英语本科毕业论文对小说《双城记》的分析.docx

英语本科毕业论文对小说《双城记》的分析.docx

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英语本科毕业论文对小说《双城记》的分析

TheBackgroundandCharacterAnalysisofATaleofTwoCities

AThesisSubmittedto

Students’DepartmentofCapitalUniversityofEconomicsandBusiness

InCandidatefortheDegreeofBachelorofArts

ForeignLanguagesDepartment

By

HuXinyue

SupervisedbyProfessorYaoChenghe

Beijing,6/2012

中文题目对小说《双城记》的分析

外文题目TheBackgroundandCharacterAnalysisofATaleofTwoCities

系别外语系

专业英语语言文学

研究方向英美文学

姓名

学号

导师

2012年5月24日

TableofContents

Acknowledgements

Fromthetopicchoosingtomaterials’collecting,fromwritingtomodifyingrepeatedly,Ihaveexperiencedjoy,noise,painandanxious.Mymoodwassocomplexduringthisprocess.Now,withthefinalfinishedmanuscript,thecomplexmoodevaporated.EvenIhaveasenseofaccomplishmentwhichislikeagrandawardsentertainment,Iamnowintheentertainmentsceneandwatchingothersreceiveawardsonebyonewithcallingmyname.However,afteralongtimewaiting,finallyaguestshoutsmynamesothatIforgetthepreviouslongandboringwaitingtime.Igouptothestagewithgreatjoyandcannotwaittoexpressmyfeelings.Thisessayismystageandthefollowingwordsaremysincereandheartfeltgratitudeandfeelingsaftergainingtheaccomplishmentofmyessay.

IamverygratefultomytutorMsYaoChenghe.Sheiseasy—goingandalwayswithenthusiasm.Sheiscarefulandrigorouswhensheisworking.Iliketochatwithherbecausesheislikemygoodfriendsandalwaysencouragesme.Inwritingthepaper,shewouldalwaysrequiremetorepeatedlymodifymyassayusing“professionalstandards”.Fromthebeginningtotheend,MsYaoisalwaysconscientiousandresponsibletogivemeprofoundguideindetailandhelpsmeopenupresearchideas.ItisMsYao’sselflesshelpandencouragementthatmakesmyassaycompletedsuccessfully.

Ialsowanttothankmyteacherofwritingclass,MrZhangHongfeng.Hetookthetimefromhisbusyscheduletohelpmesortoutthewritingideasandputforwardmanyvaluablecommentsandsuggestionsonmyassay.Andhealsotoldmetheprincipleofourlifewhichhadgivenmealotofhelp.Here,IexpressmysinceregratitudetoMrZhang,mywritingteacher.

Ithankmyparentsverymuch,duringtheprocessofmywriting,theyarealwayssupportingmeandmakeagreatcontributiontomycollectingmaterials.Thankyoumydearparents,Iloveyou.

AbstractinEnglish

InordertounderstandthenovelATaleofTwoCities,Ihavewrittenthisessaytoanalyzethisnovel.ThestorytookplacedintheperiodoftheFrenchRevolution;Ifindsomerelationshipbetweenthebackgroundandthecharactersinthenovel.SoIusedthemethodsoftheoreticaldiscussion,searchforthedatas,readingandquotationtoanalyzerespectivelythesocialbackgroundandtheeconomicbackgroundwhichhadresultedinthedifferentcharactersofthepeoplewithdifferentclasses.CharlesDickensisamasterofusinguniquetonestoportraythepersonalitytraits.Ianalyzethispointbasedonthedescribingdetailsinthearticle.Atthelastpartofmyassay,IgaveacomparisonbetweenthenovelATaleofTwoCitiesandLesMisérablestofindthedifferencesandsimilaritiessothatwecanunderstandthisnovelbetter.Theauthorwantedtotellusthatbloodcannotwashoffthehatredanditalsocannotbeasubstitutionofloveandthehatredofthecivilianstowardsthearistocratictyrannycannotmakeupfortheirlostlovedones.LetuslearntheLucies’skind,Dr.Manette’smercy,Darnay’supright,Carton’sselflessness,LorryandPross’swarmheartssothatourworldwillbefulloflove.

Keywords:

ATaleofTwoCities,FrenchRevolution,relationship,characters,love.

AbstractinChinese

《双城记》中的故事发生在法国大革命时期，在阅读小说的过程中，我找到一些当时法国的社会背景与小说中塑造的不同阶层的人物性格特点之间的一些关系，于是我通过理论探讨，资料搜集，阅读和引用等方法对当时法国的社会背景和经济环境分别做了详细的分析，并且分析了由这些环境所导致的主要人物的性格特点。

狄更斯是一位善于用不同腔调来塑造不同性格的大师，在论文中，我用小说中描写的细节之处分析了狄更斯的这种写作手法，从而使我们更好地理解小说中的人物特点。

在文章的最后部分，我把小说《双城记》和法国作家雨果的小说《悲惨世界》做了一个比较，从而找到文学中在塑造人物性格特点和社会背景上的不同之处和相同之处。

这篇小说旨在告诉我们：

再多的鲜血也洗不掉仇恨，仇恨永远不能成为爱的替代品。

人民对暴政的恨再深再多也弥补不了他们逝去的亲人的生命。

让我们学习露西的善良，曼内特先生的仁慈，达尔内的正直，卡顿的无私精神以及罗瑞和普洛斯小姐的热心，这个世界将会充满爱！

关键词：

《双城记》，法国大革命，人物关系，性格特点，爱。

Introduction

SummaryofATaleofTwoCities

ThestorytakesplacesinthesocietybeforeandduringtheFrenchRevolution.Theauthor,Dickens,portraysthecruelnobleandtheking,thosewhodonotcarethepeopleatall,andenjoyallthebenefitsandjoyfullives.Therefore,thepeoplecannotstandforthegovernment’sincompetence,tryingtooverthrowthegovernmentandtocontrolParis.However,therearestillloveandforgivenessinsuchviolenttimes.Thehatredandtheviolencecannotsolveandsoothethesadness.Onlytheloveandforgivenesscanovercomeallthehardships.

BriefIntroductionoftheAuthor—CharlesDickens

CharlesDickens（1812-1870）wasbornintoawell-beingfamilyinthesouthofEngland.Thefinanceofhisfamilywasnotverybad.Dickens’fatherwasapublicservant,andhismotherwasanoptimisticandversatilehousewife.However,Dickens’parentsdidnotmanagemoneyverywell;theyendedupinprisonforgettingintodebt.Inordertomakeendsmeet,Dickensdiscontinuedschoolingtoworkinthefactory.

Sincethen,Dickenssufferedfromdifficultiesandhumiliation,seeingtheextremedisparitybetweentherichandthepoor.ButDickensdidnottakehismisfortuneoutontheothers.Instead,hemadegooduseofwhathehadseenandgonethrough.Theobservationofthecomparisonbetweentheextravagantupperclassandthestrugglinglowerclassbecomesthemainfeatureinhiscreation.Bemoaningthestateoftheuniverseandpitythefateofmankind,hewrotewhathehadseeninthebook,andmostofthemareaboutthelow-level

（1）.

TheResearchandDevelopmentatHomeandAbroadWhichareRelatedtoThisTopic

In1935,theAmericanhadadaptedthisimmortalfamousnovelintoamovie.And23yearslater,in1958,theEnglishalsousedthisnoveltocreateafamousmovie.FromthiswecaninferthatthisnovelhasmuchsignificancetoourhumanbeingsandmakesustounderstandtheRevolutiondeeply.Andthemovieshowedeachcharactervividlyanddeeplyattractedus.

Manybooksontheinterpretationofthisnovelaregoingintothemarkets,forexampletheUnderstandingofATaleofTwoCitieswhosewriterisGeorgeNewlin.Ithasanalysisthenovelfromtheperspectiveofliterary,thelaw,thehistoryandthehumanright.

ThePurposeofThisPaper

ATaleofTwoCities,whichwillbediscussedlaterinthethesisandoneofhisbestnovels,isawaytogettoknowthebackgroundoftheFrenchRevolution.Dickensportrayseachcharacter’spersonalitiesbrightly.Actually,DickensdiscoverstheserioussocialproblemsinEngland,suchastheextremedisparitybetweentherichandthepoor.Sohecreatesthiswork,towarnthepeople.Thestory’sstructureisverystrict,andtheplotiscomplex.Also,thestoryconveystheterroroftheFrenchRevolution.Mostimportantofall,itdescribesthedarkaspectofthegeneralwill

（2）.

Atthelastofmypaper,Igiveacontrastoftwonovels—ATaleofTwoCitiesandLesMisérables.Bythiscontrast,IhaveunderstoodmoreaboutthewritingtechniquesofthetwoauthorsandIammoreempathyontheplotofthearticles.ThemostimportantthingisthatIhavegainedmoreunderstandingoftheliteratureandIlearnfromthetwoauthorshowtoportraythecharacterofthepeople.

Nextletushaveadeeperunderstandingofthispaper.

ChapterI

BackgroundAnalysis

SincetheFrenchRevolutionservesasthebackgroundofthenovelandtheeconomicandsocialcrisesarethemainreasonsoftherevolution,thesefeatureswillbediscussedfirstinthispart.Besides,Dickensnotonlyportrayedthesocialproblemsinthosetimes,butalsodescribedeachcharactervividly.Hisdescriptionofcharactersisoneofthemostfascinatingpartsofthenovel.Thus,characteranalyseswillbediscussedlater.Bymakinguseofthebackgroundknowledgelearnedinthepreviouspart,itmaybeeasierforthereaderstoknowthecharactersmoredeeply,findtherelationshipbetweenthesocialsituationandthecharactersandenjoythenovelmore.

TheSocialandEconomicBackgroundofATaleofTwoCities

TheFrenchRevolutionisaconsequenceofconflictsbetweennewideasandoldsystem.TheoldsystemmeanstheFeudalismfromtheMiddleAges.TheFeudalismisaclass-polarizedsocietythatisgovernedbythenoble.Thisoldsystemcausestheunfairsituation.Forexample,thethirdclass（farmersandworkers）hadtopaytheheavytaxandyetwereenslavedbythetopofthesociety.However,thefirstandsecondclasses（priestsandnobles）shoulderedthelightestresponsibilitybutledonextravagantlife（3）.

Inthenovel,thechapter“MonseigneurinTown”clearlyconveyssuchcruelandfiercebehaviorsofthenovel（4）.TheMonseigneurwasDarnay’suncle,whomistreatedhisservants,waskilledbytherevolutionistsintheend.It’snotsurprisingthattheforcedpeopletookrevengeonthosewhohadtreatedthemunfairlyforalongTime.TheotherdualityistheinfluenceoftheEnlightenment.TheEnlightenmentbringsliberalismtoFrance.Liberalismpursuesfreedom,emphasizingdemocracy.Liberalistswereagainstgovernment’seconomiccontrol.TheenlightenmentgavethenewideastotheFrench,andittookasocialchangetotheoldsystem.BecausethevotingrightwasnotpopularinFranceinthe18thcentury,citizenshadnoopportunitiestoselecttheirleaderandlife.Therefore,thenewideaswhichwerebroughtbytheEnlightenmenthadagreatimpactontheFrenchRevolution.Forexample,citizenswereawareofpursuingtheirrightinsteadofacceptingalltheunfair（5）.

Thereisade