第11讲阅读理解之观点态度题.docx
《第11讲阅读理解之观点态度题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第11讲阅读理解之观点态度题.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
第11讲阅读理解之观点态度题
第十一讲阅读理解之观点态度题
【考点说明】
阅读理解之观点态度题在考试中考察得比重不大，在有传统阅读题型的联盟考试（复旦千分考、北约、卓越同盟）中，一般观点态度题不超过一道题，有时不会出现，如复旦07年考了两道，但08年没有考察此类题型，09年再次出现。
尽管这类题所占比重不大，掌握考试技巧也是必备的。
【题型特点分析】
通常作者的观点或者态度往往会在文章的措辞、文体和结构中得以反映。
大多数文章采取比较客观和实事求是的态度，其写作意图是向读者提供信息。
但有时会在文章中表现出一些个人的感情色彩，或批评，或讽刺，或感叹。
要做对这类题，必须正确理解作者的真正观点，同时还要正确地推断作者的语气、态度，弄清作者写这篇文章的目的，作者的态度是肯定还是否定，以及文中的事实论据是否支持作者的论点等。
同时还必须体会作者的用词和其它修辞手段，例如比喻和讽刺。
常见的题干表现形式有：
It’stheauthor’sviewthat…
Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoward…?
Theauthor’sattitudetoward…couldbedescribedas…
Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’stoneinthepassage?
【解题技巧】
1.阅读时注意区分不同的文体。
议论文中，文章的主题句往往会暗示作者的态度，而记叙文则会通过描述性的语言表达作者的某种倾向。
2.推断分析作者态度或观点时，还需要结合文章的中心思想或主旨，尤其要找出作者的观点。
3.文章中会有许多能够表达作者观点的具有感情色彩（如褒义词或贬义词）的词语，这些词语在一定程度上是作者态度的反映。
如果文章中出现较多的褒义词，那作者的态度可能是正面的；相反，如果文中出现了较多的贬义词，那么作者的观点可能就是负面的。
4.常见表示支持、赞同的词汇包括：
positive肯定的，积极的；favorable赞成的；approval赞成的；enthusiastic热情的；optimistic乐观的；appreciative欣赏的。
5.常见表示反对、否定的词汇包括：
negative消极的，否定的；critical批判的；disapproving不赞同的；cynical愤世嫉俗的；scornful批判的；pessimistic悲观的。
6.常见表示客观、中立的词汇包括：
neutral中立的；impartial无偏见的；impersonal没有个人喜好的；objective客观的。
备注：
有些考察作者观点态度的题目选项中给出的不是评价态度的词汇，而是一些句子，其实表达目的是相似的，如：
Theattitudeoftheauthoristhat______.
A.shehatesatraditionofall-womenschools
B.shecallsonwomeninsupportoftheprotest
C.shedislikesthechangeandhopestofilealawsuit
D.sheobjectivelydescribesthenewanduneasycoeducation
A选项中的hate显然表明作者的态度是反对的，B选项的callonsb.insupportof表明作者的态度是支持的，C选项的dislike表示作者的态度是不喜欢，比A选项的hate程度稍微弱些，D选项的objectively是关键词，属于上面第六点提到的内容，表明作者客观中立的态度。
因此，大家要学会灵活识别态度表达方式，可以是单词，可以是短语，也可以是句子。
【典例精讲】
A
Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel"storeintherefrigerator".
Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplusbreadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearson,fooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.
Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted:
naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...
Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing—marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.
Consequently,mostoftheworld'sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificially-heatedhouse—whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.
Thefridge'seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon'tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers,butatleastyou'llgetridofthatterriblehum.
Q:
Whatistheauthor'soverallattitudetowardfridges?
A.Neutral.B.Critical.C.Objective.D.Compromising.
【答案】B
【解析】这是一篇讲述冰箱给人们生活带来变化以及作者使用冰箱的想法的文章。
文章虽然—开始就说Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity，但作者也迅速在第二段表明Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood，Iwasfedwellandhealthily，并回忆了当年没有冰箱的生活。
第三段的第一句Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation也明显带有作者的观点。
全文的诸多细节都可以看出作者的态度是批评的。
B
Engineeringstudentsaresupposedtobeexamplesofpracticalityandrationality,butwhenitcomestomycollegeeducation,Iamanidealistandafool.Inhighschool,Iwantedtobeanelectricalengineerandofcourse,anysensiblestudentwithmyaimswouldhavechosenacollegewithalargeengineeringdepartment,famousreputationandlotsofgoodlabsandresearchequipment.Butthat'snotwhatIdid.
Ichosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-artsuniversitythatdoesn'tevenofferamajorinelectricalengineering.Obviously,thiswasnotapracticalchoice;Icamehereformorenoblereasons.Iwantedabroadeducationthatwouldprovidemewithflexibilityandavaluesystemtoguidemeinmycareer.Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmyvisionbyinteractingwithpeoplewhoweren'tstudyingscienceorengineering.Myparents,teachersandotheradultspraisedmeforsuchasensiblechoice.TheytoldmeIwaswiseandmaturebeyondmy18years,andIbelievedthem.
IheadedofftocollegesureIwasgoingtohaveanadvantageoverthosestudentswhowenttobigengineering"factories"wheretheydidn'tcareifyouhadvaluesorwereflexible,Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer:
technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanistallinone.
NowI'mnotsosure.Somewherealongthewaymynobleidealscrashedintoreality,asallnobleidealseventuallydo.Afterthreeyearsofstrugglingtobalancemath,physicsandengineeringcourseswithliberal-artscourses,Ihavelearnedtherearereasonswhyfewengineeringstudentstrytoreconcileengineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollege.
Therealitythathasblockedmypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudentisthatengineeringandtheliberalartssimplydon'tmixaseasilyasIassumedinhighschool.Individuallytheyshapeapersoninverydifferentways:
togethertheythreatentoconfuse.Thestruggletoreconcilethetwofieldsofstudyisdifficult.
Q:
Theauthorsexperienceshowsthathewas.
A.creativeB.unrealisticC.ambitiousD.irrational
【答案】B
【解析】这是一篇关于文科和工科互不兼容的说明文。
作者用自己的亲身经历告诉我们他当时报考文科学校读工科的原因，并经过自己三年的挣扎，意识到工科和文科难以协调在同一个人身上，文章不时流露出表达自己情感态度的语句。
尤其在文章的最后Therealitythathasblockedmypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudentisthatengineeringandtheliberalartssimplydon'tmixaseasilyasIassumedinhighschool.更是点出作者当年的“不切实际”。
C
AssoonasitwasrevealedthatareporterforProgressivemagazinehaddiscoveredhowtomakeahydrogenbomb,agroupoffirearmfansformedtheNationalHydrogenBombAssociation,andtheyarenowlobbyingagainstanylegislationtostopAmericansfromowningone.
"TheConstitution,"saidtheassociation’sspokesman,"giveseveryonetherighttoownarms.Itdoesn'tspelloutwhatkindofarms.Butsinceanyonecannowmakeahydrogenbomb,thepublicshouldbeabletobuyittoprotectthemselves."
"Don'tyouthinkit'sdangeroustohaveoneinthehouse,particularlywheretherearechildrenaround?
"
"TheNationalHydrogenBombAssociationhopestoeducatepeopleinthesafehandlingofthistypeofweapon.Weareinstructingownerstokeepthebombinalockedcabinetandthefuseseparatelyinadrawer."
"'Somepeopleconsiderthehydrogenbombaveryfatalweaponwhichcouldkillsomebody."
Thespokesmansaid,"Hydrogenbombsdon'tkillpeople—peoplekillpeople.Thetombisforself-protectionanditalsohasadeterrenteffect.Ifsomebodyknowsyouhaveanuclearweaponinyourhouse,they'regoingtothinktwiceaboutbreakingin."
"ButthosewhowanttobanthebombforAmericancitizensclaimthatifyouhaveonelockedinthecabinet,withthefuseinadrawer,youwouldneverbeabletoassembleitintimetostopanintruder."
"Anotherargumentagainstallowingpeopletoownabombisthatatthemomentitisveryexpensivetobuildone.Sowhatyourassociationisbackingisaprogramwhichwouldallowthemiddleandupperclassestoacquireabombwhilepoorpeoplewillbeleftdefenselesswithjusthandguns."
Q:
Fromthetoneofthepassageweknowthattheauthoris.
A.doubtfulaboutthenecessityofkeepingH-bombsathomeforsafety
B.unhappywiththosewhovoteagainsttheownershipofH-bombs
C.notseriousabouttheprivateownershipofH-bombs
D.concernedaboutthespreadofnuclearweapons
【答案】D
【解析】这是一篇论述美国人是否应该拥有氢弹的说明文。
短文第一段引入主题后提出自己的观点，但用了大量的篇幅来说明正反两方的观点，再结合文章的主题，我们不难知道作者对该事件是非常关注的。
D
I’musuallyfairlyskepticalaboutanyresearchthatconcludesthatpeopleareeitherhappierorunhappierormoreorlesscertainofthemselvesthantheywere50yearsago.Whileanyofthesestatementsmightbetrue,theyarepracticallyimpossibletoprovescientifically.Still,Iwasstruckbyareportwhichconcludedthattoday'schildrenaresignificantlymoreanxiousthanchildreninthe1950s.Infact,theanalysisshowed,normalchildrenaged9to17exhibitahigherlevelofanxietytodaythanchildrenwhoweretreatedformentalillness50yearsago.
WhyareAmerica'skidssostressed?
Thereportcitestwomaincauses:
increasingphysicalisolation—broughtonbyhighdivorceratesandlessinvolvementincommunity,amongotherthings—andagrowingperceptionthattheworldisamoredangerousplace.
Giventhatwecan'tturntheclockback,adultscanstilldoplentytohelpthenextgenerationcope.
Atthetopofthelistisnurturingabetterappreciationofthelimitsofindividualism.Nochildisanisland.Strengtheningsocialtieshelpsbuildcommunitiesandprotectindividualsagainststress.
Tohelpkidsbuildstrongerconnectionswithothers,youcanpulltheplugonTVsandcomputers.Yourfamilywillthankyoulater.Theywillhavemoretimeforface-to-facerelationships,andtheywillgetmoresleep.
Limittheamountofviralviolenceyourchildrenareexposedto.It'snotjustradiogamesandmovies,childrenseealotofmurderandcrimeonthelocalnews.
Keepyourexpectationsforyourchildrenreasonable.ManyhighlysuccessfulpeopleneverattendedHarvardorYale.
Makeexercisepartofyourdailyroutine.Itwil
升级会员 