最新高中英语重点词汇精讲资料.docx
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最新高中英语重点词汇精讲资料
高中英语重点词汇精讲
abandon:
vt.放弃,遗弃abandonmedicineforliterature弃医从文;desert:
遗弃,抛弃onadesertedisland.
ability:
n能力,才能:
havetheabilitytodo…=becapableofdoing…有能力做……
able:
adj.有能力的:
anableleader;beableto与can的区别:
can只有现在(can)和过去(could)两种形式,而beableto可有各种时态。
(详见情态动词)。
Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly,buteveryone______getout.
A.couldB.wasabletoC.canD.must(B)
aboard:
adv./prep在船(飞机,车)上.Aboard=onboard;Allaboard!
请上船;开船啦。
Welcomeaboard!
请上船(飞机,车)
about:
prêt./adv.在周围,在身边;关于(on更严肃,正式);大约:
beabouttodo...(=beat/onthepointofdoing...)即将做。
。
。
。
。
。
后不能接soon,atonce等时间状语;Howabout+doing/名词/代词/句子等...=Whatabout..做......好吗?
①Ihavenomoneyaboutme.②HaveyouheardofthestoryaboutShakespeare?
abouttwoyeas=twoyearsprso=sometwoyears
Allthemariners____diedexcepttheonewhoshotthebirdlefttotellhisstorytoothers,whichwasdescribedinthepoemcalled“TheRimeoftheAncientMariner.”
A.onaboardB.onaboardC.onboardsD.aboard
abroad:
adv.be(go/live/travel)abroad;come(return)fromabroad;bothathomeandabroad在国内外;beallabroad离题,不中肯
absence:
n.absent:
adj.不在,缺席;不在意的:
HewillbeabsentatthemeetingfromBeijing.(不在北京)
HewillbeabsentatthemeetinginBeijing.(外出在北京)Absenceofmind心不在焉;反义词:
present出席的,在场的,用法和absent一样,但作定语要后置(n.礼物,atpresent目前)_______gotapresentattheparty.(A)
A.AllpresentB.PresentallC.Allpresenting
absorb:
vt.吸收(声音,光线,液体等),吸收,理解(知识等);Beabsorbedin全神贯注于。
Iwasabsorbedinabookanddidn’thearyoucall.
academic:
学院的,学校的,学业的。
academiclevels/challenges:
学业水平/学习中的挑战。
accident:
意外;incident:
小事件,政治事变或事件byaccident=bychance偶然
accept:
承认,接受(主观),receive:
收到(表客观),acceptAasB承认A是B,
Hewasacceptedasanexcellentteacheratlast.
Yesterdayhedid_______aninvitation,butherefusedto_____it.(B、A)
A.acceptB.receive
access:
进入,接近(to),haveaccessto:
有权进入….,能够使用到….accessibleadj.可以使用(或得到)的。
能进入的。
Sth.beaccessabletosb.某人容易使用到…
account:
accountfor…解释,描述。
Onaccountof…因为…takeaccountof…考虑到…。
accuse;指控,指责。
Accusesb.Ofsth…指控某人犯…;beaccusedof…被指控犯…。
achieve:
①完成,取得,达到achieveone’swork/success/one’sgoal;achievethegoalofdoing…达到…..目标。
achievements:
成就,成绩Heachieved/gainedgreat/brilliantachievementsinwritingnovels.
acquire:
学习(一般指天生的习得);而learn指课堂学习。
Englishacquiredability.
across:
①横穿而过(从物体表面);through:
穿过(从物件内部);over:
跨过(从物体上方);past:
经过(从物件旁边);along:
经过(从物体边沿)
Hewent______theriveranddidn’tfindaboattogo_____it.
A.over,acrossB.along,acrossC.along,overD.past,through
act:
①vi.行为,演出,Vt.担当,演……角色(=playthepartof)n.法令,条例actas=workas=serveas担当,充当
Whowill_____Shakespeareinthefilm?
A.actB.actasC.playapartpf(A)
①action.n.行为,行动,措施takeactions采取行动,takemeasures采取措施
active:
adj.积极的,活跃的take(an)activepartin积极参加……,beactiveinsth./doingsth.在……方面很积极。
live/leadanactivelife过着活跃的生活。
actual:
①现实的,实际的(现实存在,不是想象中的);real:
真实的(不是假的)rue:
真实的
(不是inactuallife,arealgoldring,atruestory②actually:
adv.实际上,确实=infact/inreality/asamatteroffact=really
adapt:
(使适应。
dapt(oneself)to…(使适应..adaptAforB:
把A改编/改写/改造成adaptfrom…根据……改编。
add:
①vt.加add…to…把……加到……上
Two_____tothreemakesfive.A.addedB.addingC.isaddedD.beingadded(A)
②addto增加,(=increase)Thebadweatheraddedtoourdifficulties.
③addup把加Pleaseaddupallthefigures.
④addupto合计为=cometo=amountto
addict:
vt.使……沉溺,be/getaddictedto对……上瘾
Theyoungmangetsaddictedtodrugs.
address:
①n地址②v寄.=postheaddressedalettertome.
adjust:
adjust(oneself)to…使自己适宜于……;adaptto适应于=agreewith
admire:
admiresb.For(doing)sth.因……而钦佩某人;envy:
妒忌,羡慕envysb.sth.
admit:
①vi/vt.admit(to)sth.承认……admissionn.②让……进入,接纳admitab.to/into…允许某人进入……beadmittedtoschool/hospital,允许进入……,③admitdoingsth.允许做……承认做……④admit+从句⑤admttof…=allowof…容许有……Thematteradmitsofnodelay.容纳=hold=seatTheroomcanadmit200persons.
adopt:
采纳,接受(=accept),收养。
adoptone’ssuggestion.
advance:
advancetowardsaplace:
向……前进advanceinsth.在……方面有增长;advancetoaplace:
到达……;advanceon/upon…逼近,进攻;inadvance:
提前=aheadoftime;inadvanceof…在……之前,比……前进。
Advancing=developing:
发展中的,advanced:
发达的,高级的,进步的。
advantage:
优点,好处takeadvantageof…利用……=makeuseof;have/takeanadvantageoverothers对……有优势。
disadvantage:
不足,可数名词。
advice:
①忠告,劝告(不可数),tip:
劝告,可数,apieceofadvice一条劝告,givesb.someadviceon(howtodo)sth就……给某人提建议,take/followone’sadvice采纳某人的建议,ask(sb.)foradvice征询某人的建议,dosth.onone’sadvice按某人的建议做……
②advise:
v.(BE)=advicev.(AE)advisesb.todosth.劝某人做……,advisesb.nottodosth=advisesb.againstdoingsth.劝/建议某人不要做……,advisedoingsth.建议做……;但suggest可用suggest:
(one’s/sb.)doingsth,不用suggestsb.todosth.
I____theladygothereatonce.A.suggestedB.advisedC.hopedD.wished(A)
affair:
泛指“事务,事情,事件”,affairs:
表重大“事务或事态”;event:
指有重大意义的历史事件;business:
生意,公事on/inbusiness,gointobusiness;matter问题
Businessbeforepleasure.Thereareseveralmatterstobedealtwithatthemeeting.
affect:
vt.影响effevtn.haveaneffecton…=affect…对…有影响.haveno/much/great/little…effecton/upon对什么没有/有很大/重大/很小,几乎没有影响.effectiveadj.有效的
afford:
①负担起(……的费用)可接名词,代词或todo……,常与can.could,beableto连用于否定句或问句中.
hispoorfamilycan’taffordhiseducation.Ican’taffordtobuyacaratpresent.
②抽得出时间=spare但spare可sparesb.+时间Hecan’taffordtimeforthecinema.Icanspareyoutwohours.我能为你抽出两个小时.③提供affordsb.sth.=offersb.sth./offersth.tosb.=supplysthto/forsb./supplysb.Withsth.=providesb.Withsth./providesthfor/tosb.Failureaffordusexperience.
afraid:
beafraidtodo…害怕做……,beafraidof(doing)sth.担心做……beafraid+句子,beafraidnot/so恐怕不行/恐怕如此(对句子的省略回答).Idon’twanttobeawaitressbecauseI’mafraid____dishesfrequently.A.onbreakingB.tobreak(A)
after:
①表过去一段时间以后或将来某个时刻以后,反义词是before指从过去算起时间以前或将来某个时刻以前;而指将来一段时间以后,反义词是ago指从现在算起一段里头以前.②afterall毕竟,终究,aboveall首先,最重要的是(作入语),指重要性;firstofall首先,最重要的是,指顺序或重要性,inall=intotal=altogether总共,atall根本.wecan’tblamehimforwhathedid;____heisachild.A.atallB.inallC.afterallD.aboveall(C)
agree:
①agreetosth.同意,成(plan/arrangement/suggestion/…②agreewothsb.(或decision,view,opinion,或某人的话)同意,成;与……一致,适合(天气,食物等)hemovedtobiijingbecausehe____theweatherhere.(A)A.didn’tagreewithB.wasn’tsuitableforC.wasn’tfitforD.didn’tagreeto③agreetodosth.同意,成做……④agreeonsth.在…….取得一致⑤agree+句子,同意……⑥反义词:
disagree,名词:
agreement:
契约,协议reach/cometo/arriveat/makeanagreementwith…onsth.与……就…….达成协议.
aid:
do/give/offerfirstaidtosb=do/give/offersb.firstaid对某人进行急救;go援救某人
aim:
n./v.目标,目的,瞄准takeaimat…=aimat…瞄准……目的在于……aimsthatsth用什么瞄准什么东西,aimyourgunat….,用枪瞄准……aim…at…旨在…;aimtodosth目的在于做…chinahaslongbeenaleaderinthefieldofgeneticresearch____atimporovingagriculture.A.aimedB.aimingC.toaim(A)
hehasaimedatenteringakeyuniversity.
air:
①intheair在空中,在流传,悬而未决;ontheair在广播中;byair乘飞机等(=byplane)lintheopenair在野外②vt.使通风,晾干airyourclothes
all:
all,both,each,every,everybody,everything,complete,completely,always,whole,wholly,entirely,altogether等是总括含义代词形容词和副词等,与否定词not连用,构成部分否定,表示“不都,并非都”.而全否定要用no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,noone,nowhere,nomore,nolong,noway等,表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”.
allow:
①allowdoing…允许做…..②allowsb.todo….允许某人做
Studentsaren’tallowed____inschool.A.tosmokeB.smoking(A)
③allowfor…考虑到,体谅,顾及。
Ittakesaboutanhourtogetthere,allowingforpossibletrafficdelays.
④allowof…容许,容得themeetingallowsofnodelay.
⑤allowsb.sth.同意给某人…….
alive:
loving,lovely,lovely,alive,live的区别:
aliveadj.“活着的”,作后置定语,表语,补足语等,不作前置定语;keptstholive
live:
作定语,“活的,有生命的,活生生的,生机勃勃的,燃着的,实况转播的”,还可作动词,alivefish,livecoal燃着的煤,alivefootballmatch一场直播的足球;aliveyoungman一个生机勃勃的年轻人;
livingadj.“有生命的,活着的”,作前置定语或表语(还可作名词makealiving),修饰人或物,livingbeings/things生物;
lively:
“生动的,活跃的,充满生气的”alivelyandinterestingclass;
lovelyadj.可爱的alovelygirl.
Whileapersonisasleep,apartofhisbrainisstill____.
A.activeB.aliveC.awakeD.aware(A)
Languageisa____andcontinuallychangingthing.
A.liveB.aliveC.livelyD.living(D)
almost:
“几乎”=nearly,但almost不能位于very后;nearly不能和any,no,none,never,nothing等连用,notnearly“决不,远非”=farfrom;almostnot“几乎不”
Iamfarfrom_____withwhathesaid.(A)
A.satisfiedB.satisfyingC.beingsatisfied
alone:
①adj.“单独的”,作表语或补足语,表客观事实;lonely:
“孤独的,荒凉的,偏僻的”,可带感情色彩.
②adv.单独地,独自alone=onone’sown=byoneself单独地,leavesb.alone别打扰某人,把某人单独下
Theoldmanlivesaloneinalonelyhouse,buthedoesn’tfeellonelybecausehecanmakealivingalone.
aloud:
出声(侧重,由无声到有声)loud大声地(侧重声音由低到高).
Pleasespeakloud.Ican’thearyouclearly.
although:
①conj.虽然=though,不与but,so,and连用,可与yet,still连用.
②Although:
常位于句首,不用倒装;though:
位于句中或句首,可倒可不倒装;as常位于句首,要倒装(即副词,形容词,省冠词的名词,动词原形提前),它们都接句子;inspiteof=despite是介词短语,接名词或动名词.
_____gettinghighmarksintheexaminations,heisstillworkinghard.
A.InspiteofB.AlthoughC.ThoughD.Incaseof
amaze:
vt.使……感到非常吃惊.①amazesb.②beamazedatsth对……感到吃惊.③beamazedtodosth④Iwasamazed+句子.amazing表示令人惊奇的事物;amazed表示人感到惊奇.
among:
在……之间(多者);between:
在……之间(两者);betweenAandB
another:
泛指多者中另外“一个或几个”threemoreboys=anotherthreeboys;theother两者中另外“一个”one…theother…一个……另一个;theothers=theother+可复:
“另外一些”,指全部;others=other+可复:
“另外一些”,指部分
Ineed____studentstohelpmecarrythebooksbesidesTomandPeter.
A.threeotherB.threeanotherC.anotherthreeD.otherthree(C)
answer:
答复,回答answertheletter/door/phone/question,answerfor对……负责,受到报应,answeraquestion=replytoaquestion;ananswer/akeyto………的答案
anxious:
adj.渴望的,忧虑的(anxietyn.)beanx