中三语法考点整合.docx
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中三语法考点整合
初中英语语法考点整合
一.名词
1.可数名词①单数a/an-anhour/honestunusual,a/one/university/uniform/useful
②复数两器官foot—feettooth—teeth
三种人man—menwoman—womenchild—children
四国人ChineseJapaneseEnglishFrenchman
五动物fish—fishdeer—deersheep—sheepmouse—mice
potato(es)tomato(eshero(es)radio(s)photo(s)zoo(s)
thief—thieveswife—wiveshalf—halvesleaf—leaves
knife—kniveswolf—wolveslife--lives
③单数结构—表复数theclass,thepeople,thepolice,thefamily,thestaff,group
④复数结构—表单数news,physics,abacus,maths,
⑤永远是复数—pants,shorts,glasses
2.不可数名词(只能当作单数)数量的表达---数词+量词+of+不可数名词
apieceofpaper,twopiecesofmusic/news/meat/chicken,threeslicesofturkey,
fourteaspoonsofhoney,twoglassesofmilk,fourbottlesofwater,fivebowlsofsoup.
3.many/few/afew+可数名词,much/little/alittle+不可数名词
anumberof=many,abitof=alittle,thenumberof
plentyof=alotof=lotsof+可数名词/不可数名词
some/any+可数名词/不可数名词,apairof..,+单数动词
4.Teachers’Day,Mother’sDay,Father’sDay.Children’sDay,Women’sDay,
tenminutes’walk,twohours’drive,intwodays=intwodays’time,
afriendofmymother’s=oneofmymother’sfriends,
Jim’sandLiLei’smothers(各自的)JimandLilei’sclassroom(共有的)
5.appletrees,tomatonoodles,an8-year-oldgirl,70-yearhistory,
threewomenteacherstwomendoctors,fourgirlstudents.
二.冠词a/an—基本意义“一”
the—①第二次出现②独一无二③最高级④序数词⑤乐器⑥专有名词
三.代词
1.人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey(动词前)
宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem(动词或介词后)
2.物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir(后必有名词)
名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs(后无名词)
3.反身代词enjoy/hurt/buy/help/teach/learnby/allbyoneself/leaveonebyoneself
4.不定代词both+复数=bothof+复数,both…and…,放be后,行为动词前,both=either,neither+单数/neitherof+复数+单数动词,neither…nor…(就近原则)
either+单数/eitherof+复数+单数动词,either…or…(就近原则)
all+复数/allof+复数,all放be之后,行为动词前。
noneof+复数
something/anything/nothing/everything+adj.
5.疑问代词/不定代词+else
—whoelse?
whatelse?
anythingelse?
somewhereelse.
四.形容词、副词
1.形容词….“…的”,副词…“…地”
2.形容词+ly→副词
3.连系动词+形容词,行为动词+副词
连系动词—1be,2ee(feel,keep,seem),3“变”(get,turn,become),
4“起来”(look,sound,smell,taste).
4.比较等级:
原级—出现一者,或as…as,very,quite,too,so..+原级
比较级—出现两者,或有than的标志。
比较级+and+比较级.
the+比较级,the+比较级
最高级—出现三者或三者以上,in/of…(the+最高级),序数词+最高级
early-earlier-earliest,clever-cleverer-cleverest,
tired-moretired-mosttired,fat-fatter-fattest,
big-bigger-biggest,heavy-heavier-heaviest,
happy-happier-happiest,many/much-more-most,
little-less-least,bad/badly/ill-worse-worst,
far-farther/further-farthest/furthest.
五.数词:
基数词表数量多少,序数词表顺序。
基数词变序数词的口诀:
1、2、3,要牢记,(one-first,two-second,three-third)
-th,从4起,(four-fourth,six-sixth,seven-seventh,ten-tenth)
8+h,9去e,(eight-eighth,nine-ninth)
-ve变f,(five-fifth,twelve-twelfth)
-ty变成-tie(twenty-twentieth,thirty-thirtieth)
注意:
the+序数词
六.连词:
1.and/but/or/so
Ihavenopensandnopencils.=Idon’thavepensorpencils.
Hurryup!
Or(否则)we’llbelateforthemeeting.
2.if是否(用正常时态)Idon’tknowifhe’llcome.Ifhecomes,I’llcallyou.
if如果(用一般现在时表将来)
unless=if…not(用一般现在时表将来)
3.when,before,after,until,assoonas…(用一般现在时表将来)
4.when+各种动词和时态
While+延续性动词的进行时态
5.not+非延续性动词+until
七.介词
1.above—below(表界限)abovezero,belowthesealevel,
2.on/over/above—under(表位置)(over正上方)(above斜上方)
3.except(不包括)—besides(包括)
4.between(两者之间)--among(三者及以上之中)
5.with(具有)--without(没有),withthehelpofsb,withoutone’shelp.
6.with(+工具)—in(+语言、声音、方式),withapen,inalow/loudvoice,inEnglish
7.in(在内部)/on(接壤)/to(外部,不相连)+theeast/west/south/northofBeijing
inthetree--onthetree,inthewall—onthewall,inthebook/newspaper/photo.
8.since+过去时间,for+一段时间for5years=since5yearsago,since2006
9.across(表面穿过)---through(内部穿过)
10.in+(大时间,年月)/on+(具体的一天活有修饰词的morning/afternoon/evening/night)/
at+钟点、时刻,at8:
00,atnoon,atnight,inthemorning/afternoon/evening,
onarainyday,onSunday,ontheafternoonofJune1st.
11.insomeways,inFrench,infact,ingeneral,incommon,
inthisway,inaloudvoice,dowellin,dobadlyin=beweakin,
bebusy(in)doing,havetrouble(in)doing,spend…(in)doing,not…intheslightest,
12.atthistime,atpresent,atthemoment,atonce=inaminute=rightnow,
atfirst,atnight,atnoon,lookataimat,
pointat,laughat,shoutat,attheageof,begoodat,
atagoodprice,getmadwith,besurprisedat,
13.onvacation,onbusiness,ontheleft/right,dependon,decideon,
workon,put…on…,try…on…,spend…on…=pay…for…,
14.agreewith,bebusywith,beangrywith,beannoyedwith,bepleasedwith,
bestrictwith,comeupwith,helpwith,arguewith,cover…with,
becoveredwith,fill…with,befilledwith=befullof,beginwith,=startwith,
getonwellwith=getalongwellwith=begoodwith,endwith,talkwith,
providesbwithsth=providesthforsb,makefriendswith,
15.bedifferentfrom,befarfrom,beawayfrom,stayawayfrom,comefrom,
hearfromsb=receive/get/havealetterfromsb,get…from…,from…to…,
stop…(from)doing=prevent…from….,borrow…from…,
16.askfor,lookfor,befamousfor,begoodfor,bebadfor.
pay…for=spend…on…,belatefor,besuitablefor,befitfor,
thanksfor…,sendfor,have…forbreakfast,for5dollars,
asfor,waitfor,beusedfordoing…,
17.beworriedabout=worryabout,careabout,beseriousabout,beexcitedabout,
complainabout,thinkabout=thinkof,dreamabout=dreamof,hearabout=hearof,
18.beafraidof=beterrifiedof,besureof,becarefulof.befullof,
runoutof,getoutof,lookoutof,takecareof,remindof,
19.prefer…to…,holdonto,besimilarto=takeafter,lookforwardtodoing,
accordingto,get/beusedtodoing,usedtodo,besupposedtodo,
beallowedtodo,bewillingtodo,beusedtodo=beusedfordoing,
20.lookat,lookfor,lookafter=takecareof,lookthrough,lookupto,lookinto,lookoutof,lookdifferent,lookthesame,looklike…,lookup…inthedictionary,
动副结构短语(宾格代词放中间)
21.handout,giveout,helpout,workout,thinkout,
findout,takeout,putout,keepout,
22.cleanup,giveup,lookup,setup,cheerup,turnup
pickup,callup,fixup,openup,shutup,,
23.writedown,getdown,takedown,sitdown,letdown,falldown
24.puton,tryon,turnon,goon,workon,
putoff,turnoff,takeoff,gooffgetoff
25.giveaway=giveout=donate,takeaway,moveaway,washaway,
runaway,putaway,goaway,beaway(from),
八.动词
(一)。
动词种类:
1.连系动词+形容词—1be,2ee(feel,seem),3“变”(turn,get,become),
4“起来”(look,sound,smell,taste)
2.行为动词:
3.助动词:
do/does/did/,have/has/had(用于完成时)
4.情态动词:
can/may/must/could/would/should/will/shall/might+动词原形
may的否定回答用mustn’t,must的否定回答用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t/didn’thaveto,must表推测(一定),can’t(不可能),can/may/could/might(可能)
5.感官动词watch,see,hear,listen,notice,findsbdo/doingsth,
使役动词let,make,havesbdosth.(主动语态省略to,被动语态要补充出to)
6.瞬间动词:
borrow,buy,die,join,leave,come,go,arrive,getto,begin,(不与一段时间since/for连用)
延续动词:
keep,have,bedead,bein,beaway,bein,beon(与一段时间连用,since,for)
(二)。
初中英语不规则动词表
Ⅰ.A-A-Ahit-hit-hit,cut-cut-cut,cost-cost-cost,let-let-let,
put-put-put,hurt-hurt-hurt,read-read-read,
Ⅱ.A-B-Acome-came-come,become-became-become,run-ran-run,
Ⅲ.A-B-B
bring-brought-brought,buy-bought-bought,think-thought-thought,
catch-caught-caught,teach-taught-taught,build-built-built,
leave-left-left,lend-lent-lent,send-sent-sent,
spend-spent-spent,lose-lost-lost,mean-meant-meant,
meet-met-met,smell-smelt-smelt,feel-felt-felt,
sit-sat-sat,learn-learnt-learnt,hear-heard-heard,
hold-held-held,make-made-made,tell-told-told,
sell-sold-sold,stand-stood-stood,understand-understood-understood,
flee-fled-fled,feed-fed-fed,find-found-found,
say-said-said,lead-led-led,have/has-had-had,
win-won-won,lay-laid-laid,
Ⅳ.尾音/n/
choose-chose-chosen,break-broke-broken,speak-spoke-spoken,
wake-woke-woken,show-showed-shown,take-took-taken,
mistake-mistook-mistaken,drive-drove-driven,know-knew-known,
grow-grew-grown,draw-drew-drawn,fly-flew-flown,
eat-ate-eaten,get-got-got/gotten,forget-forgot-forgotten,
fall-fell-fallen,wear-wore-worn,hide-hid-hidden,
ride-rode-ridden,give-gave-given,steal-stole-stolen,
write-wrote-written,sleep-slept-slept,keep-kept-kept,
sweep-swept-swept,lie-lay-lain,
Ⅴ.i-a-u结构
ring-rang-rung,sing-sang-sung,swim-swam-swum,
begin-began-begun,drink-drank-drunk,sink-sank-sunk,
ⅥA-B-C无规律
go-went-gone,am/is-was-been,are-were-been,
do-did-done,can-could,may-might,
will-would,shall-should,must-must,
(三)。
动词的谓语形式:
时态和语态
1.现在进行时:
(1)定义:
表示现在正在进行的动作。
(2)标志:
Look!
Listen!
now=atthemoment,It’s6:
00o’clock.
(3)动词形式:
am/is/are+V-ingIt’s7o’clock.Wearehavingdinner.
2.过去进行时:
(1)定义:
表示过去正在进行的动作。
(2)标志:
①when+过去式②过去的钟点或时刻,atthistimeyesterday
③While…..HewaswatchingTVat6:
30yesterdayevening.
(3)动词形式:
was/were+V-ing
Wearehavingdinneratthistimeyesterday/whenhecameback.
3.一般现在时:
(1)定义:
表示经常发生的动作。
(2)标志:
always,often,usually,sometimes,hardlyever,never,every
(3)动词形式:
V原/V-s/es.
Heusuallygetsupat6inthemorningandgoestowork.Ihardlyeverexercise.
4.一般过去时:
(1)定义:
表示过去发生的动作。
(2)标志:
yesterday,last….,….ago,after+一段时间=一段时间+later,thenext….,
(3)动词形式:
过去式Hebecameadriverthenextyear.
5.一般将来时:
(1)定义:
表示将来发生的动作。
(2)标志:
tomorrow,next….,in+(一段时间),soon,inthefuture,
(3)动词形式:
①will+动词原形②am/is/aregoingto+V-ing③am/is/are+V-ing
There__________asoccermatchtomorrowevening/intwodays.
A.willhaveB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.ar