywouldbeinmassproduction.
D
Anewtechnologyisgoingtoripe,onethatcouldtransformourdailylives,helptoformnewindustries,evenremoveworldeconomicpowersfromtheirpresentpositions.UnlikethewaveofindustrializationthatbeganintheWestandspreadlatertotherestoftheworld,thenewdevelopmentsaretakingplaceinresearchlabsallovertheglobe—andAsiansareintheforefront.Physicistsarecreatinganewclassofmaterialsthatdisplayanamazingpropertyunforeseeneventwoyearsago—superconductivity(超导体技术).
Usedtodayonlyinspecializedequipment,superconductorshavethepotentialtoradicallychangemostoftheelectricalandelectronicappliancesfoundinthehome,makingthemsmaller,morepowerfulandefficient.Theycouldfreeourcitiesofpollutionbyreplacingpetrolanddiesel(柴油)vehicleswithelectriccars,andcutthecostofelectricity.Thenewmaterialsdosomethingthateventhebestofconductorssuchascopperandsilvercannot—theydoawaywithallelectricalresistance.Thesignificancesforenergystoragearegreat.
Thetechnologyisinitsearlystage,stillaccessibletocountriesthatdecidetoinvestbrainsandmoney.For75yearsithadremainedlittlemorethanascientificcuriositywithlimitedpracticalusebecausethephenomenonoccurredonlyatextremelylowtemperatures.Itwasfirstobservedin1911byaDutchscientistnamedHeikeKamerlinghOnnes,whocooledmercury(水银)totemperaturesbelow-269℃withliquidhelium(氦).TheninJanuarylastyear,twoIBMscientists,K.AlexMullerandJ.GeorgeBednorz,foundametaloxideceramic(氧化陶瓷)thatsuperconductedat-243℃.TheirreportwentlargelyunnoticeduntillastDecember,whenitwasconfirmedatascientificmeetinginBoston.TodayJapan,India,ChinaandotherAsiancountriesallhavetheirshareofexpertswhospendtheirdaysandnightsinlabs,actingasmidwives(助产士)toanewtechnology.
32.Asisindicatedinthepassage,thetechnologyofsuperconductivity____________.
A.hasalreadybeendevelopedB.isstillunderdevelopment
C.willbeusedonlyinspecializedequipmentD.willbeusedindailylivesinafewyears
33.Thenewtechnologydiffersfromtheothersinthat____________.
A.itbeganintheEastandspreadlatertotherestoftheworld
B.itbeganintheWestandspreadlatertotherestoftheworld
C.itisbeingcultivatedinresearchlabsaroundtheworld
D.itisaccessibletophysicistswhoareintelligentandri