船用空调通风安装工艺规范.docx
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船用空调通风安装工艺规范
船用空调通风系统安装施工工艺规范
INSTALLATIONANDCONSTRUCTIONTECHNICALRULES
FORMARINEAIRCONDITIONER&VENTILATIONSYSTEM
一、概述:
General
空调及通风系统中需要采用预隔热螺旋风管、单层螺旋风管、镀锌薄板矩形风管、板材焊接风管(钢质风管)及通风附件等,根据设计要求,落实风管及附件规格型号、数量,采用螺旋风管、镀锌方风管或板材焊接风管,严格按风管制作工艺和规范要求执行生产安装。
Theairconditionerandventilationsystemshalladoptthepre-insulatedspiralairduct,singlelayerspiralairduct,galvanizedsheetrectangleairduct,plateweldedairduct(steelairduct)andventilationaccessoriesetc.Accordingtothedesignrequirementstodeterminethetypeandquantityofairductandaccessories,andselectthesuitableairduct,i.e.spiralairduct,galvanizedsheetsquareairductorweldedairduct.Accordingtotherelativeconstructuretechnicalrulestomanufactureandinstall.
二、施工程序:
三、风管制作
Manufacturetheairduct
(1)镀锌矩形风管
Galvanizedrectangleairduct
镀锌矩形风管连接可采用翻边、铆接和焊接,风管与角钢法兰连接时,风管壁厚小于1.5mm,一般采用翻边铆接,翻在法兰的外侧,用角尺靠在风管的纵向折角边上,使风管中心线与法兰平面保持垂直,翻边的尺寸应为6-9mm。
法兰用料规格较小的可取上限值,规格较大的取下限值,防止翻边卡住螺孔,影响组装,咬口重叠处,翻边时应将突出部分铲平,同时四角不应出现豁口,以免漏风,铆钉距离不可大于120mm。
Connectionofrectangleairducttheflanging,rivetjointingandweldingcanbeadopted,theconnecttheairductandanglesteelflange,whenthethicknessofairductislessthan1.5mm,generally,flangingandrivetjointingcanbeadopted,atfirsttheairductshallbeturnedovertheoutsideoftheflange,andthecenterofairductandthesurfaceofflangeshallkeepverticalmeasuredbythesetsquare,dimensionofthefoldedselvedgeis6-9mm.Ifthedimensionofflangeissmalltaketheupperlimit,ifitisbigtakethelowerlimitvalue,donotblocktheboltholestoaffecttheinstallationofairduct,theoverlapshallbesmooth,andthefouranglesshallbetight,thedistancebetweenrivetshallnotmorethan120mm.
(2)螺旋风管
Spiralairduct
螺旋风管是由宽135mm、厚0.5的镀锌铁皮,采用自动化机械将之卷成螺旋状,风管轻、厚度薄、强度高。
该风管可增加风管强度与韧性,气密性极佳,风速强、磨擦损失小。
内管可以采用冲孔板制成,中间保温材料采用厚12.5mm的岩棉,外层再以螺旋风管被覆在保温材料上。
Thespiralairductismadebygalvanizedironsheet(width135mm,thicknessis0.5mm),theairducttheadvantageoflight,thicknessandhighstrength.Thiskindofairducthasstrongtoughness,fineairtihgtness,highspeedandlessfrictionloss.Theinnertubeismadebyorificeplateandmiddleoftheairductadopts12.5mmrockcottonforinsulating,andthencoatedspiralairducttotheinsulationmaterial.
送风管的安装,先由工厂样台综合放样,确定其布风器的安装位置,然后根据放样结果由工厂绘制施工安装图。
安装时,圆风管用砂轮切割,用其它工具切断时,切口要用砂轮磨平,不能把异物遗忘在管内。
连接布风器的软管,最好外包20-30mm厚泡沫橡胶或陶瓷棉。
Installationofblastpipe:
atfirstitshallloftbymanufacturertodeterminetheinstallpositionofventilationterminalthenthemanufacturerwillmadetheinstallationdrawingaccordingtotheloftingresults.Wheninstalltheairduct,thecircleairductshallbecutbygrindingwheel,ifitiscutbyothertoolsthekerfshallbegroundbygrindingwheel,donotloosetheimpurityinthepipe.Thesoftpipeforconnectingtheventilationterminalshallbecoatedwith20-30mmfoamrubberorrefractorywool.
(3)焊接风管
Weldedairduct
机械、机舱通用采用焊接风管,其焊接风管按照图纸的要求选用材料进行预制。
Generallythemechanicalandengineroomadopttheweldedairductwhichshallbeprefabricatedaccordingtotherelativedrawing.
根据各类风管的技术要求,选用相应厚度的板材,按照图纸的尺寸进行下料、刀角。
Accordingtovarioustechnicalrequirementsofeachkindofairducttoselectthesuitableplate,thenlayoffaccordingtothedrawing.
焊接前必须清除焊接端口处的污物、油迹、锈蚀,角用点焊或缝焊时,还需清除氧物化。
对口应保持最小的间隙。
焊接过程中,根据板材的厚度掌握好焊丝直径和电流强度、电弧电压及焊接速度。
手工点焊定位处的焊瘤应清除,焊接后,应将焊缝及其附近区域的电焊溶渣及残留的焊丝清除。
Beforeweldingtheendsideoftheproductsshallbecleaned,suchasdirty,oiltrace,dustshallnotbefound,whenspotweldingorseamweldingisadoptedfortheangletheoxideshallbecleanedout.Thespaceofbuttjointshallkeepless.Duringweldingtheairductshallaccordingthethicknessofplatetoselectcorrectweldingwire,current,voltageandspeed.Afterweldingtheweldingseamandaroundshallbecleanedsuchasslagandremainweldingwireetc.
焊接接头型式如下:
Weldingjointasthefollowing:
四、工件表面处理:
Surfacetreatmentofworkpiece
钢板件磷化处理
Phosphatingofsteelplate
1、磷化前的处理:
Beforephosphating
(1)工件的机械加工、成型、焊接和打孔,应在磷化前完成。
Beforephosphatingthemachinework,forming,weldinganddrillingetc.shallbecompleted.
(2)各种工件其表面应无毛刺、锐边、焊渣、飞溅、金属屑、沾附特等影响处理质量的污物。
Thesurfaceofeachworkingpiecetheburrs,sharpedge,weldingspatter,splash,gritandburetc.shallnotbefound.
2、磷化池可同时完成除油、除锈、磷化、钝化四道工序,其主要性能指标如下:
Phosphatisationtankcanfinishfourstepsi.e.oilremoval,rustremoval,phosphatingandpassivation,themainfunctionindexasthefollowing:
外观
Appearance
透明液
Transparentliquid
PH
<2
总酸度(点)
Totalacidity(point)
420-480
游离酸度点
Freeaciditypoint
210-240
比重
Specificgravity
1.09±0.02
Fe含量
Fecontent
<45g/L
干燥时间
Dryingtime
2h-4h
3、处理液处理:
Treatmentoftreatingliquid
(1)处理方法:
采用浸渍处理,将工件浸入槽液中,工件较大时,可以翻动处理;
Treatingmethod:
Theworkpieceshallbeimmergedtotheliquid,iftheworkpieceislarghtitcanbeturned;
(2)处理时间:
由现场根据下列因素灵活掌握:
Treatingtime:
Thetreatingtimecanbedecidedaccordingtothefactatthescene.
·工件表面状况
Surfactionconditionofworkpiece
·环境温度
Environmenttemperature
·处理液新旧程度
Neworoldclassoftreatingoil
·按用户要求,予设处理层厚度
Accordingtouser’srequirementstosetthethicknessoftreatmentlayer
·处理时间一般为2-8小时。
特别要注意避免浸渍时间过长,以免磷化膜晶粒粗大和产生氢脆。
Treatingtimingisabout2-8hours.Especiallypayattentiontoemergingtimeofworkpiece,foravoidingbringshydrogenembrittlement.
(3)对板状工件,不得以重叠的方式置于处理液中,而应隔开50-100mm,以保证工件表面有充分的机会与处理液接触,从而保证处理质量。
Refertotheplateitshallnotbeemergedinthetreatingliquidoverlapped,thedistancebetweentheplatesshallbekept50-100mm,sothatthetreatingqualitycanbeensured.
(4)工件出槽前应注意液面层油污状况,必要时应除去油污,以免工件出槽时油污粘在工件表面。
Beforetakeouttheworkpiecefromtheliquidpayattentionthethesurfaceofliquid,iftheliquidsurfaceisdirtyitshallbecleanedforavoidingpollutethetreatedworkpiece.
(5)工件出槽后,用自来水冲干净表面骠质及磷化液残留,置于通风处自然干燥或进行烘干,干燥后的工件应在16小时内进行防锈处理。
Aftertheworkpieceistakenoutfromtheliquiditshallbeflushedbytapwater,theputitontheventilationareafornaturalseasoningordriedbytools,aftertheworkpieceisdrieditshallbedustedwithin16hours.
五、空调风管系统施工安装
InstallationandconstructionofairductsystemofA/C
5.1准备工作
Preparatorywork
风管系统安装前,应进一步核实风管及送回(排)风口等部件的标高是否与设计图纸相符,并检查结构预留的孔洞,预埋件的位置是否符合要求,并将预制加工的支(吊)架风管及部件运至施工现场,根据工程量大小分段进行安装。
Beforeinstalltheairductsystem,checktheelevationofeachpartofairductandblast(exhaust)airportwhetheritisaccordingtothedrawing,andchecktheholesandembeddedpartswhetheritcansatisfytherequirements,thentransporttheprefabricatedsupporter(hanger)ofairductandpartstothescene.
5.2支、吊架安装的注意事项
Installationnoticeofsupporter,hanger
支、吊架安装是风管系统安装和第一工序,支、吊架的形式应据风管截面的大小及工程具体情况选择,吊架必须符合设计及国家标准图要求。
Installthesupporterandhangerofairductsystemitthefirststep,thetypeofsupporter,hangershallbeselectedaccordingtothesizeofairductandthestationofproject,thehangershallaccordingtodesigndrawingandnationalstandarddrawing.
对于保温风管,由于选用的保温材料不同,其风管的单位长度和重量不相同,支、吊架间距应符合设计要求,矩形保温风管的支、吊、托架宜设在保温层外部,不得损坏保温层,风管的安装标高,对于距形风管是从管底标起,为保持风管的水平,托架的标高应按变径的尺寸相应提高风管的安装。
Refertotheinsulatedairduct,theunitlengthandweightofairductwilldifferentbecausevariousinsulationmaterial,thedistancebetweensupporter,hangershallsatisfythedesignrequirements.Thesupporter,hangerandbracketfortherectangleinsulatedairductshallbeontheoutsideoftheinsulationmaterialdonotdamagetheinsulationlayer,abouttheinstallationelevationoftherectangleairductiscalculatedfromthebaseofthepipe,forkeepingtheairductlevel,theelevationofbracketshallbecalculatedaccordingtotherelativeairduct.
施工现场已具备安装条件时,应将预制加工的风管、部件按照安装的顺序和不同系统运至施工现场,再将风管和部件按编号组对,复核无误后即可连接和安装。
Whentheconstructionsceneisreadyforinstalling,theprefabricatedairductandpartsshallbetransportedtothesceneaccordingtotheinstallationstepandvarioussystems;thennumberedtheairductandparts,afterthatconnectandinstalltheairduct.
风管在安装前,应对安装好的支、吊、托架进一步检查位置是否正确,是否牢固可靠,根据施工方案确定吊装方法按先干管后支管的安装程序进行吊装,吊装过程中应注意下列问题:
Beforeinstalltheairduct,checkthelocationoftheinstalledsupporter,hangerandbracket,whethertheyarefastness,accordingtotheconstructionprogramtodeterminetheliftingmethod,duringliftingthefollowingproblemsshallbenoted:
(1)水平风管安装后的不水平度允许偏差每米应不大于3mm,总偏差不应大于20mm,垂直风管安装后有不垂直度的允许偏差每米应不大于2mm,总偏差不应大于20mm。
风管沿钢板壁走时,管壁到钢板壁至少保留150mm的距离,以拧法兰螺丝。
Non-levelnessofflatairductshallnotmorethan3mmpermeter,andthetotalwarpshallnotmorethan20mm,nonperpendicularityofverticalairductshallnotmorethan2mmpermeter,thetotalwarpshallnotmorethan20mm.Whentheairductalongwiththewallofsteelplatethedistancebetweentubewellandwallshallkeep150mmatleastforscrewingthescrewofflange.
(2)法兰垫料宜采用3-5mm橡胶板,连接螺丝应加钢制垫圈。
Packingofflangeshalladopt3-5mmrubberplate,andtheconnectingscrewshallbeprovidedwithsteelwasher.
(3)风管穿钢板时应有防护套管。
Whentheairductthroughthesteelplate,itshallbeprovidedwiththeprotectionsleeve.
(4)支管的重量不得由干管承重。
Theweightofbranchpipeshallnotbearedbymainpipe.
(5)管道上所用的金属附件,应按设计要求做好防腐处理。
Themetalaccessoriesonthepipelineshallbeanticorrosionedaccordingtothedesignrequirements.
5.3空调螺旋通风管安装程序
Installationprocedureofspiralducts
空调螺旋通风管安装都在分段预装。
船体各分段经喷砂除锈处理后进行涂装,报验合格后才可安装螺旋风管。
Spiralductsofshouldbeinstalledintheblockinstallationphase.spiralductscanbeinstalledwhencheckisfinishedafterspraysand,getridofrustandpainting
●螺旋风管连接形式及装配要求:
Connectionandassemblingrequirementofspiralducts
1)螺旋风管下料时要轴向切割;
Materialshouldbecuta