国际实物配送outcome2.docx

国际实物配送outcome2.docx

《国际实物配送outcome2.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《国际实物配送outcome2.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

国际实物配送outcome2

国际实物配送outcome2

Technicalreport1---InternationalTransportModes

Table–Internationaltransportmodes

Mode

Totalmodecost

Costperpallet

Transittime

Modeadvantages

Modedisadvantages

Sea

£620

£24.8

7days

1.lowestexpenseoffreight.

2.largequantities.

3.longdistance

1.slowest

2.vulnerabletobadweather

3.lesspunctual

4.highrisk

Air

£1265

£253

4hours

1.improveefficiencyoperations

2.increasesecurity

3.useinformationtechnology

4.fasterspeed

1.hightotalcost

2.theweightlimit

3.nottoofarfromtheairport

Rail

£1275

£51

2days

1.largecapacity

2.relativelypunctual

3.economical

4.relativelyhighspeed

5.lesspronetointerruptionsbyproowether

1.confinedtorailroad

2.lessflexible

Directroad

£1350

£67.5

3days

1.betterforshort-shipped

2.flxibleandconvenient

1.smallcapacity

2.hightransportcost

3.highrateofgoodsdamage

4.disruptedbyweather

Multi-mode

£1185

£47.4

7daysand18hours

1.reducehandingofcargo

2.permitdoor-to-doorservice

3.reducetheriskofpilferagewithsubsequentsavingsoninsurancepremiums

4.quickertransittimes

5.enablethequotationofthroughratestothedistance

1.investmentcostarehigh

2.notallcargoissuitableforcontainersation

TheExplanationofData

Sea:

thetotalcostis£620,thisisbecauseoftheseatransportis40ftcontainercarrying25palletsandthepriceis£620percontainer. Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£620/25=£24.8.Thetransittimeis7daysinthebasicdata.

Air:

thetotalcostis£1265,thisisbecauseoftheairwillbebyairplanecargohold,atmaximumoffivepalletandthepriceis£1265per5pallets.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£1265/5=£253.Thetransittimeis4hours.

Rail:

Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet.Thusthecostperpallet=£1275/25=£51.Thetransittimeis2days.thetotalmodecostis£1275,thisisduetothattherailtransportwillbeby40ftcontainercarrying25pallets,thusthepriceis£1275.

Directroad:

thetotalmodecostequalto£1350,thepriceis£1350perflatbedcontainerlorryandthedirectroadwillbebycurtainsiderigidlorrycarrying20pallets.Thusthetotalmodecostis£1350.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£1350/20=£67.5,thetransmittimeis3days.

Multi-mode:

firstofall,thepriceis£125fromtheMilanGlassWorkstoGenoaCalata,addtheseamode£620andtherailcost£295,then,addtheroadformCoatbridgeRailporttoKirriemuirBottling,thecostis£145.ThusTotalmodecost=£125+£620+£295+£145=£1185.Totalpallet=25.Thetotalmodecost=£1185/25=£47.4.Thetime=6hours+7days+5hours+7hours=7daysand18hours.thetotalcostequalto£1185.

Technicalreport2---Consignmentdeliveryterms

Table-Incotermsandtheirdefinition

Initial

Incoterm

Description

EXW

ExWorks（namedplaceofdelivery）

Thebuyerisresponsibleforuploading.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationonthebuyerandminimumobligationontheseller.TheExWorkstermisoftenusedwhenmakinganinitialquotationforthesaleofgoodswithoutanycostsincluded.EXWmeansthatasellerhasthegoodsreadyforcollectionathispremisesonthedatagreetupon.Thebuyerpaysalltransportationcostsandalsobearstherisksforbringingthegoodstotheirfinaldestination.Thesellerdoesn’tloadthegoodsoncollectingvehiclesanddoesn’tclearthemforexport.

FCA

FreeCarrier（namedplaceofdelivery）

Atradetermrequiringthesellertodelivergoodstoanamedairport,terminal,orotherplacewherethecarrieroperates.Costfortransportationandriskoflosstransfertothebuyerafterdelivertothecarrier.Thesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenhehashandedthegoodsover,clearedforexport,intothechargeofthecarriernamedbythebuyeratthenamedplace.Whenusedintradeterms,theword“free”meansthesellerhasanobligationtodelivergoodstoanamedplacefortransfertocarrier.

CPT

CarriagePaidto（namedplaceofdestination）

Theriskofdamageorlosstothegoodsbeingtransportedistransferredfromthesellertothebuyerassoonasthegoodshavebeendeliveredtothecarrier.Thesellerisresponsibleonlyforarrangingfreighttothedestination,andnotforinsuringthegoodsshipmentwhenitisbeingtransported.Ithasbeendesignedtosuittheneedsofmodembusiness.

CIP

CarriageandInsurancePaidto（namedplaceofdestination）

Itreferstothatthesellerdeliverthegoodstothecarrierorfirstcarrierandpayforthecarriageofgoodsuptothenamedplaceofdestination.Meanwhile,thesellermustobtaintheinsuranceforthegoodswhileittransit.Afterthesellerdeliverthegoodstothecarrier,theriskwilltransmittobuyer.

DAT

DeliveredatTerminal（namedplaceofdestination）

Itmeansthesellercoversallthecostsoftransportsuchastheexportfees,carriage,unloadingfrommaincarrieratdestinationportanddestinationportcharges.meanwhile,itmustassumesallriskuntildestinationportorterminal.TheterminalcanbeaPort,Airport,orinlandfreightinterchange.Importduty/taxes/customscostsaretobebornebyBuyer.Theriskistransmittobuyerwhenthebuyercontrolthegoods.

DAP

Deliveredatplace（namedplaceofdestination）

Referstothesellertoshipthegoodswithinthespecifieddestination,needtoprepareforunloadingwithoutunloadingthecompletedeliverytermreferringtothearrivalofvehiclesincludingships,includingdestinationport,thesellershallbearallcostsandrisksofthegoodsshippedtothespecifieddestinationandcharges（exceptimportcharges）thistermappliestoanymodeoftransportationandmilti-modetransportbysea.

DDP

DeliveredDutyPaid（namedplaceofdestination）

ItmeanstheSellerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothenamedplaceinthecountryofthebuyer,andpaysallcostsinbringingthegoodstothedestinationincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.Thesellerisnotresponsibleforunloading.Whenthesellercompletethedeliverinthenamedplaceofdestination,therisktransmittobuyer.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationsonthesellerandminimumobligationsonthebuyer

Explanation:

Incoterms2010 istheeighthsetofpre-definedinternationalcontracttermspublishedbythe InternationalChamberofCommerce.Itinclude11terms,suchastheEXW,FCA,FAS,FOB,CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP,DAP,DATandDDP.Thesetermsimprovetheefficiencyofinternationaltradeandsimplifytheprocessandstages.

Thepreviousversion,therulesaredividedintofourcategories,but11incoterms2010predefinedtermsbasedonthedeliverymethodonlycanbedividedintotwocategories.Therulesofalargergroupofseven（g7）canbeinformsThechoppedofThemethodoftransmission,andasmallgroupoffourappliesonlytoThesales,onlyinvolvesThetransportofwatercanverifyTheconditionofThegoodsTheloadedonboardTheship.Theythereforeisnot2forcontainertransportation.

Table–Allocationsofcostbuyer/selleraccordingtoIncoterms2010

Explanation:

EXWisexfactory（placeofdelivery）.Wheretheword'sbiggestobligationtothebuyerandtheseller'sminimumobligations.Thebuyerwillpaythecostofmanyparts,suchastheexportdeclaration,transportation,portofexport,etc.

FCAisfreecarrier（designatedplaceofdelivery）,thesellerisresponsiblefortheshipment,thecarrierofthebuyer,thebuyerisresponsibleforunloadingandloadingthegoodstothecarrier.Whenthegoodsdeliveredtothecarrier,theriskwilltransferthebuyer.

TheCPTiscarriagepaidto（destination）isresponsiblefortheoriginoftheshippercostincludestransportationexportcustomsclearanceandfreightnamedplace（usuallyadestinationportorairport）.Theshipperisnotresponsiblefordeliverytothefinaldestination（usuallythebuyer'sfacilities）,ortobuyinsurance.

CIPisthefreightandinsurancepaidto（designateddestination）,thesellerisresponsibleformost,suchastheexportcustomsdeclarationform,loadingandunloadingchargesattheportofimportandexport.Insuranceistheresponsibilityoftheseller.Thebuyerisresponsiblefortheimportcustomsclearanceandtax.Thesellerpaysformost.

ThedeliveryDATisterminal（designateddestination）,theselleristocoverallshippingcostssuchasexportcharges,transportation,unloadingfromthemaincarrierattheportofdestinationandthedestinationportcost.Thebuyerisresponsiblefortheimportcustomsclearanceandtax.Thesellerpaysformost.

Bounceis（specifythedestinationofdelivery）,thesellerisresponsibleforarrangingtransportationanddeliveryofgoods,fromtraffictoolsreadyatdischarge,atthespecifiedplace.Thebuyerisresponsiblefortheimportcustomsclearanceandtax.Thesellerpaysformost.

DDPdeliverydutypaid（designateddestination）,thesellerisresponsibleforthegoodssenttothedesignatedplaceinChinabuyers,thegoodstothedestinationandpayallfeesincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.Wheretheword'slargestresponsibilityonthesellerandthebuyerminimumobligation.

\

3.0Technicalreport3---Consolidationandgroupagearrangements

Chart–Consolidationandgroupagearrangements

Definitionof

Groupage

Tofillawholeboxofgoodsreceipts.Thiskindofgoodsusuallybythecarrier,respectively,inlandfreightandincontainerfreightstationorfreightstation,andthenwillbemorethantwoticketcargoinacontainer,alsowanttostandatthedestinationofinlandcontainerdepotordevanningdeliveryrespectively.Forthiskingofgoods,thecarriershouldaffordtoboxingandunboxingoperations,loading