考研英语基础班写作讲义.docx
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考研英语基础班写作讲义
考研基础班网络课堂写作讲义
北京新东方学校王江涛
第一节考研写作总论
一、课程安排:
1、考研写作总论:
评卷实例、复习计划、学习方法、大纲解读
2、应用文:
书信类、告示类
3、段落写作:
真题透视、框架结构、启承转合
4、两图写作(00、03、06、07)
5、一图写作(98、01、02、04、05)
6、图表作文
二、评卷实例:
2001年真题
Directions:
Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest,buteveryonehadhis/herownunderstandingofit.
Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothenewspaperto
1)showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow,
2)giveaspecificexample,and
3)giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoshowlove.
1、20分范文:
Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest.Itisoftheutmostimportancetothehumanbeings.Everybodynotonlyneedslove,butalsoshouldgivelove.
Asisdescribedinthepicture,“loveisalampwhichisbrighterindarkerplaces.”Thisisindeedtrue.Peopleindarkerplacesneedmorelightthanordinarypeople.Maybeevenadimlightcangivethemmuchhopeforabetterlifeandprogress.Maybeevenadimlightcangivethemmuchhopeforabetterlifeandprogress.Maybejustathreadoflightwillcallforththeirstrengthandcouragetostepoutoftheirdifficulties.
Forinstancewhensomeoneisstarvingtodeath,justalittlefoodandwaterfromyoumaysavehislife.Orwhenalittlegirlinapoorruralareadropsoutofschoolbecauseofpoverty,justasmallsumofmoneyfromyoumaysupporthertofinishherschoolingandchangeherlife,youhavegivenlovewhichislikealampinadarkplacewherelightismostneeded.
Sotosumup,weshouldofferourhelptoallwhoareinneed.Weexpecttogetlovefromothersandwealsogivelovetootherssowhenyouseesomeoneindifficultyorindistressandinneedofhelp,don’thesitatetogiveyourlovetohim.Ibelievethentherelationshipbetweenpeoplewillbeharmoniousandoursocietywillbeabetterplaceforustolivein.
2、18分范文
Itisgenerallybelievedthatloveisahottopicwhichismosttalkedabout.ThisistruenotonlyinChinabutalsoinothercountries.Weliveindifferentcountries,speakdifferentlanguages,butloveissomethingcommontousall.Buthowtoshowlovemaybedifferentwithdifferentpeopleindifferentcountries.Thisissomethingweshouldgivemorethoughtto.
Asisshowninthepicture,loveislikealampwhichshinesbrightestindarkplaces.Thistellsusasimpletruth:
Loveislikealamp.Itismostvaluablewhenitismostneeded.Forexample,onceIsawaforeignladygetlostinthestreet.ShecouldnotspeakChineseandnobodyseemedtobeabletohelpher.ThoughmyEnglishisnotverygoodandIamashyperson,Ithoughtsheneededhelpverymuch.Iaskedherwhatshewanted.Shetoldmeshelostherway,soIshowedherthewaytoherhotel.Itwasasmallthingbutshethankedmeverymuchbecausemyhelpwasneededverymuch.Myhelpwaslikealampindarkplaces.
Ithinkweallshouldbelikealampinadarkplace,showingourlove,givingourhelptoothers,eventostrangers.Inthisway,wecanmakethisworldaharmoniousandpeacefulworld.
三、复习计划:
1、考前复习:
1)攻克词汇:
2)精研真题:
词汇、句子结构、选项设置、英译汉、背诵
3)适当模考:
2、写作练习:
3、时间分配:
1)14:
00-14:
15写作A节
2)14:
15-14:
50写作B节
3)14:
50-16:
00阅读A节
4)16:
00-16:
20完型填空
5)16:
20-16:
40阅读B节
6)16:
40-17:
00阅读C节
第二节应用文
一、学习方法:
(一)提高实力:
1、十遍精读:
1)精彩词汇
2)精彩词组
3)精彩句型
4)句子结构:
简单句(主干+修饰成分)、从句、时态、冠词、主谓一致
5)段落结构:
总分总,主题句+论证(+小结)
6)关联词:
小作文3-5个,大作文5-7个
7)同义替换:
词汇+句型
8)代词替换:
it,that,they
9)精彩观点:
10)原因建议:
2、背诵:
滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善
3、默写:
发现写作弱点
4、中译英:
提高写作实力
5、写作:
模仿
(二)掌握技巧:
万能框架
二、大纲解读:
(一)评价目标:
考生应能写不同类型的应用文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等,还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。
短文写作时,考生应能:
1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确,用词恰当;
2)遵循文章的特定文体格式;
3)合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、连贯;
4)根据写作目的和特定读者,恰当使用语域。
(二)考试内容:
该部分由A、B两节组成,考查考生的书面表达能力。
总分30分。
A节:
考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
满分10分。
B节:
要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。
提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
满分20分。
(三)评分原则和方法:
1、虽然A、B两节的考查要点有所不同,但对考生写作能力的基本要求是相同的,所以一般评分标准对两节都适用。
但根据两节的不同考查要点,评分是会有不同的侧重点。
A节
应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域(指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象,所采用的话语方式,即正式、一般、非正式的话语)的恰当。
对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。
允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词,但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。
B节
B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的连贯组织性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。
2、评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来给分。
评分人员在档内有1-3分的调节分。
3、A节作文的字数要求是100词左右。
B节作文的字数要求是160-200词。
文章长度不符合要求的,酌情扣分。
4、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。
评分时,视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
5、如书写较差,以致影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。
三、书信格式:
(一)称呼
1、写给机构
1)不认识负责人:
DearSirorMadam,DearSir/Madam,Towhomitmayconcern,
2)认识负责人:
DearMr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,
DearPresident(Michael)Wang,
2、写给个人
1)关系不亲密:
DearMr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,
DearPresident(Michael)Wang,
2)关系亲密:
DearMichael,
(二)正文:
3段、7句、100-120词、3-5关联词、3-5从句
1、第一段:
2句
1)自我介绍
(1)Iamastaffmemberfromyourcompany/corporation.
(2)Iamafreshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduatefromtheDepartmentofChineseLanguageandLiteratureofBeijingUniversity.
2)写作目的:
Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeoforderingsomebooks/resigningfrommycurrentpost/position.
2、第二段:
3句
1)改写提纲一:
1句
2)改写提纲二:
1句
3)改写提纲三:
1句
3、第三段
1)表示感谢(私人建议信除外)
(1)Myappreciationtoyouforyourgeneroushelpisbeyondwords.
(2)WordsfailmewhenIwanttoexpressmysinceregratitudetoyou.
(3)Itakethisopportunitytoshowmyheartfeltappreciationforthekindassistanceyourenderedme.
2)期待回信
(1)Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply/hearingfromyousoon.
(2)Ilookforwardtoafavorablereplyatyourearliestconvenience.
(3)Yourpromptattentiontomyinquirywouldbehighlyappreciated.
(三)落款
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
四、书信类应用文:
1、大纲样题:
订购信
Directions:
YouarepreparingforanEnglishtestandareinneedofsomereferencebooks.Writealettertothesalesdepartmentofabookstoretoaskfor:
1)detailedinformationaboutthebooksyouwant,
2)methodsofpayment,
3)timeandwayofdelivery.
DearSirorMadam,
AsIamplanningtotaketheNationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MSCandidates(NETEM),IhavedecidedtoplaceanorderofsomeNETEMbookswithdueconsiderationofthegoodreputationofyourbookstoreandthehighqualityofyourbooks.
Firstly,pleasegivemeparticularaccountsasregardsnames,authors,publishinghousesandpricesofthesebooks.Secondly,Ialsoneedtoknowthetermsofpaymentandafter-sellservice.Thirdly,IwonderifitisconvenientforyoutodeliverthesebooksbyEMStotheheadquartersofBeijingNewOrientalSchoolbySeptember1,2007.Ihavearrangedtopayfortheservice.
Iwouldliketoexpressmygratitudeforyourkindconsiderationofmyrequests.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
第三节段落写作
一、书信类应用文
2、2005真题:
辞职信+道歉信
Directions:
Twomonthsago,yougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineFashion&Design.Butnowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.WritealettertoyourbossMr.Wang,tellinghimyourdecision,statingyourreason(s),andmakinganapology.
DearMr.Wang,
Iamwritingtoinformyouaboutmydecisiontoresignfrommycurrentposition.
Theprimaryreasonsareasfollows.First,aftertwomonths,Idofeelthatitisnoteasyformetogetusedtotheextraworkandnightshift.Second,thesalaryhasproventobemuchlowerthanyouoriginallypromised,andIhavealargefamilytosupport.Last,whatIhavelearnedintheuniversitycannotmeettherequirementofbeinganeditor.
IfeelterriblysorryfortheinconvenienceIhavecaused.Isincerelyhopethatyouapproveofmyresignation.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
3、2006真题:
请求信
Directions:
YouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtoachildinaremotearea,writealettertothedepartmentconcerned,askingthemtohelpfindacandidate.Youshouldspecifywhatkindofchildyouwanttohelpandhowyouwillcarryoutyourplan.Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
Don'tsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,use"LiMing"instead.Don'twritetheaddress.(10points)
Towhomitmayconcern,
Asastudentwhocansupportmyself,IamwritingtorequestifyoucanhelpmefindapotentialbeneficiaryofProjectHope.
Iwonderwhetheritisconvenientforyouiftwothingsregardingthechildaretakenintoaccount.First,thechildshouldcomefromSichuanProvincebecauseIintendtohelpachildfrommyhometown.Second,itwillbebetterifheorsheisaprimaryschoolstudentwhowasforcedtodropschoolbecauseofabjectpoverty.
Iwouldliketohelptherecipientofmyassistanceannuallyuntilhegraduatesfromcollege.Firstly,themoneywillcoverhistuitionfeeandotherexpensesatschool.Besides,Iwillcorrespondwithhimfrequentlysothathecanseekadvicewheneverheneeds.Yourpromptattentiontomyinquirywouldbehighlyappreciated.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
4、备忘录/报告:
Directions:
Youarethepresidentofacompany.WriteamemotoPercyShelley,thevice-presidentontheemployee’strainingoncomputer,tellinghimtheneedtotraintheemployees,detailedinformation,andaskhimtowriteaplan.
Date:
January20,2007
To:
PercyShelley,VicePresident
From:
LiMing,President
Subject:
ComputerTrainingoftheStaff
Aswediscussedearlierthisweek,Iagreewithyouthatourfirmisfacedupwithproblemofthehighrateofcomputerilliteracyofthestaff.Weneedtomakeupaplanfortrainingouremployeesinthenewfield.
Iwouldlikeyoutodesignourownin-housecomputer-trainingprogram.Wehadbetterclassifytheemployeesandputthemthroughtheprograminturn.
Writeupabriefproposal,describingwhatyouthinktheprogramshouldcover.Assumetheclassrunsfourhoursaweekfortenweeks.Al