期末试题A语言学导论.docx
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期末试题A语言学导论
系领导
审批并签名
A卷
广州大学2008-2009学年第一学期考试卷
课程语言学导论考试形式(闭卷,考试)
学院外国语系翻译系专业英语班级06级4-6班学号姓名
题次
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
总分
评卷人
分数
20
20
10
10
10
10
10
10
100
评分
I.Decidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions(1×20=20%):
1.()Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.
A.prescriptiveB.analytic
C.descriptiveD.linguistic
2.()Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?
A.ArbitrarinessB.Displacement
C.DualityD.Meaningfulness
3.()Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare____sounds.
A.voicelessB.voiced
C.vowelD.consonantal
4.()__________isavoicedalveolarstop.
A./z/B./d/C./k/D./b/
5.()_______arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.
A.FreemorphemesB.Boundmorphemes
C.BoundwordsD.Words
6.()_________isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.
A.SyntaxB.Grammar
C.MorphologyD.Morpheme
7.()Thesentencestructureis________.
A.onlylinearB.onlyhierarchical
C.complexD.bothlinearandhierarchical
8.()Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare____innumber.
A.largeB.smallC.finiteD.infinite
9.()Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?
A.Senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.
B.Senseisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform.
C.Senseisabstractandde-contextualized.
D.Senseistheaspectofmeaningdictionarycompilersarenotinterestedin.
10.()“CanIborrowyourbike?
”_______“Youhaveabike.”
A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwith
C.entailsD.presupposes
11.()_________doesnotstudymeaninginisolation,butincontext.
A.PragmaticsB.Semantics
C.SenserelationD.Concept
12.()Themeaningoflanguagewasconsideredassomething___________intraditionalsemantics.
A.contextualB.behaviouristic
C.intrinsicD.logical
13.()Childrenrefertoallfour-leggedanimalsasdogs.Thisphenomenoniscalled__________.
A.underdergeneralizationB.overgeneralization
C.formulationD.articulation
14.()“Shedecidestohitit”spokenas“Shedecidetohitsit”isaslipofthetongue.Thistypeofslipsofthetongueiscalled______________.
A.exchangeB.blend
C.shiftD.deletion
15.()Accordingto_________________,thereisnosuchcaseinwhichonememberisbetterthanothersinthesamecategory.
A.theclassicaltheoryB.theprototypetheory
C.thespeechacttheoryD.thebehavioristtheory
16.()“Heporedhimselfaglassofwineandopenedthebottle”isunacceptablebecausethisutteranceviolatestheprincipleof___________.
A.PolitenessPrincipleB.CooperativePrinciple
C.ordericonicityD.distanceiconicity
17.()Therearemorphemesintheword"boyish".
A.oneB.two
C.threeD.four
18.()InEnglish"-ize"and"-tion"arecalled.
A.prefixesB.suffixes
C.infixesD.freemorphemes
19.()Thewords"make"and"bus"arecalledbecausetheycanoccurunattached.
A.derivationalmorphemesB.inflectionalmorphemes
C.boundmorphemesD.freemorphemes
20.()L.Bloomfieldisa(n)linguist.
A.AmericanB.British
C.SwissD.Russian
II.Fillintheblanks(1×20=20%):
1.Languageisasystemofarbitrary_______________symbolsusedforhumancommunication.
2.Formalismisthestudyoftheabstractformsoflanguageandtheir__________relations.
3.Synchroniclinguisticsisthestudyofthewaya____________changesoveraperiodoftime.
4.Arbitrarinessreferstothefactthatthereisno____________(intrinsicordirect)connectionbetweensoundsandmeanings.
5.Vowelsarespeechsoundsintheproductionofwhichthe_____________fromthelungsisnotblockedinanywayinthemouthornose,andthevocalcordsareusuallyvibrated.
6.Minimalpairisapairofwordsthatdifferbyonlya___________soundinthesameposition.
7.Descriptiveapproachisanapproachtakenbylinguistswhodescribewhatpeople______________say.
8.Immediateconstituentanalysis(ICanalysis)isanapproachadoptedbystructurallinguisticstotheanalysisofsentence______________.
9.Ideationalfunctionreferstotheuseoflanguageasameansofgivingstructuretoour___________________oftherealorimaginaryworld.
10.Textualfunctionisthefunctiontocreatewrittenorspokentextswhichcoherewithinthemselvesandwhichfittheparticular_________________inwhichtheyareused.
11.Referencereferstothe____________________betweenwordsandthethings,action,events,andqualitiestheystandfor.
12.Connotativemeaningisthecommunicativevaluethatawordoracombinationofwordshasbyvirtueofwhatitrefersto,overandaboveitspurely________content.
13.Hyponymyreferstothesenserelationbetweentermsina________________,whereamoreparticularterm(thehyponym)isincludedinthemoregeneralone.
14.Meronymyisatermusedtodescribea_______________relationshipbetweenlexicalitems.
15.Semanticroleistherolethatits_________________playsintheaction,state,orsituationdescribedbythesentence.
16.Semanticfield(lexicalfield)isasetofwordswithan___________________semanticconnection.
17.CooperativePrincipleisaprinciplewherebythoseinvolvedincommunicationassumethatbothpartieswill__________________seektocooperatewitheachothertoestablishagreedmeaning.
18.Psycholinguisticsisthestudyoflanguagesandmind:
the_________________structuresandprocesseswhichareinvolvedintheacquisition,comprehensionandproductionoflanguage.
19.Theclassicaltheoryistheviewthat_____________________aredefinedbyalimitedsetofnecessaryandsufficientconditions.
20.Grammaticalizationreferstothe_______________ofanindependentwordtothestatusofagrammaticalelement.
III.Givedefinitionstothefollowingterms(2×5=10%):
1.assimilation:
_____________________________________________________
2.syntax:
_________________________________________________________
3.categorization:
___________________________________________________
4.pragmatics:
______________________________________________________
5.semantics:
_______________________________________________________
IV.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish(1×10=10%):
1.言语行为__________________________
2.递归______________________________
3.词根______________________________
4.隐喻______________________________
5.元音______________________________
6.后缀______________________________
7.音节______________________________
8.语义角色__________________________
9.语域______________________________
10.有标记的__________________________
V.Oneofthemainfeaturesofhumanlanguagesisarbitrariness.Canyoubrieflyexplainwhatthisfeaturerefersto?
Supportyourargumentwithexamples(10%):
VI.Putthefollowingtermsinatreediagramtoshowtheirlogicalrelationship(10%):
affix,suffix,freeroot,boundroot,derivationalaffix,prefix,morpheme,boundmorpheme,inflectionalaffix,freemorpheme
VII.Explainthesemanticambiguityofthefollowingsentencesbyprovidingothertwosentencesthatparaphrasethetwodifferentmeanings(2×5=10%):
Example:
Shecan’tbearchildren.→
a.Shecan’tgivebirthtochildren.
b.Shecan’ttoleratechildren.
1.Hewaitedbythebank.→
a.___________________________________
b.___________________________________
2.Ishereallythatkind?
→
a.___________________________________
b.___________________________________
3.Weboughtherdogbiscuits.→
a.___________________________________
b.___________________________________
4.Hesawthatgasolinecanexplode.→
a.___________________________________
b.___________________________________
5.Fiftysoldiersshotthreewildfoxes.→
a.___________________________________
b.___________________________________
VIII.Inacategorytherearemanymembers,buttheydifferinprototypicality.Goodexamplesofthecategoryarecalledprototypesandbadexamplesnonprototypes.ThefollowingaresomeofthemembersintheBIRDcategory:
ostrichsparrowpenguingooseduck
doverobinowlpeacockparrot
Putthemintothefollowingthreegroups(10%):
GroupI(Prototypical):
__________________________________________________________________
GroupII(Neitherprototypicalnornonprototypical):
__________________________________________________________________
GroupII(Nonprototypical):
__________________________________________________________________