ENGLISHCHINESE.docx
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ENGLISHCHINESE
第五部分:
英译中(PartVTranslationfromEnglishintoChinese)
共5题,考试时间为15分钟。
在一篇长度约300词左右题材熟悉难度适中的短文中有5个划线的句子,要求考生,将这5个句子译成中文。
英译中部分主要测试英语的理解和表达能力。
PracticeOne
TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese
Directions:
Inthispartthereisapassagewith5underlinedsections,numbered1to5.Afterreadingthepassagecarefully,translatetheunderlinedsectionsintoChinese.
(1)WhenIwasaboyIwasalwaystold,“Peter,themoreyouknow,thefurtheryougo.”SoIstayedinschooluntilIgraduatedfromcollegeandthenwentforthintotheworld,holdingfirmlytheideaandmynewteachingcertificate.Duringthefirstyearofteaching,Iwasupsettofindthatanumberofteachers,schoolprincipalsandsuperintendents(主管)appearedtobeunawareoftheirprofessionalresponsibilitiesandincompetent(无能的)incarryingouttheirduties.
(2)Forinstance,myprincipal’smainconcernswerethatclassroomsshouldbequietandthatnooneshouldsteponorneartheflowerbeds.Thesuperintendent’smainconcernswerethatallofficialformsshouldbesubmittedontime.Thechildren’seducationappearedfarthestfromtheirmind.
AtfirstIthoughtthiswasaspecialweaknessofthelocalschoolssysteminwhichIstartedtoworkasateacher.SoIappliedforcertificationinanotherstate.(3)Ifilledouttheforms,enclosedtherequireddocumentsandsentthemoff.Severalweekslater,backmyapplicationandallthedocuments!
No,(4)therewasnothingwrongwithmyforms;theywereallcorrectlyfilledout;anofficialdepartmentalstampshowedthattheyhadbeenreceivedingoodorder.Butanaccompanyinglettersaid,“ThenewregulationsrequirethatsuchformscannotbeacceptedbytheDepartmentofEducationunlesstheyhavebeenregisteredatthePostOfficetoensuresafedelivery.”Willyoupleasere-mailtheformstotheDepartment,makingsuretoregisterthemthistime?
Ibegantosuspectthatthelocalschoolsystemdidnothaveamonopoly(垄断)onincompetence.
(5)AsIgrewolder,Isawthateveryorganizationcontainedanumberofpersonswhocouldnotdotheirjobs.
PracticeTwo
TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese
Directions:
Inthispartthereisapassagewith5underlinedsections,numbered1to5.Afterreadingthepassagecarefully,translatetheunderlinedsectionsintoChinese.
Someyearsago,industrieshadmorefreedomthantheyhavenow,andtheydidnotneedtobeascarefulastheymusttoday.
(1)Theydidnotneedtoworryalotaboutthesafetyofthenewproductthattheydeveloped.Theydidnothavetopaymuchattentiontothehearthandsafetyofthepeoplewhoworkedforthem.Newproductswereoftendangerousforthepeoplewhousedthem.
(2)Conditionsintheworkplaceoftenhadverybadeffectsonthehealthoftheworkers.
Ofcoursesometimestherewererealdisasterswhichattractedtheattentionofgovernmentsandwhichshowedtheneedforchanges.Also,scientistswhoweredoingresearchonthehealthofworkerssometimesproducedinformationwhichgovernmentscouldnotignore.Atsuchtimes,therewereinquiries(调查)intothecausesofthedisasterortheproblems.Newsafetyruleswereoftenintroducedasaresultoftheseinquiries;(3)however,thenewrulescametoolatetoprotectthepeoplewhodiedorwhobecameseriouslyill.
Today,manygovernmentshavespecialdepartmentswhichprotectconsumersandworkers.(4)IntheU.S.,forexample,thereisadepartmentwhichtestsnewairplanesandgiveswarningsaboutpossibleproblems.Italsomakesrulesthataircraftmanufacturersmustfollow.Antherdepartmentcontrolsthefoodsanddrugsthatcompaniessell.Athirddepartmentlooksattheplaceswherepeoplework,andthenreportsanycompaniesthatarebreakinglawswhichprotectthehealthandsafetyofworkers.Ofcourse,newgovernmentdepartmentsandnewlawscannotpreventeveryaccidentorillness,buttheyarehavingsomegoodresults.Ourworkplacesaresaferandcleanerthanbefore.Theplanesandcarswhichweusefortravelarebetter.(5)Manufacturersarethinkingmoreaboutthesafetyandhealthofthepeoplewhobuyandusetheirproducts.
PracticeThree
TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese
Directions:
Inthispartthereisapassagewith5underlinedsections,numbered1to5.Afterreadingthepassagecarefully,translatetheunderlinedsectionsintoChinese.
Manychangesaretakingplacein“foodstyles”intheUnitedStates.TheUnitedStatesistraditionallyfamousforitsunchangingdietofmeatandpotatoes,butnowwehaveagreatvarietyoffoodtochoosefrom:
variousethnic(民族)food,healthfood,andfastfood,inadditiontothetraditionalhome-cookedmeal.EthnicrestaurantsandsupermarketsarecommonplaceintheUnitedSates.
(1)BecausetheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants(移民),thereisanimmensevarietyoffoodstylesandanylargeAmericancityisfilledwithrestaurantsservinginternationalcooking.Manycitiesevenhaveethnicsections:
Chinatown,LittleItaly,orGermantown.Withthisvastethnicchoice,wecanenjoyfoodfromallovertheworld.
(2)Thisisapleasantthoughtforthosewhocomeheretotravelortowork;theycanusuallyfindtheirnativespecialties.Becausesectionsofthecities,thereareregions,whicharewellknownforcertainfoodbecauseofthepeoplewhosettledthere.Forexample,southernCaliforniahasmanyMexicanrestaurants.
(3)Healthfoodgainedpopularitywhenpeoplebegantothinkmoreseriouslyaboutthepossibleeffectoffoodontheirhealth.Theveryterm“healthfood”isironicbecauseitimpliesthatthereisalso“unhealthy”food.(4)Healthfoodincludesnaturalfoodwithlittleprogressing,thatis,therearenochemicalstohelpitlastlongerortomakeittasteorlookbetter.Mosthealthfoodenthusiastsarevegetarians:
theyeatnomeat;theyprefertogettheirproteinsfromothersources,suchasbeans,cheeseandeggs.
(5)Fast-foodrestaurantsarenowexpandingrapidlyallovertheUnitedSates,wherespeedisaveryimportantfactor.Peopleusuallyhaveashortlunchbreakortheyjustdonotwanttowastetheirtimeeating.Fast-foodrestaurantsareplaceswhichtakecareofhundredsofpeopleinashorttime.Thereisusuallyverylittlewaiting,andthefoodisalwayscheap.Someexamplesareburgerandpizzaplaces.
PracticeFour
TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese
Directions:
Inthispartthereisapassagewith5underlinedsections,numbered1to5.Afterreadingthepassagecarefully,translatetheunderlinedsectionsintoChinese.
(1)Inmanybusinesses,computershavelargelyreplacedpaperwork,becausetheyarefast,flexible,anddonotmakemistakes.Asonebankersaid,“Unlikehumans,computersneverhaveabadday.”Andtheyarehonest.Manybanksadvertisethattheirtransaction(交易)are“untouchedbyhumanhands”andthereforesafefromhumantemptation.Obviously,computershavenoreasontostealmoney.Buttheyalsohavenoconscience,andthegrowingnumberofcomputercrimesshowstheycanbeusedtosteal.
Computercriminalsdon’tuseguns.
(2)Andeveniftheyarecaught,itishardtopunishthembecausetherearenowitnessandoftennoevidence.Acomputercannotrememberwhousedit:
itsimplydoeswhatitistold.TheheadtellerataSaltLakeCitybankusedacomputertostealmorethanoneandahalfmilliondollarsinjustfouryears.Noonenoticedthistheftbecauseshemovedthemoneyfromoneaccounttoanother.(3)Eachtimeacustomershehadrobbedquestionedthebalanceinhisaccount,thetellerclaimedacomputererror,thenreplacedthemissingmoneyfromsomeoneelse’saccount.Thispersonwascaughtonlybecauseshewasadruguser.Whenthepolicebrokeupanillegaldrugoperation,hernamewasintherecords.
Someemployeesusethecomputer’spowertotakerevenge(报复)onemployerstheyconsiderunfair.(4)Recently,alargecompanyfiredanemployeeforreasonsthatinvolvedhispersonalratherthanhisprofessionallife.Hewasitscomputer-tapelibrarian.Inhislastfortydaysthathewasallowedtoworkforthecompany,heerasedallthecompany’scomputerizedrecords.
Mostcomputercriminalshavebeenminoremployees.Nowpolicewonderifthisis“thetipoftheiceberg.”Asoneofficialsays,“Ihavethefeelingthatthereismorecrimeouttherethanwearecatching.Whatweareseeingnowinallsopoorlydone.(5)Iwonderwhattherealexpertsaredoing---theoneswhoreallyknowhowacomputerworks.”
PracticeFive
Directions:
Inthispartthereisapassagewith5underlinedsections,numbered1to5.Afterreadingthepassagecarefully,translatetheunderlinedsectionsintoChinese.
Americans’interestinspectatorsportsseemsexcessiveandevenobsessivetomanyforeignvisitors.
(1)NotallAmericansareinterestedinsports,ofcourse,butmanyare.Andsomeseeminterestedinlittleelse.Televisionnetworksspendmillionsofdollarsarrangingtelecastsportsevents,andareconstantlysearchingfornewways(forexample,usingcomputergraphicsandhiringglamorousannouncersandcommentators)tomaketheircoveragemoreappealing.Publicationsaboutsportssellwidely.IntheUnitedStates,professionalathletescanbecomenationalheroes.
(2)Somesportsstarshavebecomemorewidelyrecognizedthananynationalleaderotherthanthepresident.Someofthemearnannualsalariesinthemillionsofdollars.
(3)NowhereelseintheworldaresportsassociatedwithcollegeanduniversitiesinthewaytheyareintheStates.Collegesports,especiallyfootball,areconductedinanatmosphereofintenseexcitement.Gamesbetweenteamsclassifiedas“majorfootballpowers”attractnationwidetelevisionaudiencesthatnumberinthemillions.Thereisawholeindustrybuiltonthemanufactureandsaleofbadges,pennants,T-shirts,blanket,hats,an