届上海市奉贤区高三二模英语试题word版.docx

届上海市奉贤区高三二模英语试题word版.docx

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届上海市奉贤区高三二模英语试题word版

2019届上海市奉贤区高三二模

英语试题

考生注意

1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:

Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

HowtoMaketheMostofYourLunchHour

Shouldyougrababiteatyourdeskoreatwithyourcolleagues?

Thatdependsonwhat’sonyouragendafortherestoftheday.

Lunchhours____21____（get）shorterandshorterandevendisappearinginsomepartsoftoday’sworkingworld.Withfeweremployees____22____（ask）toaccomplishmoreinadaymanyAmericanstreatlunchnotasabreakbutasjustanothertasktosqueezeintoanalreadyover-bookedday.

Butdoquickmealsatthedeskactuallyimproveproductivityovermoreleisurelymeals?

Theresearchersonlystudied32employees,sothefindingsaredebatable.Butwhentheyassignedonegrouptoeatattheirdesksandanothertodinewithacolleagueatarestaurant,thefoundthosewhoatelunchtogethershowedadecline____23____theirperformanceonteststhatmeasuredconcentration,memoryandtheabilitytocatcherrorsandreademotionsinfacialexpressionsfollowinglunchthanbeforelunch.Bothgroupsatethesamemeals,butthosewhoatealonewereonlygiven20minutestoconsumetheirfood,____24____thepairedparticipantswereallowedonehourintherestaurant.Thosewhoatealonedidnothaveaslargeadropintheircognitiveprocessingasthosewhoateintherestaurant.

Whatwasresponsibleforthechange?

Thereweretoomanyvariablesatplaytodeterminewhichhadthestrongestinfluenceoncognitivecontrol-wasitthecompanionship,orwasittherestaurantenvironment____25____otherdinerswerepresent,musicwasplayedandthemealwasservedbywaitstaff,orwasitthelongertimetoenjoythemeal?

____26____factorwasresponsible,thegroupthattook:

arestaurantlunchbreakcamebackmorerelaxed,saytheauthors,andthatlikelyaffectedtheircognitivesharpness.Sharingamealasidetheofficewithafriendappearstohavea____27____（calm）effect,andwhileitreducesintellectualskills,itmaydevelopsocialharmonyandteamwork,which____28____beanimportantfeatureofsomeworktasks.

Butdon’tfeelsorryforthelonelunchers.Itturnsout____29____sincetheywereabletomaintaintheircognitiveskillsfollowingthemeal,theymightbeinabetterposition____30____（think）creativelyforprojectsthatrequiremoreinnovativesolutionsorapproaches.

【答案】21.aregetting

22.asked23.in

24.while25.where

26.Whichever/Whatever

27.calming

28.can/may

29.that30.tothink

SectionB

Direction:

Fillineachblankwithaproperword’chosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

GenesThatMakeYouSmarter

Thecontributionsgenesmaketointelligenceincreaseaschildrengrowolder.Thisgoesagainsttheideamostpeopleholdthatasweage,environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacy（遗产）wearebornwithandmayhave____31____foreducation.

“Peopleassumethegeneticinfluencegoesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,”saysRobertPlomin.“Whatwefoundwasquite____32____andgoesintheotherdirection.”

Previousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceare____33____duetogenetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plomin’steamgathereddatafromsixseparatestudiescarriedoutin4countries,____34____atotalof11000pairsoftwins.Theresearcherstestedtwinsonreasoning,arithmeticsetc.tomeasureaquantitycalled“G”.Eachstudyalsoincludedbothidenticaltwins,withthesamegenes,andfraternaltwin（异卵双生）sharingabouthalftheirgenes,makingitpossibleto____35____thecontributionsofgenesandenvironmenttotheirGscores.

Plomin’steamcalculatedinchildhood,genesaccountforabout4lpercentofthevariationinintelligence.Inadolescence,thisroseto55percent;byyoungadolescence,itwas66percent.

Noone____36____knowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage,butPlominsuggeststhataschildrengetolder,theybecomebetterathandlingtheirenvironmenttosuittheirgeneticneeds,andsays“kidswithhighGwillusetheirenvironmenttodeveloptheircognitiveabilityandchoosefriendswhoarelike-minded,Childrenwith____37____tolowGmaychooselesschallengingpastimesandactivities,furtheremphasizingtheirgeneticlegacy.”

Isthereanywaytointerferewiththepattern?

Perhaps.“Theevidenceofstrongheritability（遗传可能性）doesn’tmeanthatthereisnothingyoucandoaboutit,”saysSusanneJaeggi,“fromourownwork,theonesthatstartedoffwithlowerIQscoreshadhigher____38____training.”

Plominsuggestsgeneticdifferencesmaybemoreemphasizedifallchildrenshareanidenticalcurriculuminsteadofitbeing____39____tochildren’snaturalabilities.“Mytendencywouldbetogiveeveryoneagoodeducation,butputmoreeffortintothelowerend,”hesays.

IntelligenceresearchersPaulThompsonagrees:

“Itshowsthateducatorsneedto____40____adstowardsthingsdrawingouttheirnaturaltalents.

【答案】31.K32.H

33.G34.A

35.B36.I

37.E38.F

39.D40.J

Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Direction:

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Opendata-sharersarestillintheminorityinmanyfields.Althoughmanyresearchersbroadlyagreethatpublicaccesstorawdatawouldpromotescience,mostare____41____toposttheresultsoftheirownlaboursonline.

Somecommunitieshaveagreedtoshareonline-geneticists,forexample,postDNAsequencesattheGenBankrepository（库）,andastronomersareaccustomedto____42____imagesofgalaxiesandstarsfrom,say,theSloanDigitalSkySurvey,atelescopethathasobservedsome500millionobjects-buttheseremainthe____43____.nottherule.Historically,scientistshave____44____sharingformanyreasons:

itisalotofwork,untilrecently,gooddatabasesdidnotexist;grantfunderswerenotpushingforsharing;ithasbeendifficulttoagreeonstandardsforformattingdata,andthereisnoagreedwaytoassigncreditfordata.

Butthe____45____aredisappearinginpartbecausejournalsandfundingagenciesworldwideareencouragingscientiststomaketheirdata____46____.Lastyear,theRoyalSocietyinLondonsaidinitsreportthatscientistsneedto.“____47____aresearchculturewheredataisviewedasprivatepreserve”.Fundingagenciesnotethatdatapaidforwithpublicmoneyshouldbepublicinformation,andthescientificcommunityisrecognizingthatdatacannowbesharedonlineinwaysthatwerenotpossiblebefore.Tomatchthegrowingdemand,servicesarespringinguptomakeiteasiertopublishresearchproducts____48____andenableotherresearcherstodiscoverandcite（引用）them.

Althoughcallstosharedataoftenconcentrateonthe____49____advantagesofsharing,thepracticeisnotpurelybeneficialtoothers.Researcherswhosharegetplentyofpersonalbenefitsincludingmoreconnectionswithcolleagues,improved_____50_____andincreasedcitations.Themostsuccessfulsharers-thosewhosedataaredownloadedandcitedthemostoften-getnoticed,andtheirworkgetsused._____51_____.oneofthemostpopulardatasetsonmultidisciplinaryrepositoryDryadisaboutwooddensityaroundtheworld;ithasbeen_____52_____5700times.Co-authorAmyZannethinksthatusersprobablyrangefromclimate-changeresearcherswantingtoestimatehowmuchcarbonisstoredinbiomass,toforesterslookingforinformationondifferentgradesoftrees.“I’dmuchprefertohavemydateusedbythe_____53_____numberofpeopletoastheirownquestions,”shesays.“It’simportanttoallowreadersandreviewerstoseeexactlyhowyouarriveatyourresults.Publishingdataandcodeallowsyoursciencetobe_____54_____.”

Evenpeoplewhosedataarelesspopularcanbenefit.Bymakingtheefforttoorganizeandlabelfilessootherscanunderstandthem,scientistscanbecomemoreorganizedandbetterdisciplinedthemselves,thusavoiding_____55_____lateron.

41.A.restrictedB.reluctantC.desperateD.generous

42.A.accessingB.processingC.analyzingD.identifying

43.A.assumptionB.mysteryC.exceptionD.phenomenon

44.A.longedforB.appealedtoC.focusedonD.objectedto

45.A.symptomsB.barriersC.advantagesD.consequences

46.A.controllableB.uniqueC.reliableD.public

47.A.shiftawayfromB.endupwithC.giverisetoD.build

48.A.secretB.digitallyC.ethicallyD.fairly

49.A.materialB.individualC.moralD.economic

50.A.visibilityB.awarenessC.conditionD.confidence

51.A.OnthecontraryB.AsaresultC.ForexampleD.Afterall

52.A.downloadedB.updatedC.optimizedD.addressed

53.A.moderateB.MaximumC.averageD.estimate

54.A.reversibleB.profitableC.reproducibleD.recognizable

55.A.crisisB.confusionC.riskD.conflict

【答案】41.B42.A43.C44.D45.B46.D47.A48.B49.C50.A51.C52.A53.B54.C55.B

SectionB

Directions:

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B.CandD.Choosetheatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninhavejustread

A

Itwas1961andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolwerem