高考英语阅读理解强化训练29附详解.docx
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高考英语阅读理解强化训练29附详解
高考英语阅读理解强化训练(二十九)
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Mostpeopleagreethatthedirect,assertive(过分自信的)Americanpersonalityisavirtue,butitsometimessurprisesforeigners.Inmanycultures,respectforolderpeopleorthoseinpositionsofauthoritykeepsothersfromexpressingtheirtruefeelings.ButintheU.S,childrenoftenarguewiththeirparents,studentsmaydisagreewiththeirteachers,andcitizensmayexpressoppositiontotheactionsofthegovernment.Ifthesouphasaflyinitorthemeatistootoughtochew,thedinercancomplaintothewaiter,ifthebossmakesamistake,anemployeewillpolitelypointitout.
SomestraighttalkabouttheAmericancharactermustincludetheadmissionthatAmericanshavetheirfaults.TheextremelycompetitivenatureofAmericansisprobablytheirworstfault.Ofcourse,competitionisn’talwaysbad.Asamatteroffact,itpromotesexcellencebyencouragingindividualsandbusinessestotrytodotheirbest.Butthedesiretogetaheadofotherssometimescausespeopletodothingsthatareunkindandevendishonest.Also,Americansadmirewhatispractical,fast,efficient,andfresh.Sometimestheyfailtounderstandandappreciatepracticesthathavegreaterrespectformoretraditional,leisurelywaysofdoingthings.Ontheotherhand,peoplefromotherculturesmaydislikethepractical,challengingAmericanlifestyle.
Despiteculturedifferences,mostforeignersgiveAmericanscreditfortheirvirtues.Americansaregenerallyviewedasfriendly,adaptable,energetic,andkindhearted.MostnewcomerstotheU.S.likeAmericans,andthefeelingisusuallymutual.PerhapsthegreatestAmericanvirtueisadeepinterestinnewideasandnewpeople.Inanationofimmigrants,theforeignerdoesnotremainanoutsiderforlong.
1.Inordertoshowtherespectforolderpeople,..
A.peoplefromsomeothercultureswillalwaysexpresstheirtruefeeling
B.peoplefromsomeotherculturesmaysometimeshidetheirtruefeeling
C.Americansalwaysshowtheirtruefeelings
D.Americansusuallyarguewiththem
2.WhyistheextremelycompetitivenatureconsideredasoneofAmericanfaults?
A.Becausepeoplefromotherculturesfearcompetition.
B.BecauseonlyAmericanpeopleownit.
C.Becauseitwillmakepeopleforgetleisure.
D.Becauseitmaysometimesurgepeopletodosomethingbad.
3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat..
A.Americanpeoplearemorecriticalofeverythingthanpeoplefromothercultures
B.theauthorbelievesthatAmericancharacterhasmorefaultsthanvirtues
C.theauthoradmiresAmericanvirtuesastheyareviewedascompetitiveandantitraditional
D.itisdifficultfornewcomerstogetonwithAmericans
4.Thepassagemainlytalksabout..
A.AmericanvirtuesB.AmericancharactersC.AmericanfaultsD.Americanlifestyles
B
TheUnitedStatesistryingtoimproveanedueationsystemthatproducesmillionsofcitizenswhocannotread,write,oradd—letalonefindingtheircountryonamap.
InhisfirstStateofUnionmessagesincetakingofficeayearago,PresidentGeorgeBushpromisedtowipeoutilliteracy(文盲)inthenextdecadeanddeclaredthat“bytheyear2008,U.Sstudentsmustbefirstintheworldinmathandscienceachievements.”Theyhavealongwaytogo.Americanstudentswereplaced14thinarecentgeneralsciencetestconductedin16countries.Inaseparatesurveyofchemistrystudents,theUnitedStatescame12outof14.Inamathematicstest,theywerelast.AccordingtoBush,thereare17millionilliteratesinthiscountryof245millionpeople.Otherestimatesputthenumberashighas23million.Inpercentageterms,thatrankstheUnitedStatesalongsideNiearagueandbelowCuba.“Thisnation,”BushsaidinhisStateoftheUnionaddress,“willnotacceptanythingbutexcellentineducation.”Bush,whohasdeclaredhimself“Educationpresident”,andseniorofficalsofhisadministrationarewarningthattheUnitedStateswillbeunabletocompeteintheworldwithoutaneducatedworkforce.
Howtoincreaseeducationalstandardsisamatterofdebateinacountrywhoseschoolshavenouniformnationalcurriculumandaresubjecttoaconfusingvarietyofstateandlocalcontrols.Mostexpertsthinkthattheproblemliesattheelementaryandhighschool'levelsratherthanwithuniversities-buteventheirgraduatesshowhugegapsingeneralknowledge.AmongtherootcausesmostfrequentlymentionedineducationdebatesisthelowrespectinwhichU.S.societyholdsteachers-incontrasttoJapanandGermany.InJapanteachingisaprofessionofhighprestige(威望)andhighpay.IntheUnitedStatesteachersarenearthebottomofthesociety.
5.By“theUnitedStatescame12outof14”(Para.2),theauthormeans.
A.theUnitedStatesranked12thnot14thinthechemistrytest
B.theUnitedStatesranked12thinthechemistrytestconductedby14countries
C.theUnitedStatesprogressedfrom14thto12thinthechemistrytest
D.theUnitedStatesranked12thinchemistrytestand14thingeneralsciencetest
6.ThecauseofloweducationallevelinAmericaincludethefollowingEXCEPTthat.
A.someproblemsexistinprimaryandsecondaryeducation
B.societykeepsteachersinlowrespect
C.Americapaysmoreattentiontoeconomyinsteadofeducation
D.Americahasnouniformnationalcourses
7.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.PresidentBushcarriedouthispromisemadeinhisfirstStateofUnionmessage.
B.TheeducationinJapanandGermanyisinhigherlevel.
C.AccordingtoBush,thenumberofilliteratesaccountsfor9%ofthetotal.
D.TeachersintheUnitedStatesenjoygoodtreatmentandgreatrespect.
8.Whichofthefollowingistherightorderoftheleast-firstofthepercentofilliterates?
A.Germany,Cuba,Nicaragua.B.Germany,Nicaragua,Cuba.
C.Nicaragua,Japan,Cuba.D.Cuba,Japan,Nicaragua.
C
NeverinthehistoryofSierraLeone’selectionshavewomensoactivelyengagedinpoliticsorcompetedforparliamentaryseats.Inthepast,womendidthedancingandcookingforelectionscampaigning.IntheMay14thelections,wesawover168womencandidatescompetitiveforPresident,VicePresidentandParliamentaryseats.
Onewouldthinkthatabout5%ofthesewomenwouldhaveemergedaswinners.Butitwasnotso,becauseofourculturalperceptionofwomen.Weneedtochangeourculture.Womencouldbeactivepoliticians.TheChristiansintheirownwayencouragedwomentobepreachers(传教士)buttheMuslimleaderssaywomenshouldnotheadforofficiating(主持)prayers.
Thesamehappensincertainpartsofthecountrywherewomenarenotpartofdecisiontakeninmalesecretsocieties.Thispreventsthemfromachievingsomeoftheirgoals.Aseniorheadinoneoftheministriestoldmethatshewasgettingproblemswithsomeofherstaffmembersespeciallythemalestaff.MostwomenthatcomefromtheNorthernpartofcountryexperiencesuchproblems.Somemenaresayingthatawomancannotbetheirleader.
Somewomenarealsoprejudicedagainsttheirwomenfolks.Inthelastelections,mostwomandidnotsupporttheircolleagues.Insomepartsofthecountry,becausetheyarenotmembersofsecretsocietiestheywerenotallowedtocontestforchieftaincies(酋长或首领的位置).However,SierraLeonesnotwithstandingtheculturalprejudiceagainstwomenhaswitnessedwomenoccupyinghighpublicoffices.Theyhavebeenappointedtoheadcertainareas.
SierraLeoneismovingfromitspastculture.Weneedachangeinourculture.Womenallovertheworldarerecognizedonewayortheotherastheyarenowinvolvedintheuseoftechnology.Wenowseewomenasairpilots,andtheyevenattempttogototravelinspace.
9.Inthepast,womeninSierraLeone..
A.tookactivepartinpoliticsB.contestedforparliamentaryseats
C.dancedandcookedfortheelectioncampaigningD.sharedtheequalrightswithmen
10.About5%ofthewomenengagedinelectionwouldhavesucceededif..
A.therewerelessprejudiceagainstwomenB.lessMuslimleadershadobjected
C.morewomenhadbeenengagedintheelectionD.morepreachershadsupportedthem
11.Theauthorconcludesthatthewomencandidatescan’twinthecompetitivevotebecause.
A.womenismoresuitableforthedancingandcookingjob
B.womencandidatescan’tgetthesupportoftheirfolks
C.womenprejudicestillexistsintoday’ssociety
D.womenarenotcapableenoughtobeachieftain
12.Themainideaofthepassageis.
A.theprejudiceagainstwomeninvariousfields
B.womeninSierraLeone,strivingfortheirpoliticalrights
C.womeninSierraLeone,challengeformen’sstatus
D.womeninSierraLeone,beinginvolvedinpolitics
答案解析:
1.B文章首段第二句提到“Inmanyculturesrespectforolderpeopleorthoseinpostionsofauthoritykeepsothersfromexpressingtheirtruefeelings”.由此可知:
出于对长者尊敬,许多国家的人们往往不会表达自己的真实感受,故选项B正确.
2.D文章第二段第五句话指出“Butthedesiretogetaheadofotherssometimescausespeople...unkindandevendishonest”,也就是说,极端的竞争性有时会使人误入歧途,由此可知D正确答案。
3.A文章首段中几个例子论证了美国人直率的性格,从中我们不难推断出,美国人比其他外国人更善于批判,故A为正确答案。
本文论述了美国人性格的三个方面,其中坦率和对新事物的兴趣是作者赞赏的,都被视为virtue,故排除B,第三段第二句话指出“Americansaregenerallyviewedasfriendly,adaptable,energetic,andkinkhearted”,由此可排除C;根据最后一段内容可推断出,美国人并不难相处,所以选项D也不对。
4.B本文主要阐述了美国人的性格,作者在第二段第二句中提到“Theextremelycompetitivenature...theirworstfault”,以及第二段倒数第二句也提到“Sometimestheyfailtounderstandandappreciatepractices...”,由此可知文章并非全在说美国人的优点,故可排除A;文章虽在第二段两处提到美国人的缺点,但不是主要内容,故C也可排除;选项D显然不对.
5.B此处“12outof14”是指“在多少里面排名第几,占第几位”,所以在此处意思应为:
在14个国家的学生进行的化学测试中,美国学生的成绩排第12位,由此可知B为正确答案。
6.C文章第三段提到“whoseschoolshavenouniformnationalcurriculum”,“theproblemliesattheelementaryandhighschoollevels...”以及“Amongtherootcausesmostfrequentlymentioned...thelowrespectinwhichU.S.societyholdsteachers”。
由此可知A、B和D三项均是教育水平低的原因,选项C未在文中提及,故为正确答案。
7.B