高二英语非谓语动词讲义.docx

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高二英语非谓语动词讲义.docx

高二英语非谓语动词讲义

非谓语动词知多少?

1.请写出非谓语动词的概念______________________________________________________.

2.非谓语动词在句子里所充当的成分______________________________________________.

3.非谓语动词的时态和语态的变化形式。

时态语态

主动

被动

一般式

动词不定式

动名词

进形式

动词不定式

动名词

完成式

动词不定式

动名词

完成进形式

动词不定式

动名词

热身小测试

1.WhatisthewayLaoWangthoughtof_______enoughmoneytobuythehouse?

A.togetB.gettingC.havinggotD.beinggot

2.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif_________whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.

A.seeingB.havingseenC.toseeD.tohaveseen

3.Ididnothingalldaybut________tomyfriendwhoIhaven’tseenforalmostayear.

A.writeB.towriteC.wroteD.writing

4.________thetruth,heisnotanhonestmanwecanbelievein.

A.IamtotellB.ToldC.TellingD.Totell

5._______intothecollege,hehadtoworkhardatallthesubjects,someofwhichhedidn’tlike.

A.InordertoadmitB.Inordertobeadmitted

C.SoastoadmitD.Soastobeadmitted

6.---Haveyouconsidered_____yourjobasateacher?

  ---Yes.Ilikethejobbecauseateacherisoftenconsidered_____agardener.

7.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_____hishandintothepocketofapassenger.

  A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting

8.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan_____.

  A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishingquicklyC.tofinishquicklyD.finishquickly

9.InJanuary,2004,theUnitedStatessuccessfullylaunched“Spirit”,aMarsExplorationRover,_____anewmilestoneinthehistoryofmankind.

10.AsIwillbeawayforatleastayear,I’dappreciate_____fromyounowandthensothatIcanknowhoweveryoneisgettingalong.

  A.havingheardB.tohearC.hearingD.beingheard 

11.Theoldman,________abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.

A.towork                 B.working               C.tohaveworked      D.havingworked

12.Youweresillynot________yourcar.

A.tolock                   B.tohavelocked      C.locking                  D.havinglocked

13.Don’tleavethewater________whileyoubrushyourteeth.

A.run                        B.running                C.beingrun               D.torun

vingworked

14.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,________outofthewindow.

A.looking                   B.tolook                 C.looked                   D.havinglooked

15.________inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.

A.Towait                 B.Havewaited          C.Havingwaited         D.Tohavewaited

16.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,________as3M.

A.knowing                B.known                 C.beingknown           D.tobeknown

17.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen________,butI’mgoingto study intheU.S.A.thisSeptember.

A.tobeheard             B.tobehearing         C.tohear                  D.tohaveheard

18.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime________theexam.

A.pass                       B.topass                  C.passed                   D.passing

19.________theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.

A.Notcompleting                                         B.Notcompleted

C.Nothavingcompleted                                D.Havingnotcompleted

20.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek________TV.

A.towatch                B.towatching           C.watching                 D.watch

非谓语动词

(1)------todo;V-ing

构成形式

动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成;动名词由动词+ing构成。

主动式有:

一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式;

被动式有:

一般式、进行式和完成式。

时态语态

主动

被动

一般式

动词不定式

todo

tobedone

动名词

doing

beingdone

进形式

动词不定式

tobedoing

tobebeingdone

动名词

doing

beingdone

完成式

动词不定式

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

动名词

havingdone

havingbeendone

完成进形式

动词不定式

tohavebeendoing

动名词

havingbeendoing

用法要点讲解

一.做主语

   ⒈不定式作主语

   动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:

   

(1)把不定式置于句首。

如:

   Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.

   

(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。

如:

   ①It+be+名词+todo

   It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.

   ②Ittakessb.+sometime+todo

   Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?

   ③It+be+形容词+forsb.+todo

   Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.

   ④It+be+形容词+ofsb.+todo

   Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.

   ⑤Itseems(appears)+形容词+todo

   Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.

在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:

difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等;

在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。

在不定式前的sb.,可看作其逻辑主语。

这一句式有时相当于sb.is+形容词+todo句式,如:

It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.

   ⒉动名词做主语

   Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood.

   动名词做主语时,也常用It句式。

如:

   ①It's+nogood(nouse,fun,apleasure,awasteoftime)+doing…

   It'snogoodreadingindimlight.

   It'snousesittingherewaiting.

   ②It's+形容词+doing

   It'sdangerousswimmingintheseainwindydays.

   这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等,但important,necessary则不适用于这种结构,应用不定式代替,如:

It'simportantforyoutokeepfit.

   ③Thereisno+doing

   Thereisnosayingwhatwillhappennext.

Thereisnodenyingthathehasstolenthebike.

   在这一结构中,动名词后常带宾语,相当于"It'simpossibleto…"结构。

   ⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别

   ①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。

如:

   It'snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.

   It'snogoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.

   ②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。

如:

   It'snouseyourpretendingthatyoudidn'tknowtherules.

   二、作宾语

   ⒈不定式作宾语

   ①以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语。

如:

agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句。

如:

   Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.

   IdecidedthatIwouldaskformymoneyback.

   Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedtostartbackonfoot.

   Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedthatwewouldstartbackonfoot.

   ②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:

主语+动词+it+补语+todo句式。

如:

   Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.

   Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.

   ③介词but,except,besides+todo(do)

   在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to,带to不带do。

如:

   Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein.

   OnSundayafternoonIhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.

   ⒉动名词作宾语

   ①以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:

admit,dislike,imagine,delay,consider,mind,understand,avoid,enjoy,practice,miss,finish,keep,suggest,appreciate,resist,risk,giveup,insiston,putoff等。

如:

   Isuggestspendingoursummervacationinaseasidetown.

   Youmustgiveupsmoking,foritdoestoomuchharmtoyourhealth.

   ②动名词作介词的宾语

   Ishouldgotoattendthebirthdaycelebrationinsteadofstayingathome.

   WhataboutinvitingLiJuntomakeaspeech?

   动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:

havedifficulty(in)doing,havenotrouble(in)doing,losenotime(in)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing,thereisnouse(in)doing等。

   ⒊部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变。

如:

begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,prefer等。

hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。

   在need,require,want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:

Yourhandwritingneedsimproving(tobeimproved).

在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:

   ①hate,like,love前有would(should)时,如:

I'dliketohaveacupofcoffee.

   ②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时,如:

Thestudentsarestartingtoworkonthedifficultmathproblem.

   ③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时,如:

Isoonbegantounderstandwhatwashappening.

   ⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语。

如:

   Ourteachersdon'tpermitourswimminginthelake.

   Ourteachersdon'tpermitustoswiminthelake.

   ⒌部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。

   ①forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。

如:

   Don'tforgettoposttheletterforme.

   HaveyouforgottenmeetingherinBeijingAirport?

   Remembertoclosethewindowsbeforeyouleave.

   Irememberwritinghimaletterayearago.

   Weregrettotellyouthatallofyouarenotinvitedtoattendthemeeting.

   Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad.

   ②meantodo打算做某事

   meandoing意味着……

   Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.

   Thismeanswastingalotofmoney.

   ③trytodo设法尽力做某事

   trydoing试着做某事

   Youshouldtrytoovercomeyourshortcomings.

   Tryworkingoutthephysicsprobleminanotherway.

   ④stoptodo停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语)

   stopdoing停止做某事

   Onthewaytotheairport,Istoppedtobuyapaper.

   You'dbetterstoparguinganddoasyouaretold.

   ⑤can'thelpdoing禁不住……

   can’thelptodo不能帮助干……

   Theycouldn'thelpjumpingupatthenews.

   SorryIhavelotsofworktodo.SoIcan'thelptomakeuptheroomforyou.

   ⑥goontodo做不同的事或不同内容的事

   goondoing继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续

   Hewentontotalkaboutworldsituation.他接着又谈了世界形势。

   We'llgoonfightingsolongasthereisoppressionintheworld.

   ⑦leaveofftodo离开某地去干什么(目的状语)

   leaveoffdoing停下某事

   It'stimetoleaveofftalkingandtostartacting.

   Theyleftofftogofishing.

   三、做表语

   不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。

   ①Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.

   ②Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.

   ③Wha

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