语言学第四章课后练习.docx
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语言学第四章课后练习
8.ThefollowingPhraSeSineludeahead,aComPlement,andinSomeCaSeSaspecifier.DraWtheappropriatetreeStrUCtUreforeachphrases.
a.richinminerals
in
RiCh
minerals
b.oftenreaddetectiveStOrieS
Often
readdetectiveStOrieS
c.theargumentagainsttheproposals
NP
theargumentagainsttheproposals
d.alreadyabovetheWindow
PP
QUal
alreadyabovethe
Window
9.
For
eachsentence,firstidentifythe
ThefollowingSentenCeSContainmodifiersofVariOUStypes.modifier(s),thendrawthetreestructures.
a.ACriPPIedPaSSengerIandedtheairplaneWithextremeCaUtion.
InflP(S)
l
In
VP
AP
VNP
Det
NonePSt
CriPPIedPaSSenger
b.Ahugemoon
hungintheblacksky.
DetN
IandedtheairplaneWith
extremeCaUtiOn
InflP(S)
Ahuge
Infl
VP
NP
DetAP
moon
hung
in
theblack
Sky
C.ThemanexaminedhisCarcarefullyyesterday.
NP
InflP(S)
Det
The
man
d.AWoodenhutnearthelakecollapsedinthestorm.
Det
Awoodenhut
N
Det
neatthe
lake
collapsedin
DetN
thestorm
10.ThefollowingsentenCeSallContainConjoinedcategories.DraWatreeStrUCtUreforeachoftheSentences.
a.JimhasWaShedthedirtyShirtSandPants.
InflP(=S)
NP
VP
DetA
Jim
hasWaShedthedirty
ShirtS
CONN
ahdPantS
or
InflP(=S)
WaShedthedirty
DetA
ShirtS
CONN
ahdPantS
b.HelenPUtOnherclothesandwentout.
InflP(=S)
NP
AdV
herclothesand
Went
HelenPUtOn
out
OR
InflP(=S)
herclothesand
Went
HelenPUtOn
out
c.MaryisfondofIiteratUrebuttiredofStatiStics.
InflP(=S)
CoN
Mary
isfondofIiteratUre
but
(is)
tiredof
StatiStiCS
OR
Maryis
fondofIiteratUre
but(is)tiredof
StatiStiCS
11.ThefollowingSentenCeSallcontainContainembeddedCIaUSeSthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aPrePOSitiOnOranoun.DraWatreeStrUCtUreforeachSentence.
a.YoUknowthatIhatewar.
S
S
Ihate
YOuknowthat
OR
S
Youknowthat
S
b.GerrybelievesthefactthatAnnafIUnkedtheEnglishexam.
N
VP
Gerrybelieve
the
factthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam
c.ChriSWaShappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.
S
ChriSWaS
happythathisfatherboughthim
aRolls-Royce
d.TheChiIdrenarguedoverWhetherbatshadwings.S
12.
a.TheessaythathewroteWaSexcellent.
DeePStrUCtUre
CP
S
Det
DegP
NPInfl
V
NP
The
essayhe
wrote
that
WaS
tooIong
SUrfaCeStrUCtUre
CP
S
Det
DegP
NPNPInfl
V
NP
Theessaythathe
wrote
WaS
tooIong
b.HebertboughtahousethatSheloved.
DeePStrUCtUre
NP
N
DetN
Shelovedthat
Hebert
SUrfaCeStrUCtUre
boughtahoUse
NP
N
DetN
Shelovede
Hebert
boughtahousethat
t
c.ThegirlWhomheadoresmajorsinIinguistics.
DeePStrUCtUre
CP
S
CInflSPNP
headoreswhommajors
Thegirl
inIinguistics
SUrfaCeStrUCtUre
CP
S
NP
CP
DetN
VP
PP
NP
CInfl
S
NP
N
N
VN
Thegirlwhom
he
adoresemajors
inIinguistics
13.
a.WouldyouCometomorrow?
DeePStrUCtUre
CP
CS
SUrfaCeStrUCtUre
CP
C
Infl
would
t
S
b.WhatdidHelenbringtotheparty?
DeePStrUCtUre
CP
S
Helen
did
theParty
bringWhatto
SUrfaCeStrUCtUre
CP
c.WhObrokethewindow?
DeePStrUCtUre