专八人文知识材料英美概况.docx

专八人文知识材料英美概况.docx

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专八人文知识材料英美概况

人文知识

英语国家社会与文化

主要题型

1.自然地理概况

2011

31.ThenorthernmostpartofGreatBritainis_______.

A.NorthernIrelandB.WalesC.EnglandD.Scotland

2009

32.ThecapitalofScotlandis________.

A.GlasgowB.EdinburghC.ManchesterD.London

2.历史

2011

32.Itisgenerallyagreedthat_______werethefirstEuropeanstoreachAustralia’sshores.

A.theFrenchB.theDutchC.theBritishD.theGermans

2010

34.TheEmancipationProclamationtoendtheslaveryplantationsystemintheSouthoftheUSwasissuedby________.

A.AbrahamLincolnB.ThomasPaine

C.GeorgeWashingtonD.ThomasJefferson

3.政治（现状）

2009

31.TheHeadofStateofNewZealandis________.

A.thegovernor-generalB.thePrimeMinister

C.thehighcommissionerD.themonarchoftheUnitedKingdom

2008

AccordingtotheUnitedStatesConstitution,thelegislativepowerisinvestedin_______.

A.thefederalgovernmentB.theSupremeCourt

C.theCabinetD.theCongress

4.风俗传统

2008年

WhichofthefollowingistheoldestsportintheUnitedStates?

A.baseballB.tennisC.basketballD.Americanfootball

考题回顾：

1999年:

1.TheObserver

2.ThegeographicallocationofNorthAmerica

3.TheolduniversitiesinU.K.

4.WestminsterPalace

2000年:

1.ThetitlesofEnglishnobility

2.ThefeaturesofIrishlandscape

3.ThelongestriverinBritain

4.ThelegislativebranchinU.K.

5.TheHundredYears’War

2001年:

1.ThefoundingofHarvard

2.ThesettlementofAnglo-Saxons

3.TheofficialnameofU.K.

4.TheeconomicactivityofCanada

2002年:

1.WallStreet—thefinancialcenter

2.BigBen,BenjaminHall

3.ThecompulsoryeducationinU.K.

4.ThreebranchesofU.S.A.government

2003年:

1.ThelocationofCalifornia

2.Britishnewsagency

3.ThefoundingfathersofU.S.A.

4.ThegeographyofCanada

2004年:

1.1920sinU.S.A.

2.ThelargestriverinU.S.A.

3.ThediscoveryoftheNewWorld

4.ThefirstsettlementinAmerica

2005年:

1.ThecapitalcityofCanada

2.Howlongthe.Presidentserves

3.TheimportantcitiesinU.S.A.

4.ThestatechurchinEngland

2006年:

1.ThePresidentduringtheAmericanCivilWarwas_________.

A.AndrewJacksonB.AbrahamLincoln

C.ThomasJeffersonD.GeorgeWashington

2.ThecapitalofNewZealandis____________.

A.ChristchurchB.AucklandC.WellingtonD.Hamilton

3.WhowerethenativesofAustraliabeforethearrivaloftheBritishsettlers?

A.theAboriginesB.theMaoriC.theIndiansD.theEskimos

4.ThePrimeMinisterinBritainisheadof__________.

A.theShadowCabinetB.theParliament

C.theOppositionD.theCabinet

2007年:

1.ThecurrentpopulationintheUnitedKingdomaredescendantsofallthefollowingtribesexcept________.

A.theAnglosB.theCeltsC.theJutesD.theSaxons

2.TheHeadofStateofCanadaisrepresentedby_______.

A.theMonarchB.thePresident

C.thePrimeMinisterD.theGovernor-General

3.TheDeclarationofIndependencewaswrittenby__________.

A.ThomasJeffersonB.GeorgeWashington

C.AlexanderHamiltonD.JamesMadison

4.TheoriginalinhabitantsofAustraliais_________.

A.TheRedIndiansB.theEskimos

C.theAboriginesD.TheMaoris

2008年:

1.ThelargestcityinCanadais___________.

A.VancouverB.MontrealC.TorontoD.Ottawa

2.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesConstitution,thelegislativepowerisinvestedin_______.

A.thefederalgovernmentB.theSupremeCourt

C.theCabinetD.theCongress

3.WhichofthefollowingistheoldestsportintheUnitedStates?

A.baseballB.tennisC.basketballD.Americanfootball

4.TheheadoftheexecutivebranchinNewZealandis_________.

A.thePresidentB.theGovernor-General

C.theBritishMonarchD.thePrimeMinister

5.TheCanterburyTales,thecollectionofstoriestoldbyagroupofPilgrimsontheirwaytoCanterbury,isanimportantpoeticworkby__________.

A.WilliamLanglandB.GeoffreyChaucer

C.WilliamShakespeareD.AlfredTennyson

2009年:

1.TheHeadofStateofNewZealandis___________.

A.theGovernor-GeneralB.thePrimeMinister

C.thehighCommissionerD.theMonarchoftheUnitedKingdom

2.TheCapitalofScotlandis___________.

A.GlasgowB.EdinburghC.ManchesterD.London

3.WhowrotetheDeclarationofIndependenceandbecametheUnitedStatesofAmerica?

A.ThomasJeffersonB.GeorgeWashington

C.ThomasPaineD.JohnAdams

4.WhichofthefollowingcitiesislocatedontheeasterncoastofAustralia?

A.PerthB.AdelaideC.SydneyD.Melbourne

2010年

1.WhichofthefollowingisIncorrect?

A.TheBritishConstitutionincludestheMagnaCartaof1215.

B.TheBritishConstitutionincludesParliamentaryacts.

C.TheBritishConstitutionincludesdecisionsmadebycourtsoflaw.

D.TheBritishConstitutionincludesonesinglewrittenconstitution.

2.ThefirstcityeverfoundedinCanadais______.

A.QuebecB.VancouverC.TorontoD.Montreal

3.WhendidtheAustralianFederationofficiallycomeintobeing?

A.1770B.1788C.1900D.1901

4.TheEmancipationProclamationtoendtheslaveryplantationsystemintheSouthoftheUnitedStateswasissuedby_____.

A.AbrahamLincolnB.ThomasPaineC.GeorgeWashingtonD.ThomasJefferson

2011年：

1.ThenorthernmostpartofGreatBritainis:

A.NorthernIrelandB.ScotlandC.EnglandD.Wales

2.Itisgenerallyagreedthat________werethefirstEuropeanstoreachAustralia’sshores.

A.theFrenchB.theGermansC.theBritishD.theDutch

3.WhichisknownastheLandofMapleLeaf?

A.CanadaB.NewZealandC.GreatBritainD.TheU.S.A.

2012年：

1.TheMaoripeoplearenativesof___________.

A.NewZealandB.AustraliaC.IrelandD.Canada

2.TheBritishmonarchistheHeadof__________.

A.ParliamentB.GovernmentC.StateD.Government

3.AmericanscelebrateIndependenceDayon___________.

A.October11thB.July4thC.May31stD.September6th

4.CanadaisboundedontheNorthby___________.

A.theGreatLakesB.theAtlanticOcean

C.thePacificOceanD.theArcticOcean

TheUnitedKingdom

自然地理概况:

1.Officialname:

theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland

GeographicalNames:

BritishIsles,GreatBritainandEngland

2.UnionJack:

thenationalflagofU.K.

3.Geographicalposition:

theEnglishChannel

4.Fourpoliticaldivisions:

England（London）,Scotland（Edinburgh）,Wales（Cardiff）,NorthernIreland（Belfast）

5.TheCommonwealth:

afreeassociationofindependentcountries

6.RiversandLakes:

theSevern;Thames;RiverClyde;LoughNeagh

7.Mountains:

BenNevis（thehighest）;Scafell（thehighestinEngland）;Snowdonia（thehighestinWales）

8.ThePeople:

English（Anglo-Saxons）;（theCelts）Welsh;Scottish;Irish.

9.Eisteddfodau

10.Placesofhistoricalinterest:

theTowerofLondon（WilliamtheConqueror）;BigBen;PalaceofWestminster（HousesofParliament）;WestminsterAbbey（coronation,weddingceremony）;St.Paul’sCathedral（London;ProtestantChurch）;TowerBridge（1894;suspensionbridgeclosetotheTowerofLondon;RiverThames）;Speakers’Corner（LondonHydePark）

历史备考点:

TheOriginsofaNation

1.Thefirstknownsettlers—Iberians

2.TheCelts（700.）:

threewaves—Gaels;Brythons;Belgae

3.Romans:

JuliusCaesar（55.）;Claudius（43AD,successfulinvasion）;Christianity

4.TheAnglo-Saxons:

threeGermanictribes（Jutes,Anglos,Saxons）

5.TheVikingandDanes:

AlfredtheGreat—“thefatheroftheBritishnavy”

6.TheNormanConquest:

1066,thebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory

TheShapingoftheNation

1.TheGreatCharter:

1215,KingJohn,thestatementoftherelationshipbetweentheCrownandthebaron;aguaranteeofthefreedomoftheChurch;alimitationofthepoweroftheking（thespiritoftheGreatCharterorMagnaCarta）

2.Thebeginningofparliament:

AllEstatesParliament—SimondeMontfort,1265

3.BlackDeath:

thedeadlyepidemicdisease;the14thcentury;reducedthepopulationfrom4millionto2million;

4.TheHundredYears’War（1337—1453）

4.ThePeasantUprising:

1381,WatTyler（killed）andJackStraw;torebelthePollTax;atellingblowtovilleinage.

TransitiontotheModernAge

1.TheWarsofRoses（1455-1485）:

thebattlesbetweenLancaster（redrose）andYork（whiterose）

2.TheEnglishReformation:

（1529-1534）HenryVIII,beganwithastrugglefordivorce（CatherineofAragon）andendedinthefreedomfromthePapacy

3.BloodyMary:

300Protestants

4.ElizabethI:

thedefeatofArmada（theSpanishfleet）

5.TheEnglishRenaissance:

（rebirth）largelyartistic;ElizabethanDrama（ChristopherMarlowe,BenJohnsonandWilliamShakespeare）

6.TheDivineRightsofKings:

CharlesI

7.TheCivilWars（1642-1646;1647-1649）:

betweentheCavaliersandRoundheads;OliverCromwell

8.TheRestoration

9.TheGloriousRevolution:

1688,thesmoothtakeoverofEnglishthronebyWilliamofOrange

10.TheBillofRights（1689）andtheconstitutionalmonarchy

11.TheGunpowderPlotof1605:

GuyFawkes;anationalannualcelebration（bonfireandfireworkdisplay）onthe5thofNovember

12.1707,theActofUnionjoinedEnglandandScotland（Anne）

1801:

theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland

1921:

theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland

TheBritishEmpire

1.WhigsandTories（theforerunneroftheConservativeParty）

2.TheEnclosureMovement

3.TheIndustrialRevolution:

themechanizationofindustry;thelate18thandearly19thcentury

4.TheChartistMovement（1836-1848）—“thefirstbroad,reallymass,politicalformed,proletarianrevolutionarymovement”（Lenin）

5.TheLaborParty

6.Thefirstcolony—Newfoundland,1583

7.TheEastIndianCompany

8.TheOpiumWar:

1840

9.WWI:

theCentralPower（GermanyandAustria-Hungary）;the“Allies”（Britain,FranceandRussia）

10.TheRoaringTwenties:

womenwithcroppedhairandshor