高中英语常用词汇辨析.docx
《高中英语常用词汇辨析.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中英语常用词汇辨析.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高中英语常用词汇辨析
高中英语常用词汇辨析
高中英语常用词汇辨析
1.clothes,cloth,clothing
Clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数:
cloth指布,为不可数动词:
clothing为服装的总称,指一件衣服用apieceofclothing,anarticleofclothing
2.incident,accident
Incident指小事件:
accident指不幸的事故
3.amount,number
Amount后接不可数名词:
number后接可数名次:
如:
anumberofstudents
4.family,house,home
Hone家,包括住处和家人:
house房子,住宅:
family家庭成员,如:
Myfamilyisahappyone.
5.sound,voice,noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音:
voice人的嗓音:
noise噪音,如:
Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.
6.photo,picture,drawing
Photo用照相机拍摄的照片:
picture可指相片,图片,电影片:
drawing指画的画
7.vocabulary,word
Vocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词量:
word具体的单词
8.population,people
Population人口,人数:
people具体的人
9.weather,climate
Weather一天内具体的天气状况:
climate长期的气候状况
10.road,street,path,way
road具体的公路,马路:
street街道:
path小路,小径:
way道路,途径
11.course,subject
Course课程(可包括多门科目):
subject科目(具体的学科),如:
asummercourse
12.course,habit
custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接todo:
habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接ofdoing
13.cause,reason
cause制造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接ofsth./doingsth.:
reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接forsth./doingsth.如:
thereasonforbeinglate
14.exercise,exercises,practice
Exercise运动,锻炼(不可数):
exercises练习(可数):
practice(反复做的)练习,如:
Practicemakesperfect.
15.class,lesson
作“课”解时,两者可以替换。
指课文用lesson,指班级或全体学生用class,如:
lesson6;class5
16.speech,talk,lecture
Speech指在公共场所所作的经过准备的较正式的演说:
talk日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话:
lecture学术性的演讲,讲课,如:
aseriesoflectureon…
17.officer,official
Officer部队的军官:
official政府官员,如:
anarmyofficer
18.work,job
二者均指工作。
Work不可数;job可数,如:
agoodjob
19.couple,pair
Couple主要指人或动物:
pair多指由两部分组成的东西,如:
apairoftrousers
20.country,nation,state,land
Country侧重指版图,疆域:
nation指人民,国民,民族:
state侧重指政府,政体;land国土,国家
21.cook,cooker
cook厨师:
cooker厨具,如:
Heisagoodcook.
22.damage,damages
Damage不可数名词,损害,损失;damages复数形式,赔偿金
23.policepoliceman
police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词:
policeman指某个具体的警察
24.problem,question
Problem常和困难练系,前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise:
question常和疑问连系,多和ask,answer连用
25.man,aman
Man人类:
aman一个男人
26.chick,chicken
二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉。
27.telegram,telegraph
当电报解时,telegram指具体的,telegraph指抽象的,如:
atelegram,bytelegraph
28.trip,journey,travel,voyage
Travel是最常用的;trip指短期的旅途;journey指稍长的旅途;voyage指海上航行;如:
athree-daytrip
29.sport,game
Sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;game指决定胜负的游戏,通常由一套规则
30.price,prize
Price价格;prize奖,奖品,奖金
31.anumberof,thenumberof
Anumberof许多,谓语动词用复数;thenumberof指“……的数目”,谓语动词用单数。
32.infrontof,inthefrontof
Infrontof范围外的前面;inthefrontof范围内的前面,如:
Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.
33.oftheday,ofaday
Oftheday每一天的,当时的,当代的;ofaday暂时的,不长久的
34.threeofus,thethreeofus
Threeofus我们(不止三个)中的三个;thethreeofus我们三个(就三个人)
35.bybus,onthebus
Bybus表手段,方式,不用冠词;onthebus表范围
36.foramoment,forthemoment
Foramoment片刻,一会儿;forthemoment暂时,一时
37.nextyear,thenextyear
Nextyear将来时间状语;thenextyear过去将来时间状语
38.morethanayear,morethanoneyear
Morethanayear一年多;morethanoneyear超过一年(两年或三年等)
39.takeadvice,takethe(one’s)advice
Takeadvice征求意见;taketheadvice接受忠告
40.takeair,taketheair
Takeair传播,走漏;taketheair到户外去,散步
41.inaword,inwords
Inaword总之,一句话;inwords口头上,如:
Inaword,youareright
42.inplaceof,intheplaceof
Inplaceof代替;intheplaceof在……地方
43.insecret,inthesecret
Insecret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般作状语;inthesecret知道内情,知道秘密,一般用作表语
44.agirl,onegirl
Agirl可泛指所有女孩;onegirl一个女孩
45.takeachair,takethechair
Takeachair相当于sitdown坐下;takethechair开始开会
46.gotosea,bysea,bythesea
Gotosea当海员,出航;bysea乘船,由海路;bythesea在海边;如:
gobysea
47.thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandtheteacher
thedoctorandteacher指一个人,既是医生又是老师;thedoctorandtheteacher两个人,一个医生和一个老师
48.inoffice,intheoffice
Inoffice在职的;intheoffice在办公室里,如:
Heisinoffice,notoutofoffice
49.inbed,onthebed
Inbed卧在床上;onthebed在床上
50.inchargeof,inthechargeof
Inchargeof管理,负责照料;inthechargeof由……照料
51.inclass,intheclass
Inclass在上课;intheclass在班级里
52.onfire,onthefire
Onfire着火;onthefire在火上
53.outofquestion,outofthequestion
Outofquestion毫无疑问的;outofthequestion不可能的
54.asecond,thesecond
Asecond又一,再一;thesecond第二
55.byday,bytheday
Byday白天;bytheday按天计算
56.thepeople,apeople
Thepeople指人;apeople指民族
57.it,one
It同一物体;one同类不同一
58.that,this
That指代上文所提到的;this导出下文所要说的
59.none,nothing,noone
None强调有多少;nothing,noone强调有没有,nothing指物,noone指人;如:
A:
howmany…/howmuch…?
B:
none
60.anyone,anyone
Anyone指人,不能接of;anyone指人物均可,可接of,如:
anyoneofyou
61.who,which
Who指姓名或关系;what指职业或地位,如:
Whatisyourdad?
Heisateacher.
62.what,which
what的选择基础是无限的;which在一定范围进行选择
63.other,another
Other后接名词复数;another后接名词单数;如:
otherstudent,anotherstudent
64.notalittle,notabit
Notalittle非常notabit一点也不
65.many,much,alotof
Many和可数名词连用;much和不可数名词连用;alotof可数、不可数均可,但不用于否定句
66.muchmore…than,manymore…than
Muchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词;manymore…than后接可数名词;如:
manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful
67.no,not
No=nota/any;如:
nofriend=nota/anyfriend;nowater=notanywater
68.nomorethan,notmorethan
Nomorethan相当于only,仅仅,只有;notmorethan至多,不超过
69.majority,most
Majority只能修饰可数名词;most可数不可数均可;如:
themajorityofpeople
70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself
Byoneself单独的,独自的;foroneself为自己;tooneself供自己用的
71.atall,afterall
Atall根本,全然;afterall到底,毕竟
72.tall,high
Tall常指人或动物;high常指物体
73.fast,quickly
Fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点;quickly侧重于指某事完成或发生得快;如:
runfast,answerthequestionquickly
74.high,highly
High具体的高;highly抽象的高,高度的;如:
thinkhighlyof
75.healthy,healthful
healthy健康的,健壮的;healthful有益于健康的,如:
healthfulexercise
76.sleeping,asleep,sleepy
Sleeping正在睡觉;asleep睡着,熟睡,只能做表语;sleepy困的,有睡意的;如:
asleepingbaby,thebabyisasleep,I’msleepy
77.gold,golden
Gold指真金制品,如:
agoldring:
golden只金色的,但金鱼用goldfish
78.most,mostly
Most用于表感受的肯定句中,相当于very,当“大部分,大多数”解时是形容词或名词;mostly大部分,是副词;如:
mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly…
79.just,very
just表强调时是副词,作状语;very表强调时是形容词,用作定语;如:
theveryman,justtheman
80.wide,broad
Wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离;broad侧重于幅面的宽广;如:
broadshoulders
81.real,true
real真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的;true真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符合;如:
realgold,atruestory
82.respectful,respectable
respectful尊敬,有礼貌;respectable可敬的,值得尊敬的;如:
berespectfultotheaged
83.outwards,outward
二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面,outward还可用作形容词,如:
anoutwardvoyage
84.pleasant,pleased,pleasing
pleasant常用作定语;pleased,pleasing常用作表语,pleased主语常为人,pleasing主语常为物;如:
anpleasanttrip,Thetripispleasing
85.understanding,understandable
understanding明白事理的,能体谅的:
understandable可理解的,能够懂的;如:
anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake
86.close,closely
close接近,靠近;closely紧紧地,紧密的;如:
closelyconnected,standclose
87.ill,sick
Ill作表语;sick定语、表语均可,如:
asickboy
88.good,well
Good形容词;well副词,但指身体状况是形容词,如:
Heiswellagain
89.quiet,silent,still
quiet安静的,可以发出小的声音;silent不发出声,但可以动;still完全不动,完全无声响
90.hard,hardly
Hard努力;hardly几乎不
91.able,capable
Able与不定式todo连用;capable与of连用
92.almost,nearly
而致君为“几乎,差不多”,和否定词连用时用almost,如:
almostnobody
93.late,lately
late迟,晚;lately最近,近来,如:
Ihaven’tseenhimlately
94.living,alive,live,lively
living,alive,live均为活着的;living定表均可;alive定表均可,定语后置;live只能做定语;lively意为活泼的;如:
allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive
95.excited,exciting
Excited使人兴奋的;exciting令人兴奋的;如:
I’mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.
96.deep,deeply
Deep具体的深;deeply抽象的深,深深地;如:
deeplymoved,digdeep
97.aloud,loud
Aloud出声地;loud大声地;如:
readloud
98.worth,worthy
二者均为值得,worth后接doing;worthy后接tobedone,ofbedone;如:
Itisworthvisiting=It’sworthytobevisited=It’sworthyofbeingvisited
99.bad,badly
Bad形容词,如:
gobad;badly副词,不好,但与need,want,require连用为“很,非常”,如:
Ineedthebookbadly.
100.beforelong,longbefore
Beforelong不久以后;longbefore很久以前;如:
notlongbefore=beforelong