大学英语UNIT 15 课后题及翻译.docx
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大学英语UNIT15课后题及翻译
2.UNIT1
I.Explaintheitalicizedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.
1.Itimplies,firstajustconceptionoftheendsofhumanlife;secondly,acompletedevotiontotheseends;andthirdly,theattainmentoftheseends?
3.goals
2.Others,likeNietzsche,takethebullbythehorns,andrefusetoassumethatlifemusthaveameaningandbelievethatprogressisinacircle,andhumanachievementsareasavagedance,insteadofatriptothemarket...
4.confrontthequestionfearlessly
3.TheChineseidealoflifeisdrunkthroughwiththissentiment.
5.overwhelmedby
4.Itis,Imustsay,abrilliantlysimpleideal,sobrilliantlysimplethatonlythematter-of-factChinesemindcouldhaveconceivedit,andyetoneoftenwondershowtheWestcouldhavefailedtoseethatthemeaningoflifeliesinthesaneandhealthyenjoymentofit.
6.realistic;pragmatic
5.Humanismoccupies,forinstance,ameanpositionbetweentheother-worldlinessofreligionandthematerialismofthemodernworld.
7.midway
8.Translation
I.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.
9.林语堂在论人性时,详述了人的尊严。
他说,人类之所以优于其他一切生物,因为人类具有由几个要素构成的尊严。
首先,人有带有游戏意味的好奇心,这种好奇心可看做是人类发展智慧的最早迹象。
第二,人类有梦幻。
人生活在一个真实的世界里,却有着梦想另一个世界的能力和倾向。
他说,世界就像一个点菜餐馆,每个人都认为邻座点的菜肴总比自己点的菜肴更加诱人、更加可口。
第三,人类有幽默感。
他给幽默感很高的评价。
他认为,幽默与敏锐的感觉、合乎情理的精神以及头脑探知矛盾、愚蠢和糟糕逻辑的微妙能力联系在一起。
幽默是人类智能的最高形式。
林语堂还细致讨论了个性主义的理念。
他认为,就文化而言,对某一文化的最后判断是看它产生怎样的男人和女人。
他还用儒家的观点来阐明自己的看法:
身修而后家齐,家齐而后国治,国治而后天下平。
10.Hints
11.详述elaborateon
12.优于besuperiorto
13.点菜餐馆alacarterestaurant
14.给幽默感很高的评价eulogizehumorimmensely
15.个性主义thedoctrineoftheindividual
16.儒家Confucianism
17.身修而后家齐whenpersonallifeiscultivated,thenhomelifeisregulated
18.Key
19.Whenhetalksaboutbeinghuman,LinYutangelaboratesonhumandignity.Hesaysthathumanbeingsaresuperiortoanyotherlivingcreaturesthankstohumandignitywhichconsistsofseveralelements.Firstofall,humanbeingshaveplayfulcuriosity,whichcouldbethefirstsignsofdevelopinghumanintelligence.Secondly,humanbeingshavedreams.Amanhasthecapacityandtendencytodreamofanotherworldthoughlivinginarealworld.Hesaysthattheworldisjustlikeanalacarterestaurantwhereeverybodythinksthatthefoodthenexttablehasorderedisinvariablymuchmoreinvitinganddeliciousthanhisown.Thirdly,humanbeingshaveasenseofhumor.Heeulogizeshumorimmensely,thinkingthathumorgoeswithgoodsenseandthereasonablespirit,plussomesubtlepowerofthemindindetectinginconsistenciesandfolliesandbadlogic.Humoristhehighestformofhumanintelligence.LinYutangalsotalksindetailaboutthedoctrineoftheindividual.Heholdsthatthefinaljudgmentofanyparticularcultureiswhattypeofmenandwomenitturnsoutasfarascultureisconcerned.HealsousestheargumentofConfucianismtoillustratehisownpointthatwhenpersonallifeiscultivated,thenhomelifeisregulated;whenhomelifeisregulated,thennationallifeisregulated,thentheworldisatpeace.
20.UNIT2
I.Explaintheitalicizedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.
1.Theirsloppinessismerelytheunfortunateconsequenceoftheirextrememoralrectitude.
21.→absolutemoralrighteousnessandcorrectness
22.Somedaytheyareplanningtoalphabetizealltheirbooksandsetuphomecatalogs.
23.→arrangeinalphabeticorder
24.Butwhiletheseambitiousplanstakeclearerandclearershapeintheirheads,thebooksspillfromtheshelvesontothefloor,theclothespileupinthehamperandcloset,thefamilymementosaccumulateineverydrawer,thesurfaceofthedeskisburiedundermoundsofpaperandtheunreadmagazinesthreatentoreachtheceiling.
25.→aregraduallyformedanddeveloped
26.Neatpeoplearebumsandclodsatheart.
27.→lazyandstupid
28.Whattheywanttodoisgetthewholethingoverwithsotheycansitdownandwatchtherasslin’onTV.
29.→finishquicklywhattheyhavetodo
30.Neatpeoplecutacleanswaththroughtheorganicaswellastheinorganicworld.
31.→destroyruthlesslythemainpartof
32.Translation
I.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.
33.作者认为,整洁的人与随意的人的根本差异是道德上的。
前者将整洁放在至高的位置,做事遵循两条不变的原则:
从不两次处理任何事;扔掉一切东西。
他们头脑清醒,目标明确,但他们十分冷漠,以至在他们看来,人、动物、物品都是一样的东西。
与前者形成鲜明对照的是,后者往往头脑里充满了各种各样、一时冲动的浪漫奇想。
他们的理想太完美了,事实上是难以实现的。
更为重要的是,随意的人有一颗爱心,他们似乎对一切都有情感依恋。
从某种意义上,我们可以这么说,大多数政治家和将军是属于第一种类型的人,而大多数诗人和艺术家则是属于第二种类型的人。
34.Hints
35.至高的位置aboveeverythingelse
36.不变的原则unvaryingprinciples
37.与前者形成对照的是Insharpcontrast;Contrastedwiththeformer
38.浪漫奇想romanticwhims
39.爱心lovingheart
40.情感依恋sentimentalattachments
41.Key
42.Theauthorholdsthatthefundamentaldifferencebetweenneatpeopleandsloppypeopleismoral.Theformerplaceneatnessaboveeverythingelseandworkontwounvaryingprinciples:
Neverhandleanyitemtwice;andthroweverythingaway.Theyareclear-mindedandobjective,buttheyaresoindifferentthatpeople,animalsandthingsareallonetothem.Insharpcontrast,thelatterfilltheirmindswithallkindsofromanticwhimsandtheiridealsarejusttooperfecttocometrueinreality.What’smore,thelatterhavealovingheartandseemtoshowsentimentalattachmentstoeverything.Inaway,wemayconcludethatmoststatesmenandgeneralsfallintotheformercategorywhilemostpoetsandartistsbelongtothelattertype.
43.UNIT3
I.Explaintheitalicizedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.
1.Foryearswehavehaditdrummedintous—inprint,onradio,overtelevision,ineverydayconversation—thatanyhintofpainistobebanishedasthoughitweretheultimateevil.
44.repeatedlymadeknownto;repeatedlyforcedupon
2.Itisalltooevidentthatthecampaigntogetpeopletoruntoadoctoratthefirstsignofpainhasboomeranged.
45.producedtheresultoppositefromwhatwasintended
3.Theindividualwhohaslearnedhowtomakethecorrelationbetweensuchthresholdpainsandtheircausedoesn’tpanicwhentheyoccur;heorshedoessomethingaboutrelievingthestressandtension.
46.painsofacertainlevelabovewhichsomeeffectswillreveal
4.Themorefamoustheathlete,thegreatertheriskthatheorshemaybesubjectedtoextrememedicalmeasureswheninjurystrikes.
47.forcedtoundergo
6.ButhisteamisbattlingforaplaceintheWorldSeries;sothetrainerorteamdoctor,calledupontoworkhismagic,reachesforastrongdoseofButazolidineorotherpowerfulpainsuppressants.
48.createsupernaturallywonderfuleffect
7.Littlewonderthatsomanystarathletesarecutdownintheirprime,morethevictimsofoverzealoustreatmentoftheirinjuriesthanoftheinjuriesthemselves.
49.forcedtodropoutatthetopoftheircareer
8.Buttheirindiscriminateandpromiscuoususeismakingpsychologicalcripplesandchronicailersoutofmillionsofpeople.
50.mentallyunbalancedordisabledindividuals
51.sufferersoflong-termpoorhealth
9.Theunremittingbarrageofadvertisingforpain-killingdrugs,especiallyovertelevision,hassetthestageforamassanxietyneurosis.
52.endlessandoverwhelmingoutpouring
53.Translation
I.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.
54.无知是我们理性生活的最大障碍之一。
对病痛的无知就是一个恰当的例子。
很多人几乎不知道,疼痛并不总是表明健康状态极糟,而经常是压力、担忧、无聊、枯燥,甚至是睡眠不足、饮食过量或缺乏锻炼造成的。
更为糟糕的是,他们对疼痛十分敏感。
结果,医生的办公室里挤满了各种因疼痛病而前来就医的人。
医生往往处在一个进退两难的境地。
一方面,他们在病人身上找不到引起疼痛的器质性病因;另一方面,他们又怕忽视一些症状,而这些症状可能是潜在的无法治愈疾病的先期警告。
另外,如果对于疼痛的根本原因一无所知的情况普遍存在的话,那么对于止痛药的药物性一无所知的情况也会变得同样普遍。
滥用止痛药的危险在于:
或许止了疼痛却没有解决严重隐患。
人们一般认为,止痛药之王是阿司匹林药片。
阿司匹林药片无需处方即可出售。
然而,长期不间断使用该药片也可能是致命的。
因此,让人们了解疼痛以及止痛药,将此作为普及教育的一个组成部分极其重要。
这样,人们就会懂得疼痛起始阶段的各种情况,懂得止痛药的药物性及其副作用,恰当地处理疼痛病例。
55.Hints
56.理性生活intelligentlife
57.恰当的例子acaseinpoint
58.更为糟糕的是Whatisworse
59.挤满了beoverloadedwith
60.处在一个进退两难的境地caughtinadilemma
61.器质性原因organiccause
62.无法治愈疾病incurableillness
63.普遍存在widespread
64.隐患underlyingcondition
65.疼痛起始阶段“threshold”varietyofpain
66.药物性medicalsubstances
67.Key
68.Ignoranceisoneofthebiggestobstaclestoourintelligentlife.Ignoranceaboutpainisacaseinpoint.Painisnotalwaystheindicationofbrokenhealth.Manypeoplehavelittleknowledgeaboutthefactthatitisfrequentlytheresultofstress,worry,idleness,boredom,eveninsufficientsleep,overeatingorinadequateexercise.Whatisworse,theyaremostpain-conscious.Asaresult,doctors’officesareoverloadedwithpeoplewithailmentsofpain.Thedoctorstendtobecaughtinadilemma.Ononehand,theycanfindnoorganiccauseofpaininthepatient.Ontheotherhand,theyareafraidthattheymayignoresymptomswhichcouldbeawarningofapotentiallyincurableillness.Inaddition,ifignoranceaboutthenatureofpainiswidespread,ignoranceaboutthenatureofpain-killingdrugswillbelikewisewidespread.Thedangeroftheabuseofpain-killingdrugsisthattheymaydeadenthepainwithoutcorrectingthegraveunderlyingcondition.Aspiriniscommonlyregardedasthekingofallpain-killers.Andaspirinispermittedtobesoldwithoutprescription.However,thedrugcanbelethalinsustaineddoses.Soitisextremelyimportanttomakeknowledgeaboutpainandpain-killingdrugspartofpopulareducation,sothattheindividualunderstandsthe“threshold”varietyofpain,themedicinalsubstancesandsideeffectsofpain-killingdrugsanddealswiththecaseofpainproperly.
69.UNIT5
I.Explaintheitalicizedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.
1.…whenIwanderedhourafterhouramongthestreets,bewilderedandalmostintoxicatedwithbeauty,feelingasapoormanmightwhohaspinchedalllife,andmadethemostofsinglecoins,andwhoisbroughtintothepresenceofaheapofpiled-upgold,andtoldthatitisallhisown.
70.stimulatedorexcited