语言学第四章课后练习.docx

语言学第四章课后练习.docx

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语言学第四章课后练习

8.ThefollowingPhraSeSineludeahead,aComPlement,andinSomeCaSeSaspecifier.DraWtheappropriatetreeStrUCtUreforeachphrases.

a.richinminerals

in

RiCh

minerals

b.oftenreaddetectiveStOrieS

Often

readdetectiveStOrieS

c.theargumentagainsttheproposals

NP

theargumentagainsttheproposals

d.alreadyabovetheWindow

PP

QUal

alreadyabovethe

Window

9.

For

eachsentence,firstidentifythe

ThefollowingSentenCeSContainmodifiersofVariOUStypes.modifier（s）,thendrawthetreestructures.

a.ACriPPIedPaSSengerIandedtheairplaneWithextremeCaUtion.

InflP（S）

l

In

VP

AP

VNP

Det

NonePSt

CriPPIedPaSSenger

b.Ahugemoon

hungintheblacksky.

DetN

IandedtheairplaneWith

extremeCaUtiOn

InflP（S）

Ahuge

Infl

VP

NP

DetAP

moon

hung

in

theblack

Sky

C.ThemanexaminedhisCarcarefullyyesterday.

NP

InflP（S）

Det

The

man

d.AWoodenhutnearthelakecollapsedinthestorm.

Det

Awoodenhut

N

Det

neatthe

lake

collapsedin

DetN

thestorm

10.ThefollowingsentenCeSallContainConjoinedcategories.DraWatreeStrUCtUreforeachoftheSentences.

a.JimhasWaShedthedirtyShirtSandPants.

InflP（=S）

NP

VP

DetA

Jim

hasWaShedthedirty

ShirtS

CONN

ahdPantS

or

InflP（=S）

WaShedthedirty

DetA

ShirtS

CONN

ahdPantS

b.HelenPUtOnherclothesandwentout.

InflP（=S）

NP

AdV

herclothesand

Went

HelenPUtOn

out

OR

InflP（=S）

herclothesand

Went

HelenPUtOn

out

c.MaryisfondofIiteratUrebuttiredofStatiStics.

InflP（=S）

CoN

Mary

isfondofIiteratUre

but

（is）

tiredof

StatiStiCS

OR

Maryis

fondofIiteratUre

but（is）tiredof

StatiStiCS

11.ThefollowingSentenCeSallcontainContainembeddedCIaUSeSthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aPrePOSitiOnOranoun.DraWatreeStrUCtUreforeachSentence.

a.YoUknowthatIhatewar.

S

S

Ihate

YOuknowthat

OR

S

Youknowthat

S

b.GerrybelievesthefactthatAnnafIUnkedtheEnglishexam.

N

VP

Gerrybelieve

the

factthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam

c.ChriSWaShappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.

S

ChriSWaS

happythathisfatherboughthim

aRolls-Royce

d.TheChiIdrenarguedoverWhetherbatshadwings.S

12.

a.TheessaythathewroteWaSexcellent.

DeePStrUCtUre

CP

S

Det

DegP

NPInfl

V

NP

The

essayhe

wrote

that

WaS

tooIong

SUrfaCeStrUCtUre

CP

S

Det

DegP

NPNPInfl

V

NP

Theessaythathe

wrote

WaS

tooIong

b.HebertboughtahousethatSheloved.

DeePStrUCtUre

NP

N

DetN

Shelovedthat

Hebert

SUrfaCeStrUCtUre

boughtahoUse

NP

N

DetN

Shelovede

Hebert

boughtahousethat

t

c.ThegirlWhomheadoresmajorsinIinguistics.

DeePStrUCtUre

CP

S

CInflSPNP

headoreswhommajors

Thegirl

inIinguistics

SUrfaCeStrUCtUre

CP

S

NP

CP

DetN

VP

PP

NP

CInfl

S

NP

N

N

VN

Thegirlwhom

he

adoresemajors

inIinguistics

13.

a.WouldyouCometomorrow?

DeePStrUCtUre

CP

CS

SUrfaCeStrUCtUre

CP

C

Infl

would

t

S

b.WhatdidHelenbringtotheparty?

DeePStrUCtUre

CP

S

Helen

did

theParty

bringWhatto

SUrfaCeStrUCtUre

CP

c.WhObrokethewindow?

DeePStrUCtUre