英语常用短语Word版.docx
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英语常用短语Word版
中考英语：
重点单词、短语用法大总结
◆1.cost/take/spend/pay花费
花费时间做某事：
Ittakessbsometimetodosth.=sbspendsometime（in）doingsth.=sbspendsometimeonsth.
某人花钱买某物：
sbspendsomemoneyonsth.=sbpaysomemoneyforsth.=sthcostsb.somemoney.
※spend和pay主语都是人，cost主语是物。
※spent还可以指“度过”→Howdidyouspendyourweekend?
Thesweater________me90yuan.=I_______90yuanforthesweater.=I_____90yuanonthesweater.
Hespentlotsofmoney________themobilephone.
It________her20minutestogohomeeveryday.=He________20minutes________homeeveryday.
◆2.thanksfor为…而感谢
⑴______invitingmetoyourbirthdayparty.
thanksto多亏/由于
⑵______yourhelp.Igotgoodgrades.
◆3.感叹句：
多么…what+名词
how+形容词/副词
⑴.______badweather!
⑵.______hardheworks!
⑶.______freshvegetables!
⑷.______cuteamonkeyitis!
◆4.因为、由于：
because（连词）+从句：
（表示原因）
becauseof（介词短语）+名词（短语）=thanksto
⑴Ididn’tgotoschool______Ihadaheadache.
Hewaslateforclass______thebadweather.
Hecan’tcome_____heisill.
Manypeoplehaveacold_____thecoldweather.
※because和so不能同时连用.
◆5.来自：
befrom=comefrom
⑴Whereareyoufrom?
=Where______you____________?
⑵HeisfromTibet.=He____________Tibet.
◆6.Howoften对频率提问（多久一次）→回答用表示频率的副词或短语
Howlong对一段时间提问（多久）→回答用表示一段时间的状语
Howsoon对将来时间提问（多久）→回答用in+时间段
Howfar询问多长距离（多长）
⑴-______haveyoubeencollectingthekites?
-Fortenyears.
⑵-______doyougoshopping?
-Sometimes.
⑶-______willyourfathercomeback?
-Intwoyears.
⑷-_____doyouexercise?
-Onceaweek.
⑸-_____isitfromyourhometoschool?
-Abouttenmiles.
⑹-_____areyoustayingthere?
-Twoweeks.
◆7.乘交通工具：
takea/the+交通工具在句中作谓语
by+交通工具=ona交通工具在句中作方式状语
交通工具有：
train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…
⑴Hetakesabustobank.=Hegoestobankbybus.=Hegoestobankonabus.
⑵Iwalktoschool.=Igotoschool______.
※骑自行车、马或驴用ride：
rideone’sbike/rideahorse/rideadonkeyinone’scar
◆8.对不起：
Excuseme（劳驾，客套话）
Sorry（表示道歉）
⑴______.WhereisTianfuSquareinChengdu?
⑵–Wouldyoumindcleaningyourroom?
-______.I’lldoitrightaway.
⑶-Don’teatinclass.-_____.MsClark.
⑷_____,isthisthewaytothestation?
◆9.声音：
sound（自然界各种声音）
noise（噪音）
voice（悦耳的声音：
嗓子）
⑴Lucyhasasweet______.⑵That______likeagoodidea.
⑶Don’tmake______.Thebabyissleeping.
◆10.looklike（外貌看起来像…）
belike（性格像…）
⑴Lily__________Lucy.Oh,theyaretwins.
⑵Tony____________amonkeybecauseheiscuteandplayful.
◆11.take…to…带去
bring…to…带来
fetch没有方向性（强调来回）
⑴Tony.______theballhere.Please.
⑵Myfatheroften______me______concertsonSundays.
⑶______yourhomework_____schooltomorrow.
◆12.一些：
some用于肯定句
any用于否定句和疑问句
⑴I’dlike______milk.
⑵–Wouldyoulike______yogurt?
_Thanks.Idon’twant______.
※在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some.
◆13.多少：
Howmany修饰可数名词复数
Howmuch修饰不可数名词
⑴______juicedoyouwant?
⑵______applesdoyouwant?
⑶-______istheT-shirt?
–It’s30yuan.
※Howmuch可对价钱提问：
Howmucharethepotatoes?
◆14.看：
see强调看的结果
look（at）不及物动词，强调看的动作
watch观看：
比赛、电视、表演、电影
read读，朗读：
看书、看报、看信、看杂志
⑴Don’t______inbed.
⑵Wewill______abasketballgamethisevening.
⑶Please______theblackboard.Everyone.
⑷I______abirdinthetreeyesterday.
※OnSaturdaynight.Isawaninterestingtalkshow.
OnSaturdayevening.severalkidswatchedamovie.watchamovie=gotoamovie
◆15.stopdoingsth停止做某事→Pleasestoptalking.
stoptodosth停下来去做别的事
⑴Thegirlsoonstopped______（cry）.⑵Hewastiredandstopped______（have）arest.
◆16.forget/remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：
△forget/remembertodosth（忘记/记得去做某事）→Heforgottoturnoffthelight.（没有做关灯的动作）Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.
forget/remember后接ving表示已发生的动作：
△forget/rememberdoingsth（忘记/记得做过某事）→Heforgotturningoffthelight.（已做过关灯的动作）Don’tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?
◆17.到达…reach+地点
getto+地点reach=getto
arrive+in+大地点
arrive+at+小地点
⑴HereachedLondonyesterday.=He______toLondonyesterday.=He______inLondonyesterday.
⑵Shearrived______thebusstationjustnow.⑶Youshould______（get）homeontime.
※当getto和arriveat/in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。
如：
gethomegetthere省略to
◆18.擅长，在…方面做得好：
begoodat=dowellin.
⑴Sheisgoodatchemistry.=She__________________chemistry.
⑵Niuniuisgoodat______theviolin.=Niuniu______wellin______theviolin.
⑶LucyandLilyaretwingirls.Lucyisbetter______dancingthanLily.butLily___________insingingthanLucy.
◆19.win（赢得）接agame、war、amatch、aprize
beat（打败、战胜）接运动员、球队、对手等。
⑴Whichteam______thefootballmatch?
⑵WangHao______MaLinand______thechampionoftheMen’sSingles.
◆20.借borrowsth.fromsb=borrowsb.sth向某人借某物→borrow借入
lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth把某物借给某人→lend借出
keep延续性动词，与一段时间连用。
⑴Canyoulendmeyourbike?
=Canyou______yourbike______me?
⑵Youcanborrowsomemoney____yourbrother.=Youcanborrowyourbrother________.
⑶-HowlongcanI______thebook?
-Youcan_____itfortwoweeks.
※类似用法的还有：
buy—haveputon—wearbecome—be
leave—beawayfromopen—beopenbegin—beon
die—bedeadreturn—beback
①becomeHehas______adoctor.
Hehas______adoctorfor10years.
②beginThefilmhas______.
Thefilmhas_________fortenminutes.
◆21.能，会。
beableto
can
※情态动词后面都接动词原形。
⑴Weshould______abletofinishtheworktomorrow.
⑵Ican______（play）theguitar.⑶He______abletoplaychess.
◆22.toomany太多—修饰可数名词复数→Ihavetoomanyrulesinmyhouse.
toomuch太多—修饰不可数名词→Maybeyouhavetoomuchyin.
muchtoo太—后跟形容词或副词原级→Thiscoatismuchtooexpensive.
⑴Eating___________isbadforyourhealth.
⑵It’s____________coldtoday.You’dbetternotgoout.
⑶Thereare____________studentsinthehallways.It’sdangerous.
◆23.have/hasbeento去过某地→HehasbeentoBeijing.（现在不在北京）
have/hasgoneto去了某地→HehasgonetoBeijing.（现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中）
have/hasbeenin/at在某地
⑴Ihaveever_____________Americatwice.
⑵Hehas____________Beijingfortenyears.
⑶–Whereisyourbrother?
-He____________toHainan.
⑷_____youever____________Disneyland?
◆24.usedtodosth.过去常做某事→Thisriverusedtobeveryclean.
be（get）usedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事→I’mnotusedtogettingupearly.
beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth.被用于做某事→Pensareusedforwriting.
⑴XiaoGang__________________afraidofthedark.
⑵Thebroomis____________cleantheroom.=Thebroomis____________cleaningtheroom.
⑶He__________________livingcountryside.Thereisfreshairandsweetwell.
⑷Wood_______________makingpaper.
◆25.belongto+名词/人称代词宾格（属于）
be+名词所有格/名词性物主代词（是）
⑴Itmust______Ning’s.=Itmust_________Ning.
⑵Thepencilmustbe______（my）.=Thepencilmustbelongto______（my）.
⑶Thisball______tome.=Thisballis______.
◆26.can’t不可能0
表示推测、判断could/might也许、可能50﹪—80﹪
must肯定、一定100﹪
⑴TheCD_____belongtoTony.becausehelikeslisteningtomusic.
⑵Thenotebook______bemine.Ithasmynameonit.
⑶Thetoy______bemygrandpa.Afterall.Heisanoldman.
◆27.bemadefrom（由…制成）看不出原材料
bemadeof（由…制成）看得出原材料
⑴Thetable__________________wood.
⑵Paper__________________wood.
◆28.prefertodosth宁愿做某事
prefersth.tosth.喜欢…而不喜欢…
preferdoingsth.todoingsth.喜欢做…而不喜欢做…
⑴Iprefer______（swim）to______（play）balls.⑵He_______fishtobeef.
⑶Ipreferto______（walk）towork.
◆29.一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词：
—ed修饰人
—ing修饰物
⑴Iwanttogosomewhere______（relaxing/relaxed）.
⑵Sheis______inthis______historystory.（interesting/interested）
※interesting（有趣的）—interested（感兴趣的）tiring（累人的）—tired（累的，疲倦的）
boring（令人无聊的）—bored（无聊的）exciting（令人兴奋的）—excited（激动的）
surprising（令人惊讶的）—surprised（惊讶的）
relaxing（令人放松的）—relaxed（放松的）
embarrassing（令人尴尬的;令人为难的）—embarrassed（尴尬的;为难的）
◆30.thenumberof+名词复数（…的数量）作主语，谓语用单数。
anumberof+名词复数（许多、一些）=many
⑴Thenumberofstudentsinourclass______80.
⑵______numberofstudentsareinHelinMiddleSchool.
◆31.for+一段时间
since+时间点/过去时的句子
⑴WehavebeenstudyingEnglish______threeyears.
⑵Hehasbeenstayinghere______hewasfiveyearsold..
⑶Wehaven’tseeneachother______tenyearsago.
※for和since可以相互转换。
如：
Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinsforseveralyears.=Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinssinceseveralyears______.
◆32.除…之外except（不包括在内）→EveryonecouldanswerthisquestionexceptJim.
besides（包括在内）→Therearethreegirlsbesidesme.
⑴Weallpassedtheexam______LiYang.
⑵Manyotherstudentslikebasketball______GuoXiaojun.
◆33.already用于肯定句中（已经）
yet用于疑问句末（已经）
用于否定句末（还）
⑴Haveyouseenthefilm______?
⑵Ihaven’tlockedthedoor______.
⑶Momhas_______wateredtheflowers.
◆34.否定祈使句Don’t+v.
No+v.ing/n.
⑴Don’tsmokehere.=____________here.⑵Don’ttakephotos.=____________.
◆35.也too放肯定句末和疑问句末→Doyouplaysoccereveryday,too?
either放否定句末
also放肯定句中
※also放在实意动词前，be之后。
⑴Sheisagirl.Iamagirl.______.⑵He______likescollectingthings.
⑶Lilydoesn’tlikejunkfood.Hergoodfrienddoesn’tlikeit
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