考研英语基础班写作讲义.docx

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考研英语基础班写作讲义.docx

考研英语基础班写作讲义

考研基础班网络课堂写作讲义

北京新东方学校王江涛

第一节考研写作总论

一、课程安排:

1、考研写作总论:

评卷实例、复习计划、学习方法、大纲解读

2、应用文:

书信类、告示类

3、段落写作:

真题透视、框架结构、启承转合

4、两图写作(00、03、06、07)

5、一图写作(98、01、02、04、05)

6、图表作文

二、评卷实例:

2001年真题

Directions:

Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest,buteveryonehadhis/herownunderstandingofit.

Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothenewspaperto

1)showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow,

2)giveaspecificexample,and

3)giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoshowlove.

1、20分范文:

Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest.Itisoftheutmostimportancetothehumanbeings.Everybodynotonlyneedslove,butalsoshouldgivelove.

Asisdescribedinthepicture,“loveisalampwhichisbrighterindarkerplaces.”Thisisindeedtrue.Peopleindarkerplacesneedmorelightthanordinarypeople.Maybeevenadimlightcangivethemmuchhopeforabetterlifeandprogress.Maybeevenadimlightcangivethemmuchhopeforabetterlifeandprogress.Maybejustathreadoflightwillcallforththeirstrengthandcouragetostepoutoftheirdifficulties.

Forinstancewhensomeoneisstarvingtodeath,justalittlefoodandwaterfromyoumaysavehislife.Orwhenalittlegirlinapoorruralareadropsoutofschoolbecauseofpoverty,justasmallsumofmoneyfromyoumaysupporthertofinishherschoolingandchangeherlife,youhavegivenlovewhichislikealampinadarkplacewherelightismostneeded.

Sotosumup,weshouldofferourhelptoallwhoareinneed.Weexpecttogetlovefromothersandwealsogivelovetootherssowhenyouseesomeoneindifficultyorindistressandinneedofhelp,don’thesitatetogiveyourlovetohim.Ibelievethentherelationshipbetweenpeoplewillbeharmoniousandoursocietywillbeabetterplaceforustolivein.

2、18分范文

Itisgenerallybelievedthatloveisahottopicwhichismosttalkedabout.ThisistruenotonlyinChinabutalsoinothercountries.Weliveindifferentcountries,speakdifferentlanguages,butloveissomethingcommontousall.Buthowtoshowlovemaybedifferentwithdifferentpeopleindifferentcountries.Thisissomethingweshouldgivemorethoughtto.

Asisshowninthepicture,loveislikealampwhichshinesbrightestindarkplaces.Thistellsusasimpletruth:

Loveislikealamp.Itismostvaluablewhenitismostneeded.Forexample,onceIsawaforeignladygetlostinthestreet.ShecouldnotspeakChineseandnobodyseemedtobeabletohelpher.ThoughmyEnglishisnotverygoodandIamashyperson,Ithoughtsheneededhelpverymuch.Iaskedherwhatshewanted.Shetoldmeshelostherway,soIshowedherthewaytoherhotel.Itwasasmallthingbutshethankedmeverymuchbecausemyhelpwasneededverymuch.Myhelpwaslikealampindarkplaces.

Ithinkweallshouldbelikealampinadarkplace,showingourlove,givingourhelptoothers,eventostrangers.Inthisway,wecanmakethisworldaharmoniousandpeacefulworld.

三、复习计划:

1、考前复习:

1)攻克词汇:

2)精研真题:

词汇、句子结构、选项设置、英译汉、背诵

3)适当模考:

2、写作练习:

3、时间分配:

1)14:

00-14:

15写作A节

2)14:

15-14:

50写作B节

3)14:

50-16:

00阅读A节

4)16:

00-16:

20完型填空

5)16:

20-16:

40阅读B节

6)16:

40-17:

00阅读C节

第二节应用文

一、学习方法:

(一)提高实力:

1、十遍精读:

1)精彩词汇

2)精彩词组

3)精彩句型

4)句子结构:

简单句(主干+修饰成分)、从句、时态、冠词、主谓一致

5)段落结构:

总分总,主题句+论证(+小结)

6)关联词:

小作文3-5个,大作文5-7个

7)同义替换:

词汇+句型

8)代词替换:

it,that,they

9)精彩观点:

10)原因建议:

2、背诵:

滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善

3、默写:

发现写作弱点

4、中译英:

提高写作实力

5、写作:

模仿

(二)掌握技巧:

万能框架

二、大纲解读:

(一)评价目标:

考生应能写不同类型的应用文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等,还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。

短文写作时,考生应能:

1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确,用词恰当;

2)遵循文章的特定文体格式;

3)合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、连贯;

4)根据写作目的和特定读者,恰当使用语域。

(二)考试内容:

该部分由A、B两节组成,考查考生的书面表达能力。

总分30分。

A节:

考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。

考生在答题卡2上作答。

满分10分。

B节:

要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。

提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。

考生在答题卡2上作答。

满分20分。

(三)评分原则和方法:

1、虽然A、B两节的考查要点有所不同,但对考生写作能力的基本要求是相同的,所以一般评分标准对两节都适用。

但根据两节的不同考查要点,评分是会有不同的侧重点。

A节

应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域(指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象,所采用的话语方式,即正式、一般、非正式的话语)的恰当。

对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。

允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词,但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。

B节

B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的连贯组织性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。

2、评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来给分。

评分人员在档内有1-3分的调节分。

3、A节作文的字数要求是100词左右。

B节作文的字数要求是160-200词。

文章长度不符合要求的,酌情扣分。

4、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。

评分时,视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。

英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

5、如书写较差,以致影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。

三、书信格式:

(一)称呼

1、写给机构

1)不认识负责人:

DearSirorMadam,DearSir/Madam,Towhomitmayconcern,

2)认识负责人:

DearMr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,

DearPresident(Michael)Wang,

2、写给个人

1)关系不亲密:

DearMr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,

DearPresident(Michael)Wang,

2)关系亲密:

DearMichael,

(二)正文:

3段、7句、100-120词、3-5关联词、3-5从句

1、第一段:

2句

1)自我介绍

(1)Iamastaffmemberfromyourcompany/corporation.

(2)Iamafreshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduatefromtheDepartmentofChineseLanguageandLiteratureofBeijingUniversity.

2)写作目的:

Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeoforderingsomebooks/resigningfrommycurrentpost/position.

2、第二段:

3句

1)改写提纲一:

1句

2)改写提纲二:

1句

3)改写提纲三:

1句

3、第三段

1)表示感谢(私人建议信除外)

(1)Myappreciationtoyouforyourgeneroushelpisbeyondwords.

(2)WordsfailmewhenIwanttoexpressmysinceregratitudetoyou.

(3)Itakethisopportunitytoshowmyheartfeltappreciationforthekindassistanceyourenderedme.

2)期待回信

(1)Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply/hearingfromyousoon.

(2)Ilookforwardtoafavorablereplyatyourearliestconvenience.

(3)Yourpromptattentiontomyinquirywouldbehighlyappreciated.

(三)落款

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

四、书信类应用文:

1、大纲样题:

订购信

Directions:

YouarepreparingforanEnglishtestandareinneedofsomereferencebooks.Writealettertothesalesdepartmentofabookstoretoaskfor:

1)detailedinformationaboutthebooksyouwant,

2)methodsofpayment,

3)timeandwayofdelivery.

DearSirorMadam,

AsIamplanningtotaketheNationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MSCandidates(NETEM),IhavedecidedtoplaceanorderofsomeNETEMbookswithdueconsiderationofthegoodreputationofyourbookstoreandthehighqualityofyourbooks.

Firstly,pleasegivemeparticularaccountsasregardsnames,authors,publishinghousesandpricesofthesebooks.Secondly,Ialsoneedtoknowthetermsofpaymentandafter-sellservice.Thirdly,IwonderifitisconvenientforyoutodeliverthesebooksbyEMStotheheadquartersofBeijingNewOrientalSchoolbySeptember1,2007.Ihavearrangedtopayfortheservice.

Iwouldliketoexpressmygratitudeforyourkindconsiderationofmyrequests.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

第三节段落写作

一、书信类应用文

2、2005真题:

辞职信+道歉信

Directions:

Twomonthsago,yougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineFashion&Design.Butnowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.WritealettertoyourbossMr.Wang,tellinghimyourdecision,statingyourreason(s),andmakinganapology.

DearMr.Wang,

Iamwritingtoinformyouaboutmydecisiontoresignfrommycurrentposition.

Theprimaryreasonsareasfollows.First,aftertwomonths,Idofeelthatitisnoteasyformetogetusedtotheextraworkandnightshift.Second,thesalaryhasproventobemuchlowerthanyouoriginallypromised,andIhavealargefamilytosupport.Last,whatIhavelearnedintheuniversitycannotmeettherequirementofbeinganeditor.

IfeelterriblysorryfortheinconvenienceIhavecaused.Isincerelyhopethatyouapproveofmyresignation.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

3、2006真题:

请求信

Directions:

  YouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtoachildinaremotearea,writealettertothedepartmentconcerned,askingthemtohelpfindacandidate.Youshouldspecifywhatkindofchildyouwanttohelpandhowyouwillcarryoutyourplan.Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

Don'tsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,use"LiMing"instead.Don'twritetheaddress.(10points)

Towhomitmayconcern,

Asastudentwhocansupportmyself,IamwritingtorequestifyoucanhelpmefindapotentialbeneficiaryofProjectHope.

Iwonderwhetheritisconvenientforyouiftwothingsregardingthechildaretakenintoaccount.First,thechildshouldcomefromSichuanProvincebecauseIintendtohelpachildfrommyhometown.Second,itwillbebetterifheorsheisaprimaryschoolstudentwhowasforcedtodropschoolbecauseofabjectpoverty.

Iwouldliketohelptherecipientofmyassistanceannuallyuntilhegraduatesfromcollege.Firstly,themoneywillcoverhistuitionfeeandotherexpensesatschool.Besides,Iwillcorrespondwithhimfrequentlysothathecanseekadvicewheneverheneeds.Yourpromptattentiontomyinquirywouldbehighlyappreciated. 

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

4、备忘录/报告:

Directions:

Youarethepresidentofacompany.WriteamemotoPercyShelley,thevice-presidentontheemployee’strainingoncomputer,tellinghimtheneedtotraintheemployees,detailedinformation,andaskhimtowriteaplan.

Date:

January20,2007

To:

PercyShelley,VicePresident

From:

LiMing,President

Subject:

ComputerTrainingoftheStaff

Aswediscussedearlierthisweek,Iagreewithyouthatourfirmisfacedupwithproblemofthehighrateofcomputerilliteracyofthestaff.Weneedtomakeupaplanfortrainingouremployeesinthenewfield.

Iwouldlikeyoutodesignourownin-housecomputer-trainingprogram.Wehadbetterclassifytheemployeesandputthemthroughtheprograminturn.

Writeupabriefproposal,describingwhatyouthinktheprogramshouldcover.Assumetheclassrunsfourhoursaweekfortenweeks.Al

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