中大高级商务英语一.docx

中大高级商务英语一.docx

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中大高级商务英语一

高级商务英语练习

Unit1theThreeSectorsoftheEconomy

Ⅰ阅读理解

JustovertenyearsagotheLabourPartyissuedaglossybookletentitledModernManufacturingStrength.IthadasitssubtitleBuildingaworldclasseconomy.ItrightlycomplainedofthedestructionofmuchofBritain’sindustrialcapacityduringtheyearsofConservativerule.ItcalledforanewstrategytoreviveBritishindustry.

Labor’sbookletoftenyearsagosaidthatConservativepolicyimpliedthatmanufacturingcanbereplacedbytheservicesector.‘Thisisawhollyfalsedichotomy’,arguedthebooklet.‘Astrongservicesectorrequiresastrongmanufacturingbase’.Intradingterms,Labor’sbookletsaid,‘wemanufactureorperish’.Labor’sbookletreferredtowhatitdescribedasBritain’s‘appallingbalanceofpaymentsdeficit’.

TodayBritishmanufacturingisevenweakerthanitwastenyearsago.Itemploysfewerpeople.Therearefewerfactories.Manufacturingoutputrepresentsadecliningproportionofthetotaloutputofgoodsandservices.Thebalanceofpaymentsonmanufactureditemsisasbadasithaseverbeen.

ThedeclineinBritishmanufacturingaffectsnotonlytheoldso-called‘smoke-stack’industriesbutalsoindustriesthatcontinuetocaterforasubstantialorgrowingmarket.Steel,engineering,motor-vehiclemanufacture,electricalgoods,shipbuilding,textiles,clothing,industrialchemicals,bootsandshoes,furniture,pottery,computermanufactureandmanyothersectionshaveallbeenaffected.Theirmarketsharehasdeclined.

ItisanironiccommentaryonthisrecordofcontractionthatsimultaneouslyunderNewLabourtheincomeofthetoppeoplehasleaptaheadofthegeneralriseinthepayofworkingpeople.ItisnotsuccessbutfailurethatBritishcapitalismhasbeenrewarding.Itisequallyironicthatitnowseemsthatourpublicsector,includingtheNationalHealthServiceandpartsoftheeducationalsystem,aretobeinjectedmoreandmorewiththefailedmedicineofthebossesfromtheprivatesector.

ItisplainasplaincanbethatcapitalismhasfailedtohaltthedeclineinBritishmanufacturingindustryandthatintheimmediatefuturemanufacturingwillcontinueonthepathofcontraction.Labor’sbookletoftenyearsagocalledforanationalstrategyforthemodernizationofBritishindustry.

Thiswouldnecessarilyinvolveabigincreaseininvestment.Productivitydependsessentiallyonthekindoftoolsandequipmentavailabletothoseemployedinindustryandontheeducation,trainingandskilloftheworkforcefromthehighesttothelowestlevel.Thenecessaryincreaseinindustrialinvestmentwillnotcomefromprivateinitiativeandprivatesources.Taxincentives—andtherehavebeenplentyofthemtohelpprivatecompanies—dolittletoinfluencelong-termpolicythoughtheyhelptostuffthepocketsoftheindustrialfatcats.Thereisnosubstituteforpublicinvestmentandpublicaccountability.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,weknowthattheLaborpartyandtheConservativePartyweredifferentintheirpolicieson

A.Britain’smanufacturingindustry

B.Theworldeconomy

C.Britain’sindustrialcapacity

D.Internationaltrade

2.IntheLabor’sbooklet,thesentence‘wemanufactureorperish’meansthat

A.Britainshouldupgradeitsmanufacturingindustry.

B.Themanufacturingindustryshouldconvertitself.

C.Britain’seconomywillbedestroyedifwedon’treviveourmanufacturingindustry.

D.Weshouldmanufacturegoodstosupportourselves.

3.Comparedwithtenyearsago,themanufacturingindustryinBritain

A.isstrongerthanitwastenyearsago.

B.employsalargerworkforce.

C.hasmorefactories.

D.isevenworse.

4.AgainstthecontextofslowdowninBritain’smanufacturingindustry,whichofthefollowingindustrysuffersfromdeclineinmarketshare?

A.advertising

B.banking

C.electricalgoods

D.consulting

5.ThemodernizationofBritishindustrywillresultinabigincreasein

A.unemployment

B.privateinvestment

C.governmentinvestment

D.outputofmanufacturing

TheprospectfacingBritishindustryisworsenedbytheeconomicslowdownintheworld’sprincipalcapitalistpowers,theUSA,JapanandGermany.Thepathoftheireconomieshasshownonceagainthatperiodicboomsandrecessionareaninevitablefeatureofaneconomicsystemdominatedbythepursuitofprivateprofit.Itisnotthesatisfactionofhumanneedthatdrivestheeconomybutthemotivationofprofit.‘Effectivedemand’inthevocabularyofeconomistsisthedemandofpeoplewhohavethemoneyandthewillingnesstospend.Allthehugeunsatisfiedbasicwantsofhumanitycountfornothingunlesstheyrepresenta‘marketforce’expressedbythepossessionofanadequateincome.

TothosewhoarguethattheproblemsofBritishindustryareattributableprimarilytotheexchangeratethereisanobviousanswer.Whosets,orattheveryleastinfluences,theexchangerate?

Itisnotsetbydivineintervention.ItisTreasurypolicyandthebankerswhohavethemainshort-terminfluence.Inthelong-termexchangeratesreflectthebalanceoftrade.

ItisnotananswertothedeclineofmanufacturingtourgethatBritainshouldjointheEuro.Thiswouldreduceevenmorethepossibilityofremedialaction.MoreandmoredecisionsaffectingBritishindustrywouldbemadeincreasinglyremotefromaccountabilitytotheBritishpeople.

NewLabourshouldbringtoanenditsmisplacedloveaffairwiththeprivatesector.

6.Theauthorpointsoutthatperiodicboomsandrecessionsaretheinevitablefeaturesof

A.Britain’seconomy

B.theworld’sprincipalcapitalistpowers

C.USA’seconomy

D.Japan’seconomy

7.Intheeconomists’pointofview,whatdrivestheeconomyisthe‘Effectivedemand’,whichisdefinedas

A.humanneeds

B.thebasicwantsoflow-incomers

C.thedemandofpeoplewithadequateincome

D.thedemandofpeoplewithadequateincomeandwillingnesstospend

8.Whichofthefollowingfactorsinfluencetheexchange-rateofacountry?

A.divinepower

B.Treasurypolicyandthebankers

C.thebalanceoftrade

D.B&C

9.TheproposalthatBritainshouldjointheEuro

A.canhelpBritishmanufacturinggetthroughthedifficulties

B.willnotbearemedyforthesecondarysectoroftheBritisheconomy

C.willenabletheBritishpeopletohavethefinalsayinitsmanufacturingindustry

D.willenhanceBritain’spositionintheEuropeanUnion

10.Theauthorsuggeststhat,thenewLaborpartytodayshould

A.attachgreaterimportancetotheprivatesectorthanthepublicsector

B.increaseinvestmentontheindustry

C.changeitscurrentattitudestowardstheprivatesector

D.ignoretheprivatesector

Ⅱ词汇与结构

11.Asagiantmanufacturingeconomy,Americaisstilltherichestnationintheworld.Therefore,theassumptionthatmanufacturinghasnofutureintheadvancedindustrializedcountriesishighly＿＿＿.

A.confusingB.untrueC.dubiousD.doubted

12.Themajorityofthepeopleinhabitsintheirownlittleworlds,＿＿＿ofhowtheyconnectwiththeoutsideworld.

A.obliviousB.unknownC.curiousD.thinking

13.Researchershave＿＿＿acrossadrugthatmayhelppatientswithParkinson’sdisease.

A.discoveredB.comeC.foundD.stumbled

14.Violenceincreasedto＿＿＿thatresidentswereafraidtoleavetheirhomes.

A.thepositionthatB.theextentthatC.theresultthatD.thedepththat

15.Themajorityoftheeconomistsholdthatitisimpossibletostopthis＿＿＿changeinthepatternsofhumanconsumption.

A.hugeB.progressiveC.dramaticD.great

16.Nowadays,peopleincitiesrelyontheminingofcoalorpumpingofoilto＿＿＿theircars.

A.moveB.fuelC.driveD.use

17.Thedeadlineforsubmittingtheproposalsisdueintwodays,buttheyofferednosolutionforallour＿＿＿problems

A.greatB.immenseC.myriadD.large

18.Shegavenothoughttoallthis,andneither＿＿＿occurredhertodosobeforeshecamehere.

A.wouldithaveB.itwouldhaveC.woulditD.ithave

19.Somepeoplebelievethatthemanufacturingindustryindevelopedcountrieswillchange,＿＿＿itself.

A.adaptB.modifyC.CorrectD.convert

20.Afteracountry’speoplearesupplied＿＿＿thephysicalsubjectofconsumption,theygoontoconcernabouttheirdesign.

A.forB.toC.withD.about

Ⅲ完形填空

In1998,25-yearoldJohnStewartwas＿＿＿（21）redundant.Hewasleftwithacompensation＿＿＿（22）of￡5,000andadeterminationtobehisownboss.Asasupporterofhislocalfootballclub,hehadoftenhelpedthembymaintainingandrepairingtheirseating.Henowdecidedtosetuphisowncompanyandmakea＿＿＿（23）outofhishobby.

Hisfirststepwastoget1,000brochuresprinted,＿＿＿（24）thetwomainserviceswhichhecould＿＿＿（25）,repairandmaintenance.Hesentthesebrochuresto＿＿＿（26）andprofessionalfootballclubs,andothersimilar＿＿＿（27）,suchashockeyclubs.

Theweekaftercompletingthemailingwastheworstofhislife.Hehadnoresponsesatall.ThenaletterarrivedfromScotlandinvitinghimtogivea＿＿＿（28）forapre-seasoncheckofafootballclub’sseating.HearrivedinScotlandinthreehours;bytheendoftheafternoonhehadsignedthe＿＿＿（29）todothework.For￡500theclubhaditsseatingmadegood,andonarrivinghomethreedayslater,Johnworked＿＿＿（30）thathehadmadea￡250profit.

Thenextfourweekswereextremelybusy,asclubafterclubinvitedJohntoworkforthem.Hepricedeachjobinthesamewayasthefirst,workingoutallthedirect＿＿＿（31）,thenadding100%.Moneystartedto＿＿＿（32）inandJohnboughtavanandrentedafactoryunitonanindustrialestatenearhishouse.

TheninlateAugustthephonesstoppedringingasthepre-seasonworkdriedup.John＿＿＿（33）thatheneededlonger-termworkanddecidedtomoveintothemanufactureof