CET4ModelTest3.docx
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CET4ModelTest3
ModelTest3
PartⅠWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOnChineseWorkers-PaidHolidays.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:
1.有人认为"带薪休假"有很多好处......
2.有人认为"带薪休假"落到实处很难
3.你的观点及建议
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.
Forquestions1-7,mark
Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswithinformationgiveninthepassage;
N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;
NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.
Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
ObesityinChildren
Obesityinchildrenandadolescentsisrisingatanalarmingrate.Currentlyover15%ofyoungpeopleover6yearsoldareobese,andobesityisalsoincreasingamongchildrenaged5andyounger.
ChildrenareconsideredtobeoverweightiftheBMI(BodyMassIndex)isover85%oftheweightgroupintheirageandsexcategories.Ifitis95%andover,theyareconsideredtobeobese.Adolescentsaregenerallyjudgedaccordingtoadultcriteriaforobesity,althoughthereareotherconsiderationsinthispopulation.Ethnicvariations,timingofgrowthspurts,andhighernormalfatlevelsaroundpubertycancausedisparitiesinthesemeasurements.
CausesandRiskFactorsforObesityinChildren
LifestyleFactors.Withouteducationalorparentalguidance,childrenareextremelyvulnerabletotheintenseculturalpressuresthatarelargelyresponsiblefortheobesityepidemic.Neitherthemedianortheeducationalsystemhasstrongwell-financedprogramsthatencouragehealthy-alternatives,includingexerciseandhealthyfoods.Thefollowingaresomespecificproblemscreatedbytheculture:
*Excessivetelevisionwatchingplaysacriticalroleinobesityinchildren.Notonlyisitasedentaryactivity,buttelevisionalsooffersinnumerabletemptationswithitsadvertisementsforfastfoods,sugarcereals,andunhealthysnacks.Inonestudyobesityrateswerelowestinchildrenwhowatchedtelevisiononehourorlessadayandhighestinthosewhowatchedfourormorehours.
*Sugar,particularlyfromsoda,othersweetenedbeverages,andfruitjuice,maybemajorcontributorstochildhoodobesity.Onestudyreportedthatdrinkingsodaregularlyincreasesachild'sriskforobesityby60%.
*Lessphysicalexerciseandgreatersedentaryactivitiesplayanothersignificantroleinobesityinchildren.Ahighlevelofphysical,activity-notjustusingupenergy-isimportantforweightcontrolinyoungpeople.
FamilyHistory.Parentalobesitymorethandoublestheriskthatayoungchild,whetherthinoroverweight,willbecomeobeseasanadult.Inolderchildrenandteenagers,obesityinparentsstartstocountlessasapredictorforbodyweightthantheirownweight.Theriskmaybeduetoenvironmentalorgeneticfactors,orboth.
EthnicandSocioeconomicFactors.Asinadultpopulations,childrenfromlowersocioeconomicgroupsandminoritypopulationsareathigherriskforobesity.Forexample,amongyoungMexicanAmericansandAfricanAmericans,therehasbeenanincreaseinoverweightprevalenceofabout13%toover23%.
FactorsSurroundingBirth.Thefollowingfactorssurroundingbirthareassociatedwithachild'sweight:
*Lowbirthweightisariskfactorforlaterobesityanddiabetes.Onetheoryisthathumanshavea"thriftygene"thatproducesmetabolicchangesininfantswithlowbirthweight.Suchchangesaffectinsulinandfataccumulationinordertoproducea"catch-up"weightintheseyoungchildrenasquicklyaspossible.Thisrapidweightgainininfancyincreasesthegainriskforobesityinchildrenandalsoinyoungadulthood.
*InastudyofAfricanAmericanchildren,havinganoverweightpregnantmotherincreasedtheriskforlaterweightgain,butlowbirthweightdidnot.
Althoughsomesmallstudieshavereportedprotectionagainstobesityfrombreastfeeding,evidenceisweak.Ina2003study,forexample,childrenwhowerebreastfedforthreetofivemonthshadalowerriskforobesity,butprolongedbreastfeedinghadnoeffect.Nevertheless,giventhehealthfuleffectsofbreastfeedingandthepossibilitythatitmayhaveevenaslightimpactonchildhoodobesity,itishighlyrecommended.
HealthConsequencesofChildhoodObesity
Childrenandadolescentswhoareobesehavepoorerhealththanotherchildren.Studiesarereportingunhealthycholesterollevelsandhighbloodpressureinobesechildrenandadolescents.Ofgreatconcernisthedramaticincreaseintype2diabetesinyoungpeople,whichismostcertainlylargelyduetotheincreaseinobesity.Obesityinchildrenisalsolinkedtoasthma,gallbladderproblems,sleepapnea,andliverabnormalities.Childhoodobesitymaybepartlyresponsibleforthedecliningageforonsetofpubertyingirls,withsubsequentrisksforbreastcancer.
Itisnotclearyethowmanyofthesechildhoodproblemspersistinpeoplewhoachievenormalweightasadults.Stayingoverweightintoadulthoodcertainlyconfershealthrisks.
ManagingOverweightandObeseChildren
Childhoodobesityisbesttreatedbyanon-drug,multidisciplinaryapproachincludingdiet,behaviormodification,andexercise.Someevidencesuggeststhatreducingcaloriesbyonly200to260perdaywouldpreventweightgaininmostoverweightchildren.Heresometipsforchildrenwhoareoverweight:
*Limitoravoidifpossibletake-out,fastfoods,high-sugarsnacks,commercialpackagedsnacks,sodaandsugarsweetenedbeverages(includingtoomuchjuice).
*Letchildrensnackbutmakesurethesnacksarehealthy.Eatingsmallfrequenthealthymeals(insteadoftwoorthreelargeones)hasbeenassociatedwithbeingthinnerandhavingabettercholesterolprofile.
*Letchildrenchoosetheirownfoodportions.Onestudyindicatedthatchildrennaturallyate25%lessthantheychosetheirownportionsize.Whentheyweregivenlargerportionstheirbitesizeswerelargerandtheyatemore.
*Don'tcriticizeachildforbeingoverweight.Itdoesnothelpandsuchattitudescouldputchildrenatriskforeatingdisorders,whichareequalorevengreaterdangerstohealth.
*Limittelevision,videogames,andcomputerusetoafewhoursaweek.Thiscancontributesignificantlytoweightcontrol,regardlessofdietandphysicalactivity.
*Foryoungchildren,trythetraffic-lightdiet.Foodisdesignatedwithstoplightcolorsdependingontheirhighcaloriccontent:
Greenforgo(lowcalories);yellowfor"eatwithcaution"(mediumcalories);redfor"stop"(highcalories).
*Tryalow-glycemicindexdiet.Thismaybeasbeneficialandpossiblymorethanastandardreduced-fatdietinobesechildren.Suchadietfocusesoncarbohydrates,suchasdriedbeansandsoy,thatraisebloodsugarmoreslowlythanothers.Thisdietissometimesusedindiabetesandasadietaryapproachinoverweightadults.
1.OverweightchildrenarethosewhoseBMIisover85%oftheweightgroupintheirageandsexcategories.
2.Theeducationalsystemispositiveinpromotingexerciseandhealthyfoods,accordingtothepassage.
3.Itisobservedthatchildrenwatchingtelevisiononehourorlessadaytendtobelesslikelytosufferfromobesity.
4.Theintakeofsugaramongchildrenisanimportantcontributortochildhoodobesity.
5.Inmostcases,obesechildrentendtohaveparentssufferingobesity,asenvironmentalorgeneticfactorsarethemajorreasonsforchildhoodobesity.
6.Infantswithlowbirthweightmayfaceariskforobesityastheygrowupintochildhoodandyoungadulthood.
7.Forobesechildren,achievingahealthyweightbecomesmoredifficultastheygetolder,asthepersistenceisbiological.
8.Obesechildrenandadolescentshavepoorerhealth,astheyarereportedtohaveunhealthy_______.
9.Itissuggestedthatreducingcalorieswouldpreventweightgaininmostoverweightchildren.
10.Theauthorbelievesthatitdoesnothelptocriticizechildrenforbeingoverweight,asthismayincreasetheriskfor.
PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
11.A)Onlytruefriendshipcanlastlong.
B)Letterwritingisgoingoutofstyle.
C)Shekeepsinregulartouchwithherclassmates.
D)Shehaslostcontactwithmostofheroldfriends.
12.A)Apainter.C)Aporter.B)Amechanic.D)Acarpenter.
13.A)Lookforaplacenearheroffice.C)Makeinquirieselsewhere.
B)Findanewjobdownthestreet.D)Rentthe$600apartment.
14.A)Hepreferstowearjeanswithalargerwaist.
B)Hehasbeenextremelybusyrecently.
C)Hehasgainedsomeweightlately.
D)HeenjoyedgoingshoppingwithJaneyesterday.
15.A)Thewomanpossessesanaturalforart.
B)Womenhaveabetterartistictastethanmen.
C)Heisn’tgoodatabstractthinking.
D)Hedoesn’tlikeabstractpaintings.
16.A)Shecouldn’thavelefthernotebookinthelibrary.
B)shemayhaveputhernotebookamidthejournals.
C)sheshouldhavemadecarefulnoteswhiledoingreading.
D)sheshouldn’thavereadhisnoteswithouthisknowingit.
17.A)shewa