SAT语法难题解析.docx
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SAT语法难题解析
•书面语中只有whether表示“是否”,if不可以
•注意句子中前后面its和their是否对应
•短语若能简化却用复杂形式就算错,能简洁就简洁,简洁性原则(在不改变句意的前提下)
•找不到错误时,注意句子前后时态的一致性和固定搭配(介词的用法)
•注意以下结构:
名词+介词+名词,如anewlyformedorganizationofhomeownersandbusinesspeoplehave…,错的!
of后面的名词全都可以忽略,谓语动词的单复数看介词之前的名词。
•不能语义重复!
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•注意倒装时的时态、单复数一致,尤其是therebe举行的be的单复数,由be后面的主语决定,如:
Alsosupported(A)bythecommissionwas(B)theproposedhealthclinicsandtheproposedcenter(C)todistributeinformationonjob-training(D)opportunities.Noerror(E)答案:
B
•若出现指代不明确的情况,有相同选项的如it,可以直接划掉多个选项。
•要注意with的出现很有可能跟前面的格式不匹配
•有两个动词在不同的时间时,早的那个要用完成时。
•完成时可以表示持续的动作。
e.g.RDXhasbeenverynicetome.(wasniceandstillisnice)
•swim-swam-swum,run-ran-run
•优先纠正:
句子完整性>句意完整性>是否有语法错>时态错>简洁性原则,修改句子时注意不能改变原句句意,即使会让句子变得累赘,如OC2Section6No.4
•平行形式A,BandC中一定是and连接,而不是aswellas
•This不可以单独充当主语或宾语
•注意指代不清的问题。
同一句话中如果有they之类的,那么前面必须只有1个复数名词,否则会导致指代不清。
that等同理。
•宾语从句that不省
•this/that在SAT中指代整句话绝对是错误的
•没有doit/them/that只有doso
•表示是否只能用whether,不使用if和whether~ornot
•就近原则:
therebe句型,notonly...,butalso...;neither...,nor...;either...,or...
•不要被句末多加的then之类的词误导,其实往往没错
•For后面要跟宾语形式,we要改成us,I改成me,she改成her,此次类推
•However,thus,hence,then,also,even不是conjunction,不能连接两个SVO,要加and或;
•时间词的重复(contemporary&oftheperiod,annual&eachyear,etc.)
•Like来比较不能乱用,很可能变成illogicalcomparison,平行结构
•Ratherthan的两边格式、类别都是要一样
•如果某修饰词既可以修饰前面也可以修饰后面,那移动它的位置。
e.g.Theoystersagreed onSunday togoforastrollwiththewalrus.(UNCLEAR)
e.g.Theoystersagreedtogoforastrollwiththewalrus onSunday.(CLEAR)
•Nothingcanbedifferentfromitself.
e.g.LemonhaspostedmorethreadsthanCUUSers. (wrong)
e.g.Lemonhaspostedmorethreadsthan other CUUSers. (correct)
•搭配就近原则(notonly/butalso;neithernor;eitheror;notbut)
e.g.Notonlylemonbutalso Iam acuuser.
•
(1)联合主语通常用复数。
(nounandnoun+verb-->pl.)如people,cattle,police,etc.
e.g.Lemonandsat2400 are cuusers.
(2)联合主语指代一个事情的时候用单数。
e.g.CeciliaandAndy is thenameofanID.
(3)诡异的主语情况。
1.单数,medium,datum,phenomenon,criterion
2.复数,media,data,phenomena,criteria
(4)似复实单的情况。
如billiards,checkers;physics,statistics;measles,rickets;customs,news等等。
(5)分清真正主语(n1ofn2)
e.g.apairofscissorsisonthedesk.
few,many,several为复数形式。
•如果一个题有一项是在固定搭配的词组下划线,并且没有错,那么一般这个句子就没有错。
•注意!
如果前面是个动词如:
contaminatedbysewage,后面则是whichcanlastfordays….这个which不是指代sewage。
Sewage不能lastfordays,而是contaminationcouldlastfordays.所以不能用which指代,而应该是明确使用contaminate的名词形式,contamination
•注意插入语的干扰(两个逗号之间)
•被动句很有可能是错的,因为没明确动作发出者!
(加 “by” 就ok了)
•Becauseofdoing和havingdoing后面跟过去式时,havingdoing往往正确
•Bemores.th of Athan of B,不用在ofB前加that之类的
•Somuch......................as (距离很远也要看清)
•Synonymouswith,Synonymof/for
•Both和thus重复,不能同时出现
•注意动词的分词短语的逻辑主语是否一致,即v-ing或v-ed出现时,注意该短语的主语的逻辑主语是否存在,或匹配如OC1Section7No.22、OC2Section6No2
Mayaproudlyworehersister’smostpopularinvention,awatchforwintercampersthat……,andsendsoutaloudalarmwhenpressingabutton,此处的pressing有错,句子中的任何成分都不能做pressing的逻辑主语。
•固定用法
•Becapableof,…beathreatto…,oneofitskind,beimpressedwith,
•…sothat…,so…that…,justas…so,hadhardly…when,nosooner…than,not…anymore
•Mistrustofs.th,beparticularabove/overs.th,onthevergeof…,advocateof/for…
•Andso=andtherefore,错的!
•Preventfrom,protestsb/s.thagainst,prohibitsb/s.thfrom!
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•eversince
•knowntobes.b/knownass.b皆可
•Determine不加about,determineons.th/todos.th
•pointto/towards s.th—Alltheevidencepointstosuicide.
•Aas(adj)asB,C,D… (as..as的两边类比一样的事物,并且可以是母集和子集关系)
•Whereas=but,Whereby=bywhich,Thereby=asaresult
•culminatein/with s.th
•certifysbass.th,strikesb as s.th
•bedesirousofs.th,s.thisdesirable
•thereason....bethat
•drawon/upons.th —touseinformationoryourknowledgeofsomethingtohelpyoudosomething,利用(信息):
Hisnovelsdrawheavilyonhischildhood.
ShehadawealthofexperIdentifyErrsncetodrawon.
•Inaddition要在句首用.
•Subjectto=dependon,yieldto
WeplantogoonWednesday,subjecttoyourapproval. 此时subject为形容词
Movingallthebooksshouldnottakelong,subjecttotherebeing (=ifthereare) enoughhelpers.
•注意!
Because不能用isbecause之类的!
一定要:
(句子),because(句子)
•Reconciles.th with
•Xxxx’sreasons are that..........andthat.......... 因为有are,所以要跟2个或以上的that从句,这里的that不可省略!
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•Doings.th…….isas(adj)as itis……. ,因为doing可以看成名词,所以要有同是名词代词的it
•So….as…. (so 和as距离远要看清),Justas...so.
•XxxisinA, not,asmanypeopleassume,inB.
•Forall=despite(!
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•Atriskofdoings.th,Atriskfrom
•Aprovides(或其他动词)xxxbetterthan does B.,Aprovides(或其他动词)asmuchxxxas does B.
•(形容词)becauseof…… but/and (形容词)becauseof……
•在平行句,noun,noun,nounand 修饰语+noun中,这个修饰语不影响平行结构
•becommittedto/commitoneselfto/commitone’slifeto致力于
•bededicatedtodoing致力于
•persuadesbintos.th/intodoings.th
•beexcelatdoing擅长于
•prohibit./prevent/keepsbfromdoingsth
•takeinterestin,对…很好奇,takeoffenseat....因....发怒,takepridein…,以....为自豪
•tendto/haveatendencytodo(不能加of)....有……的趋势
•Inthehopeof
•Preoccupationwith,Complywith,Afflictwith
•resemblanceto,condemnas,debateover/over/about
•AbefamiliartoB:
A对B而言很出名,GaGaisfamiliartome.
AbefamiliarwithB:
B很了解A,IamfamiliarwithGaGa
•farfrom远非;farawayfrom实际距离远
•从没出现过2道连选E的情况,若考试时连选,一定要仔细检查!
切记,“看着别扭”永远不能作为ISE中选择的理由,再别扭但不会改或不知道考点,就选E。
看这笔记的思路是:
以代词为例子,一看到代词,脑袋里要弹出这么几个:
主格宾格混用,单复数错误,one-you混用,指代不清。
。
。
以此类推,看到动词,看到副词,看到形容词要想到blabla。
代词:
//主格宾格混用(letwe….)介词后宾格动词后面宾格
//one-you混用:
//单复数错误(前面一个dogs后面是it)等总之看到Iyouhesheherhistheythemtheir…..警惕
//裸指指代不清
/指示代词(thisthatthesethose)
Prof.Jdoesn'tseetocareifstudentscheat,andthis(indifferent)bothersme.
动词(包括have及系动词)
//单复数不统一(therearealineoftrees)
/包括倒装
介词短语或ing或ed在前面或者only,never,
thereisagroupofsudents
egamidtheAandBwasTom.
/every,each,neither..nor,either..or就近原则
//时空穿越.
/timeless不变时态story,opinion,theory,用现在时
/bythetime/priorto/since/overlasttendays/until/sincethen
看到类似的注意时态(完成时)
/有年份一般是过去式/
eg:
however(C),ithasbecome(D)anEnglishsettlementby1735.
现在完成时不是过去影响现在神马的定义记忆:
shehasbeensonicetome=shewasnicetome+shestillisnicetome
//虚拟语气
过去意淫现在
ifhaddone...wouldhavedone
IfIhaddidit,Iwouldhavebeenpublished
现在意淫将来
ifwere...wouldbe
IfIwereyouIwouldgotodie
IwouldbelateifIweretomissthebus
将来意淫将来.
Ifshouldbe...wouldbe
Ifthereshouldbenoair,therewouldbenolivingthings
缩写
hadIknown=ifIhadknown
werethey=iftheywere
hadtherebeen=iftherehadbeen
shouldtherebe=ifthereshouldbe
祈使用原型
require,request,suggest,command
IrequestthatJill(should)pickuptheball
平行
//比较
/than前后东西要平行(Tom’sdogisbetterthanme)
动词可以省略,提前
SYswimsfasterthanLD.√
SYswimsfasterthanLDdoes.√
SYswimsfasterthandoesLD.√
//排比(Hiscleverness,kindnessandbeinghardworking)
//固定
like/unlike….
as..as
(as...as用法as后面紧接形容词或副词
eg:
Ihaven’tknownhimaslongasyou.
She’sasgoodanactressassheisasinger.)
bothand,
eitheror,
neithernor要完整
notonly…butalso…
ratherthan
morethan
prefer…to…
todoand(to)do(to可以省略)
eg:
thecoachadvisedherplayerstoeatabalanceddinner,torelaxandenjoy(B)themselves(C),andtheyshouldget(D)plentyofrest.
todo..istodo/Doing..isdoing
eg:
Toinsistthatapoemmeanswhateverone(A)wantsit(B)tomeanistoignore(C)theintentionandeven(D)thewordsofthepoet.
只有中心词平行就好
As(A)adults,malegoldensilkspiderslivenot(B)inwebsoftheirown(C)makingbutratherinwebsmadeby(D)femalespiders.Noerror(E)
形容词副词.
//比较重复morebetterthan
//两者间用最高级
//形副混用
Thisknifeiscleverdesigned.)
//who-which-what混用
//措辞
26~29题一般单个划线)
eg/
ambivalent→ambiguous
anecdote→antidote
unanimously→anonymously
compliments→complements
principals→principles
inhabited→inhibited
cite/site/sight
allusion/illusion
appraise/apprise
breath/breathe
conscience/conscious/conscientious
stationary/stationery
collaborate/corroborate
desirous&desirable
auditory&audible
prospective&perspective
imminent&eminent
//idiom
这个固定用法。
。
看这:
//修饰语乱跑
eg11
IfoundanantiquestorewanderingintheManhattan)
eg2
Mr.Hansonproudly(A)demonstratedhiscompany’s(B)latestcellphone,amodelthatflashes(C)thetimeincolor-codednumeralswhenpressingabutton(D).
D.onepressesabutton/abuttonispressed
eg3Tomatosoupappealstoallagegroupsandcanbemadeparticularlydeliciousifaddingsweetredpeppers
(B)deliciousbytheadditionofB.
eg4
Whenwewerecleaningthegarage,mysisterandIfoundtheoldsoccerballinadarkcornerweusedtoplaywithwhenwewereyoung.
D:
inadarkcornertheoldsoccerballweusedtoplaywithwhenwewereyoung..
技巧
看看是不是强调句
/被动
看是不是用ByTheseven-month-oldbabywasconsideredprecociousbyherfamily(A)
/平时多读题干培养语感
/做到偏后:
关注固定用法和对称(myleglongerthanhis)措词
/need有两种
实意动词:
idontneedshedoesn'sneed
*情态动词:
ineednotdo没有肯定句真题没错过(likemustnot)
//悬垂修饰语(DanglingModifiers)
Doing/Done…,SVO.
Of/By/Unlike/Like…,SVO.
A/An…,SVO
Adj…,SVO.
While/Whendoing...,SVO
//run-onsentence
/:
A:
一个句子连词比分句少一个(人拉手)
/改正方法
1加“:
“”;
2加连词:
FANBOYS(forandbutoryetso";"":
")
连词:
although,because,where,if,until,while,as,since,.....
3加副词和分号:
however,moreover,therefore,also,then,
4把其中一个动词改成分词修饰或介词短语修饰
//不完整句子
/常考
从句有动词主句没有
/inthat=because
/独立主格(它就是一个dangling,但修饰的不是主语)
Inwinter,whenthepondsfrozeover,thevillagerswentskating,andthemostventuresomeofwhomplayedchaseandexecutedcomplicatedtur