考研英语一真题及参考答案解析.docx
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考研英语一真题及参考答案解析
2010年考研英语一
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank.andmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
In1924AmericanNationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone—partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting__1__workersproductivity.Instead,thestudiesended__2__givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect"theextremelyinfluentialideathevery__3__tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior
Theideaarosebecauseofthe__4__behaviorofthewomenintheplant。
Accordingto__5__oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed。
Itdidnot__6__whatwasdoneintheexperiment.__7__somethingwaschangedproductivityrose.A(n)__8__thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe__9__toalterworkers’behavior__10__itself
Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere__11__toeconometrictheanalysisHawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic__13__wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting
Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto__14__interpretationofwhathappened.__15__,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSundayWhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output__16__rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand__17__toriseforthenextcoupleofdays__18__,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers__19__tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before__20__aplateauandthenslackeningoff。
Thissuggeststhatthealleged“Hawthorneeffect”ishardtopindown
1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored
2。
[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off
3。
[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof
4。
[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous
5。
[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments
6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work
7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas
8。
[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion
9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant
10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by
11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed
12。
[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]peculiarto
13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source
14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading
15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual
16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly
17。
[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued
20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish—languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar—reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.
Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig—citynewspapers。
Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews。
Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies。
WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared。
Inthosefar—offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered。
Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress。
“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.’”
Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten。
NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical—musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest—seller。
Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored。
Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists。
IsthereanychancethatCardus'scriticismwillenjoyarevival?
Theprospectseemsremote。
Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized。
Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat。
21.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that
[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig—citynewspapers。
[B]English—languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews。
[C]high—qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.
[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies。
22。
NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby
[A]freethemes。
[B]casualstyle.
[C]elaboratelayout.
[D]radicalviewpoints.
23。
WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?
[A]Itiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.
[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists。
[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism。
[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.
24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?
[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday。
[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.
[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.
[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.
25.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays
[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers
[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism
[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory
Text2
Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshaveseengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods。
Amazoncomreceivedoneforits“one—click”onlinepaymentsystemMerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforlyingabox.
Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalehackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.Inamovethathasintellectual—propertylawyersabuzztheU.ScourtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness—methodpatents。
InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”,saysDermis’D,CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents”
Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout—facebecauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness—methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepintstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions。
Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbentthemtothepunch。
In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business—methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice。
TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket。
TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling。
TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupreme。
Countthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions"thatareobvious。
ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactiontotheanti-patenttrendatthesupremecourt"saysHaroleCWegner,apartendattorneyandprofessoratWashingtonUniversityLawSchool。
26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof
[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation
[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization
27。
WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?
[A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction
[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFedera