武汉理工大学数据库系统原理总复习题完整版含答案.docx

武汉理工大学数据库系统原理总复习题完整版含答案.docx

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武汉理工大学数据库系统原理总复习题完整版含答案

武汉理工大学数据库系统原理总复习题（完整版含答案）

1.Questions

1.1Whatisthepurposeofadatabase?

ANSWER：

Thepurposeofadatabaseistohelppeopletrackofthings.

1.2Whatisthemostcommonlyusedtypeofdatabase?

ANSWER:

themostcommonlyusedtypeofdatabaseistherelationaldatabase.

1.7Definethetermsdataandinformation.Explainhowthetwotermsdiffer.

ANSWER:

Dataarerecordedfactsandnumbers.

wecannowdefineinformationas:

●Knowledgederivedfromdata.

●Datapresentedinameaningfulcontext.

●Dataprocessedbysumming,ordering,averaging,grouping,comparingorothersimilaroperations.

1.10Whatproblemcanoccurwhenadatabaseisprocessedbymorethanoneuser?

ANSWER:

Whenmorethanoneuseremploysadatabaseapplication,theseisalwaysthechancethatoneuser'sworkmayinterferewithother's.

1.12Whatisthepurposeofthelargestdatabasesate-commercecompaniessuchasA?

ANSWER:

Thelargestdatabasesarethosethattrackcustomerbrowserbehavior.（用来记录用户的浏览行为的。

）

1.13Howdothee-commercecompaniesusethesedatabases?

.

ANSWER:

E-commercecompaniesuseWebactivitydatabasestodeterminewhichitemsonaWebpagearepopularandsuccessfulandwhicharenot.

1.14Howdodigitaldashboardanddataminingapplicationsdifferfromtransactionprocessingapplications?

ANSWER:

Digitaldashboardsandotherreportingsystemsassesspastandcurrentperformance.Dataminingapplicationspredictfutureperformance.

1.15Explainwhyasmalldatabaseisnotnecessarilysimplerthanalargeone.

Whatarethefunctionsofapplicationprograms?

ANSWER:

Supposedwehave2companywhicharedifferentinsalesbuthavesimilardatabase.Thoughthedifferenceinsale,bothhavethesamekindsofdata,aboutthesamenumberoftablesofdata,andthesamelevelofcomplexityindatarelationships.Onlytheamountofdatavariesfromonetotheother.Thus,althoughadatabaseforasmallbusinessmaybesmall,itisnotnecessarilysimple.

1.18WhatisStructuredQueryLanguage（SQL）,andwhyisitimportant?

ANSWER:

StructuredQueryLanguage（SQL）isaninternationallyrecognizedstandardlanguage.BecauseitcanbeunderstoodbyallcommercialDBMSproducts,indatabaseprocessingandthefactthatdatabaseapplicationstypicallysendSQLstatementstotheDBMSforprocessing.

1.19WhatdoesDBMSstandfor?

ANSWER:

Thedatabasemanagementsystem.

1.20WhatarethefunctionsoftheDBMS?

ANSWER:

Itcanbeusedtocreate,process,andadministerthedatabase.

1.21NamethreevendorsofDBMSproducts.

ANSWER:

IBM,Microsoft,Oracle.

1.22Definethetermdatabase.

ANSWER:

Adatabaseisaself-describingcollectionofintegratedtables.

1.23Whyisadatabaseconsideredtobeself-describing?

ANSWER:

Adatabaseisself-describingbecauseitcontainsadescriptionofitself.Thus,databasescontainnotonlytablesofuserdata,butalsotablesofdatathatdescribethatuserdata.

1.24Whatismetadata?

Howdoesthistermpertaintoadatabase?

ANSWER:

databasescontainnotonlytablesofuserdata,butalsotablesofdatathatdescribethatuserdata.Suchdescriptivedataiscalledmetadatabecauseitisdataaboutdata.

1.25Whatadvantageisthereinstoringmetadataintables?

ANSWER:

Becausemetadataisstoredintables,youcanuseSQLtoqueryit.Thus,bylearninghowtowriteSQLtoqueryusertables,youwillalsolearnhowtowriteSQLtoquerymetadata.

1.26Listthecomponentsofadatabaseotherthanusertablesandmetadata.

•Tablesofuserdata

•Metadata

•Indexes

•Storedprocedures

•Triggers

•Securitydata

•Backup/recoverydata

1.27IsMicrosoftAccessaDBMS?

Whyorwhynot?

ANSWER:

No,MicrosoftAccessisnotjustaDBMS.Rather,itisapersonaldatabasesystem:

aDBMSplusanapplicationgenerator.

BecausealthoughMicrosoftAccesscontainsaDBMSenginethatcreates,processes,andadministersthedatabase,italsocontainsform,report,andquerycomponentsthataretheMicrosoftAccessapplicationgenerator

1.37Listseveralconsequencesofapoorlydesigneddatabase.

ANSWER:

-TheymayrequireapplicationdeveloperstowriteoverlycomplexandcontrivedSQLtoget–wanteddata.

-theymaybedifficulttoadapttonewandchangingrequirements.

-theymayfailinsomeotherway.

1.38Explaintwowaysthatadatabasecanbedesignedfromexistingdata.

ANSWER:

ThefirsttypeofdatabasedesigninvolvesdatabasesthatareconstructedfromexistingData.

Asecondwaythatdatabasesaredesignedisforthedevelopmentofnewinformationsystems.

1.39Whatisadatawarehouse?

Whatisadatamart?

ANSWER:

Thedatawarehouseanddatamartdatabasesstoredataspecificallyorganizedforresearchandreportingpurposes,andthesedataoftenareexportedtootheranalyticaltools,suchasSAS’sEnterpriseMiner,IBM'sSPSSDataModeler,orTIBCO'sSpotfireMetrics.

1.40Describethegeneralprocessofdesigningadatabaseforanewinformationsystem.

ANSWER:

First,theteamcreatesadatamodelfromtherequirementsstatementsandthentransformsthatdatamodelintoadatabasedesign.

1.41Explaintwowaysthatdatabasescanberedesigned.

ANSWER:

Inthefirst,adatabaseisadaptedtoneworchangingrequirements.Thisprocesssometimesiscalleddatabasemigration.Inthemigrationprocess,tablesmaybecreated,modified,orremoved;relationshipsmaybealtered;dataconstraintsmaybechanged;andsoforth.

Thesecondtypeofdatabaseredesigninvolvestheintegrationoftwoormoredatabases.Thistypeofredesigniscommonwhenadaptingorremovinglegacysystems.Itisalsocommonforenterpriseapplicationintegration,whentwoormorepreviouslyseparateinformationsystemsareadaptedtoworkwitheachother.

1.42Whatdoesthetermdatabasemigrationmean?

ANSWER:

Theprocessofadatabaseisadaptedtoneworchangingrequirements.

1.43Summarizethevariouswaysthatyoumightworkwithdatabasetechnology.

ANSWER:

Inourcareer,wemayworkwithdatabasetechnologyaseitherauserorasadatabaseadministrator.

Asauser,youmaybeaknowledgeworkerwhopreparesreports,minesdata,anddoesothertypesofdataanalysisoryoumaybeaprogrammerwhowritesapplicationsthatprocessthedatabase.

Alternatively,youmightbeadatabaseadministratorwhodesigns,constructs,andmanagesthedatabaseitself.UsersareprimarilyconcernedwithconstructingSQLstatementstogetandputthedatatheywant.Databaseadministratorsareprimarilyconcernedwiththemanagementofthedatabase.

1.44Whatjobfunctionsdoesaknowledgeworkerperform?

ANSWER:

preparingreports,miningdata,anddoingothertypesofdataanalysis.

1.45Whatjobfunctionsdoesadatabaseadministratorperform?

ANSWER:

designing,constructing,andmanagingthedatabaseitself.

1.47Whatneeddrovethedevelopmentofthefirstdatabasetechnology?

ANSWER:

Theneedfordataintegrationdrovethedevelopmentofthefirstdatabasetechnology.

1.48WhatareDataLanguage/IandCODASYLDBTG?

ANSWER:

DataLanguage/I（DL/I）usedhierarchiesortrees（seeAppendixG）torepresentrelationships.

Thissubcommitteedevelopedastandarddatamodelthatcametobearitsname—theCODASYLDBTGmodel.Itwasanunnecessarilycomplicatedmodel.Thisdatarelationshipuseddatastructurescallednetworks.

1.49WhowasE.F.Codd?

ANSWER:

E.F.Coddwasalittle-knownIBMengineerpublishedapaperintheCommunicationsoftheACM3inwhichheappliedtheconceptsofabranchofmathematicscalledrelationalalgebratotheproblemof“shareddatabanks,”asdatabaseswerethenknown.Theresultsofthisworkarenowtherelationalmodelfordatabases,andallrelationaldatabaseDBMSproductsarebuiltonthismodel.

1.50Whatweretheearlyobjectionstotherelationalmodel?

1.51NametwoearlyrelationalDBMSproducts.

ANSWER:

OracleDatabase,DB2.

1.52WhataresomeofthereasonsforthesuccessofOracleDatabase?

ANSWER:

1,itwouldrunonjustaboutanycomputerandjustaboutanyoperatingsystem.

2,OracleDatabasehad,andcontinuestohave,anelegantandefficientinternaldesign.

1.53NamethreeearlypersonalcomputerDBMSproducts.

ANSWER:

dBase,R:

base,Paradox.

1.55WhatwasthepurposeofOODBMSproducts?

StatetworeasonsthatOODBMSproductswerenotsuccessful.

ANSWER:

TheyweredesignedtomakeiteasytostorethedataencapsulatedinOOPobjects.

Thereweretworeasonsfortheirlackofacceptance.First,usinganOODBMSrequiredthattherelationaldatabeconvertedfromrelationalformattoobject-orientedformat.BythetimeOODBMSemerged,billionsuponbillionsofbytesofdatawerestoredinrelationalformatinorganizationaldatabases.NocompanywaswillingtoundergotheexpensivetravailofconvertingthosedatabasestobeabletousethenewOODBMS.

Second,object-orienteddatabaseshadnosubstantialadvantageoverrelationaldatabasesformostcommercialdatabaseprocessing.Asyouwillseeinthenextchapter,SQLisnotobjectoriented.Butitworks,andthousandsofdevelopershavecreatedprogramsthatuseit.Withoutademonstrableadvantageoverrelationaldatabases,noorganizationwaswillingtotakeonthetaskofconvertingtheirdatatoOODBMSformat.

1.56WhatcharacteristicofHTTPwasaproblemfordatabaseprocessingapplications?

ANSWER:

HTTPisastatelessprotocol;aserverreceivesarequestfromauser,processestherequest,andthenforgetsabouttheuserandtherequest.Manydatabaseinteractionsaremultistage.Acustomerviewsproducts,addsoneormoretoashoppingcart,viewsmoreproducts,addsmoretotheshoppingcart,andeventuallychecksout.Astatelessprotocolcannotbeusedforsuchapplications.

1.57WhatisanopensourceDBMSproduct?

WhichofthefiveDBMSp