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版英语新设计同步必修5Unit1PeriodThree
PeriodThree Grammar—ThePastParticiple
(1)asthe
AttributeandPredicative
课文原句感知
1.Buthebecameinspired(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposed(expose)tocholera.
2.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffected(affect)persondied.
3.Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpolluted(pollute)bythedirtywaterfromLondon.
4.NicolausCopernicuswasfrightened(frighten)andhismindwasconfused(confuse).
5.Heplacedafixed(fix)sunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.
一、过去分词作定语
1.意义:
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动,只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
apollutedriver一条被污染的河流
thewateredflowers浇过水的花
(2)只表示完成,不表示被动
fallenleaves落叶
therisensun升起的太阳
2.位置:
单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰词的后面,其作用相当于一个定语从句。
Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.
=Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。
注意:
过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别:
(1)语态不同:
现在分词表示主动;过去分词表示被动。
Thequestiondiscussedwasveryimportant.
讨论过的那个问题很重要。
Thehousestandingatthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin2016.矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。
(2)时间关系上不同:
现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词表示动作已经完成。
二、过去分词作表语
1.意义:
用在系动词后面,构成系表结构,表示主语所处的状态。
Shelookeddisappointed.她看上去很失望。
Wewereencouragedatthenews.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
2.过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。
这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同,但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。
试比较:
拓展 你知道下列各组词在作定语和表语时的区别吗?
exciting/excited,interesting/interested,disappointing/disappointed,encouraging/encouraged,puzzling/puzzled,surprising/surprised,pleasing/pleased,confusing/confused,moving/moved,terrifying/terrified
Whenheheardthemovingstory,hewasdeeplymoved.当他听到这个感人的故事时,他深受感动。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespent(spend)withhisstudents.(2017·北京)
2....IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermitted(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
3.Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I’dlikeyoutolookatastudyconducted(conduct)inAustraliain2012.(2016·浙江)
4.Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessagehidden(hide)withinthework.(2016·江苏)
5.Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientorannoyed(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings?
(2016·上海)
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.Intheirsparetime,theyare
inplantingvegetablesintheirgarden.(2017·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)
2.Momwasgratefuland
.(2016·四川,短文改错)
3.Itwasboth
andfrighteningtobeupthere!
(2016·浙江,短文改错)
4.Iamawfully
,butIknowI’llneverfallasleep.(2013·浙江,短文改错)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Thisisthestatueofasoldierseated(seat)onahorse.
2.WhenIenteredhisroom,hewasburied(bury)inhisbooks.
3.Someofthepeopleinvited(invite)tothepartycouldn’tcome.
4.Heistalkingwithamancalled(call)MrWang.
5.Hewasdiscouraged(discourage)whenheheardhismother’swords.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
6.Pricesofgoods
throughacomputercanbelowerthansomestoreprices.
7.Atlast,the
fathercametothesmallschool.
8.Tomwasvery
whenheheardthenews.
9.Hetoldmethenewsinan
voicethatday.
10.Mostofuslikedthefilm
byayoungdirector.
Ⅲ.完成句子
11.据说这是一座由一个年轻工程师设计的桥。
Itissaidthatthisisabridgedesignedbyayoungengineer.
12.你为什么看起来这么失望?
Whyareyoulookingsodisappointed?
13.那些受伤的孩子在这个医院里得到了很好的照料。
Theinjuredchildrenweretakengoodcareofinthishospital.
14.我们到校时,老人正在扫地上的落叶。
Whenwegottoschool,theoldmanwassweepingthefallenleavesontheground.
15.这个男孩在踢足球时,摔断了左腿。
Whiletheboywasplayingfootball,hisleftleggotbroken.
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2018·江西樟树中学高二月考)
LastSaturdayafternoon,IwenttothesupermarkettomeetmyfriendSammy.Weplannedtomeetat3:
00p.m.AsIarrived15minutes16.earlier(early)Idecidedtohaveasnackandadrink.Iwenttoanewcafe17.called(call)TheMetro.ItwasalittleexpensiveandIjustgotasoda.Itwasreally18.crowded(crowd),butIfoundatableandsatdown.
Thenaguycameoverandsatoppositeme.Hehadacupofcoffeeandasandwich.Hedrank19.thecoffeeandatehalfofthesandwich,andthenheleft.Iwassohungry,soIatetheotherhalf,20.which,Ithought,wasobviouslyleftover.Thenafewminuteslater,hecameback.Hewasonhiscellphone,soIdidn’tgivean21.explanation(explain)aboutthesandwich.Ijustleft22.feeling(feel)veryembarrassed.
Butthingsgoteven23.worse(bad).ImetmyfriendSammylaterandshesaidhercousinJosh24.waswaiting(wait)forusinTheMetroCafe.Andyes,itwasthesameguy.Oh,myGosh!
HowIwishIcouldslide25.intotheground.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2017·江西致远中学高二月考)
The92-year-old,thin,calmandproudlady,whoisfullydressedeachmorningbyeighto’clock,eventhoughsheisnearlyblind,movedtoanursinghometoday.
Herhusbandofseventyyearsrecentlypassedaway,makingthemovenecessary.Aftermanyhoursofwaitingpatientlyinthehallofthenursinghome,shesmiledsweetlywhentoldherroomwasready.
Asshewalkedslowlytotheelevator,Iprovidedatruedescriptionofhertinyroom,includingtheoldsheetsthathadbeenhungonherwindow.“Iloveit,”shesaidwiththehappinessofaneight-year-oldhavingjustbeenpresentedwithanewpuppy.
“MrsJones,youhaven’tseentheroom...justwait.”
“Thatdoesn’tmatter,”shereplied.“Happinessissomethingyoudecideaheadoftime.WhetherIlikemyroomornotdoesn’tdependonhowthefurnitureisarranged.It’showIarrangedmymind.Ihavealreadydecidedtoloveit.It’sadecisionImakeeverymorningwhenIwakeup.Eachdayisagift,andaslongasmyeyesopenI’llfocusonthenewdayandallthehappymemoriesI’vestoredaway.”Shewentontoexplain,“Oldageislikeabankaccount.Youtakewhatyou’veputin.So,myadvicetoyouwouldbetoputinalotofhappinessinthebankaccountofmemories.Thankyouforyourpartinfillingmymemorybank.”Andwithasmile,shesaid,“Allmymemoriesarehappyones.”
语篇解读 本文介绍了一位九十二岁老太太保持快乐心情的秘诀。
1.Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthor.
A.isoneofMrsJones’children
B.worksinthenursinghome
C.isarelativeofMrsJones
D.istheownerofthenursinghome
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
根据第三段第一句“Asshewalkedslowlytotheelevator,Iprovidedatruedescriptionofhertinyroom...”可知,作者是nursinghome的工作人员。
故选B。
2.MrsJoneswasveryhappywhentoldaboutherroombecauseshe.
A.couldn’tseewhatherroomwaslike
B.thoughtthenursinghomewasherhome
C.hadalreadymadeuphermindtobehappy
D.wouldhavetoliveinthenursinghome
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据最后一段中MrsJones的话“Happinessissomethingyoudecideaheadoftime.WhetherIlikemyroomornotdoesn’tdependonhowthefurnitureisarranged.It’showIarrangedmymind.”可知,MrsJones谈到她的房间时很快乐是因为她已经决定快乐了。
故选C。
3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMrsJones?
A.Proud.B.Determined.
C.Cheerful.D.Honest.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
通读全文可知MrsJones认为快乐与否是自己提前决定的,每天一醒来她就决定快乐地生活,每天都是一个礼物。
由此可知她是一个快乐的人。
故选C。
B
(2017·四川新津中学高二月考)
Twelveyearsago,RachelMillerwaslostwhenitcametohersonJohn.The7-year-oldwasseriouslydisabledbecauseofhisautism(自闭症).Unabletospeak,hewithdrewfrompeopleatschooland,worse,fromhisfamily.
InMarch2003,MillerwasintroducedtoJeffHancock,aone-on-onetherapist(治疗师)forpeoplewithautism.HancockwashiredtobeJohn’scompanion.Thetwowouldgopeople-watchingatthemallontheweekend.Hancockchattedthroughouttheirtrips,eventhoughJohncouldn’ttalkback.
TheirrelationshipdevelopedwhenHancockintroducedJohntotheSpecialOlympics.WheneverJohnwasrunningorbeingactive,hewassmiling.
WhenJohnturned12,HancockintroducedhimtotrackattheSpecialOlympics.Forthefirstthreeyears,thepairjustobservedthesportbywatchingpracticesandevents.HancockworkeddailywithJohn,showinghimeverything,includingwheretosit,standandwalk,sohewouldunderstandtheflowoftheevents.
Eventually,thelessonsclicked,andJohnwasoffdoing50-metersprints.ButasJohngotolder,hegotstrongerandfaster.At16,hewasjumpinghurdlesanddoing800-meterraces.Millerstartedseeinghersonasaseriousathlete.
InMay2014,John’strainingbroughthimtotheSpecialOlympicsStateSummerGamesinOrlando.The18-year-oldwascompetinginthe800metersandthe110-meterhurdles.
Asthe800wassettingup,Millerremembered,shepressedherfaceagainstthefence,anxiouslywaitingforJohntocompete.Butassoonastheracestarted,allMillersawwasanathlete,herathlete.
“Ijustwantedtoseethebestperformance.Itseemedmuchmoresignificantthanwhetherhewouldeverspeakorrespondtome,”shesaid.
Johnendedupwinningthegoldmedalforthe800.SportscompletelychangedJohn,andMillersaidthatisbecauseofHancock.“Apersonwithadisabilitycanfeelhopelessandisolated,andIthinkthatcanhappentoparents,too.”
语篇解读 本文讲述了一个患有自闭症的孩子如何成长为一个合格运动员的故事。
4.Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus.
A.howRachelMillerfelt12yearsago
B.howseriousJohn’sautismwas
C.Johnwasn’tgoodatcommunication
D.whenJohnbecameseriouslydisabled
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。
通读第一段可知,本段主要讲RachelMiller很为儿子忧心,因为他患有自闭症,而且很严重。
故选B。
5.MillerconsideredJohntobeaseriousathlete.
A.in2011B.in2012
C.in2013D.in2014
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
根据第五段最后两句“At16,hewasjumpinghurdlesanddoing800-meterraces.Millerstartedseeinghersonasaseriousathlete.”可知,在十六岁时,米勒把约翰看作是一个认真的运动员;由第六段可知,2014年时约翰十八岁,由此可推知他十六岁时应是2012年。
故选B。
6.WhenMillersawJohn’sperformanceinthe800,shefelt.
A.curiousB.amazed
C.delightedD.upset
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据倒数第二段提到“Ijustwantedtoseethebestperformance.Itseemedmuchmoresignificantthanwhetherhewouldeverspeakorrespondtome...”可知,约翰的表现非常好,朱勒当然感到高兴。
故选C项。
7.Thepassageismainlycarriedout.
A.bygivingexamplesB.inasadtone
C.inspaceorderD.intimeorder
答案 D
解析 推