词汇语法新资料1.docx
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词汇语法新资料1
TestOne
集体名词作主语主谓一致
1)通常作复数的集体名词
集体名词,如:
police,people,cattle,militia,poultry等,
通常作复数,用复数动词。
如:
Domesticcattleprovideuswithmilk,beefandhides.
2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词
有些集体名词,如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。
例如:
AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.
3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
集体名词,如audience,committee,class,crew,family,public,government等,既可作单数,也可作复数用。
Thecitycouncilismeetingtosetitsagenda.
4)acommittee,etc.of+复数名词
如果主语是由“acommitteeof/apanelof/aboardof+复数名词”构成,随后的动词通常用单数。
例如:
Acommitteeoffivemenandthreewomenistoconsiderthematter.
近义词辨析
tired,exhausted,fatigued,weary,wornout
这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
tired
可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息,还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
Henrywassotiredthathewenttobedimmediatelyafterhegothome.亨利很疲惫,一到家就上床睡觉去了。
exhausted
表达的疲惫程度最强,指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
Theexhaustedengineerfellasleeponthebus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。
fatigued
所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强,表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏,不能再继续下去。
Hefeltfatiguedanddidn’twanttosayasingleword.他疲惫不堪,不想说一句话。
weary
语气比tired强,指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。
Afteralongandwearywait,theplanefinallycametotakethemback.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后,飞机终于来接他们回去了。
wornout
词不太正式,多用于口语。
Thetroopswerewornoutafterwinningthebattle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。
1.Although____Spanish,heattendedthecourse.
A.hewasknowingB.heisknowingC.havingaknowledgeofD.knows
2.You____thatlettertoJames.However,youdidn’t.
A.oughttowriteB.oughttohavewrittenC.shouldwriteD.shouldbewriting
3.Josephwasverylucky____withhislife;healmostdidnotgetoutoftheroom.
A.toescapeB.tohaveescapedC.toescapingD.tobeescaping
4.Breadandbutter____likedbyWesterners.
A.isB.areC.wereD.be
5.Thebackgardenofourhousecontainsalawn,____verypleasanttositoninsummer.
A.whichisB.whichitisC.itisD.whereitis
6.Hesetupinbusiness____hisownandwasverysuccessful.
A.inB.ofC.onD.by
7.John’sscoreonthetestisthehighestintheclass;he____ lastnight.
A.muststudyB.shouldhavestudiedC.musthavestudiedD.issuretostudy
8.Frankalmostneverreceivedanyeducation,____?
A.wouldheB.didheC.didn’theD.wouldn’the
9.Evenifhisletter____tomorrow,it____toolatetodoanything.
A.willarrive...isB.shouldarrive...wereC.arrives...willbeD.arrives...wouldbe
10.Wecanhear____fromthebackoftheroom.
A.justasgoodB.justaseasyC.justaswellD.easilyaswell
11.Toobtainasatisfactoryresult,onemustapplytwo____ofpaintonacleansurface.
A.coatsB.levelsC.timesD.courses
12.Thesmallmountainvillagewas____bythesnowformorethanonemonth.
A.cutbackB.cutoutC.cutoffD.cutaway
13.MissGreenwas____$100fordrivingafterdrinking.
A.finedB.chargedC.punishedD.posed
14.Modern___perhapscausesmoreproblemsthanitsolves.
A.techniqueB.technologyC.tacticsD.tendency
15.Marytiptoedoverandtooktheclockawaybecauseshehatedtohearit____whenshewastryingtogotosleep.
A.soundingB.ringingC.tickingD.humming
16.Underthis____pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.
A.intensiveB.weightyC.intenseD.bulky
17.Ofcourse,mostimmigrantsdidnotgetrichovernight,butthe____ofthemwereeventuallyabletoimproveupontheirformerstandardofliving.
A.maximumB.minorityC.majoritD.minimum
18.Nancywassurprisedthattheyhave____.Theyseemedtobeahappycouple.
A.splitupB.brokendownC.fallenthroughD.knockedout
19.Thebeachisinanideal____todrawtourists.
A.conditionB.situationC.stateD.publicity
20.Our____sensitivitydecreaseswithage.Byage60,mostpeoplehavelost40percentoftheirabilitytosmelland50percentoftheirtastebuds.
A.sensibleB.senselessC.sensitiveD.sensory
21.Theeldestchildisthoroughly____becausetheyalwaysgivehimwhateverhewants.
A.wastedB.spoiledC.destroyedD.uneducated
22.Ifasubstanceisdissolvedinwaterorheated,itmay____agas.
A.giveintoB.giveoverC.giveoffD.giveaway
23.HismannerwassopleasantthatBollafeltat____withhimatonce.
A.peaceB.largeC.easeD.best
24.—Canyoutakethedayofftomorrow?
—Well,I’llhavetoget____frommyboss.
A.permissionB.permitC.allowanceD.possession
25.The____inJanet’scharacterhashinderedherfromadvancementinhercareer.
A.weaknessB.merit
C.defectD.shortcoming
TestTwo
关于usedto的意义和用法
usedto(只有过去时形式,没有现在时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态,这种情况现已不复存在。
例如:
Heusedtosmokealot,buthehaslonggivenupsmoking.
在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中,用didn’tuseto或usedn’tto均可:
Hedidn’tusetosmokecigarettes.
Heusedn’ttosmokecigarettes.
Didn’tMariausetobeinterestedinthetheatre?
Usedn’tMariatobeinterestedinthetheatre?
在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式:
UsedyoutogotothesameschoolasEdward?
DidyouusetogotothesameschoolasEdward?
近义词辨析
use,apply,avail,employ,utilize这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。
use强调利用人或物作为工具。
Heusedupallhisresourcesinexperimentingwiththenewpaint.他为实验新的涂料,花光了一切钱财。
apply指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用。
Weshouldnotonlyknowthetheorybutalsoknowhowtoapplyittopractice.我们不仅要知道理论,还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。
avail指使用就近的或他人给予的东西,或使别人为自己提供服务。
Idon’tthinkcomplaintswillavailyoumuch.我觉得抱怨对你没多大用处。
WeavailourselvesofeveryopportunitytospeakEnglish.我们利用一切机会讲英语。
employ指使用未被利用的东西;用于人时表示雇用。
Hedoesn’tknowhowtoemployhisenergyandtime.他不知道该怎么利用他的精力和时间。
utilize指充分发挥某物的作用,使无用的东西变有用,或使人或物有新用途。
Shehopestoutilizeherartistictalentsinthejob.她希望在工作中发挥她的艺术才能。
1.Mypain____apparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:
“Areyoufeelingallright?
”
A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.hadbeenD.hadtobe
2.Itisonlywhenyounearlylosesomeone____fullyconsciousofhowmuchyouvaluehim.
A.doyoubecomeB.thenyoubecome
C.thatyoubecomeD.haveyoubecome
3.Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,____theatmosphere.
A.asitisB.soisC.thesameasD.andsois
4.Whiledrivingalongthetreacherousroad,____.
A.myrightreartyreblewout
B.myrightreartyrehadablowout
C.Ihadablownoutonmyrightreartyre
D.Ihadmyrightreartyreblowout
5.JeanWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfroAmericanpoetryishisinsistencethatit____inareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.
A.istobeanalysedB.hasbeenanalysed
C.beanalysedD.shouldhavebeenanalysed
6.____thereislittlewecandotomodifytheweather,wecanatleastknowwhatkindofweathertoexpect.
A.SinceB.WhenC.WhileD.Unless
7.ThisorganizationbroughtWesternartiststogetherinthehopeofmakingmoreofanimpactontheartcommunity____anyofthemcouldindividuallyandtopromoteWesternartbywomen.
A.ratherthanB.ratherC.thanD.otherthan
8.ButtheSwissdiscoveredlongyearsagothatconstantwarfarebroughtthem____sufferingandpoverty.
A.anythingbutB.nothingbut
C.noneotherthanD.nomorethan
9.After____seemedanendlesswait,itwasherturntostepintothedoctor’soffice.
A.itB.thatC.whatD.which
10.Theboarddeemedit’surgentthatthesefiles____rightaway.
A.hadtobeprintedB.shouldhavebeenprinted
C.mustbeprintedD.shouldbeprinted
11.HisanswerwassoconfusedthatIcouldhardlymakeany____ofitatall.
A.explanationB.meaningC.senseD.interpretation
12.Youshouldhaveyoureyestestedeveryyearincasethe____ofyourspectaclesneedchanging.
A.lensesB.glassesC.sightsD.crystals
13.Theschoolcommitteehopedthattheirchoiceofplaywouldbe______withthestudentsandtheirparents.
A.recognizedB.popularC.favorableD.fascinated
14.Bycuttingdowntreeswe____thenaturalhomeofbirdsandanimals.
A.harmB.hurtC.injureD.damage
15.Mr.Robinsonknewthatthemosttrivialchorecouldprovetobea____ifapproachedwithenthusiasm.
A.prizeB.rewardC.refundD.bonus
16.Thetradeunionsinthisindustryare____anyreductioninwages.
A.objectingagainstB.opposedto
C.reactedtoD.resistingagainst
17.Shewasteachingme____youwouldteachayoungerchildtospeakthelanguage.
A.thewayB.inthewayC.awayD.totheway
18.TheBrowningshavenot____yetandIdoubtwhethertheywillcome.
AturnedinB.turnedoutC.turnedupD.turnedto
19.Wewentona(n)____tothemountainyesterday.
A.excursionB.tripC.tourD.travel
20.WhenSarahandI____onanarticlefortheschoolnewspaper,wefounditdifficulttoworktogether.
A.compiledB.gathered
C.collaboratedD.collected
21.Bethcould____hercoatbecauseithadlargeredbuttons.
A.recognizeB.proveC.defineD.claim
22.Postal____aredeterminedbytheclassandweightoftheparcelmailed.
A.taxesB.paymentC.feesD.premium
23.Myfatherissodeafthathehastouseahearing____.
A.helpB.aidC.supportD.tool
24.OnNewYear’sEve,therewillbeafirework____atPeople’sSquare.
A.displayB.performanceC.showD.exhibition
25.The____ofbeerandalcoholinNewZealandisveryhigh.
A.consumptionB.useC.drinkD.absorption
TestThree
关于dare的意义和用法
作为情态动词表示“胆敢”,dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。
例如:
Idarenotgothere.Howdarehesaysuchrudethingsaboutme?
dare作为情态助动词没有过去式形式,其否定式为daren’t,既可指现在时间,也可指过去时间。
例如:
Tomwantedtocome,buthedaren’t.
dare还可用主动词,随后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。
例如:
Hedoesnotdare(to)answer.Doesshedare(to)gotherealone?
近义词辨析
besides,but,except,exceptfor这组词均含有“除…外”的意思。
besides“除…外,还有…”,指更进一步的拥有,包括所“除”事物在内。
Haveyougotanyclothesbesidesthese?
除了这些衣服你还有别的吗?
but不包括所引事物在内,多与nothing,notanything,nobody,nowhere,all,anybody等连用。
Hehasnobodybuthimselftob