商业计划书提纲写作中英文.docx
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商业计划书提纲写作中英文
BusinessPlanOutline-23PointChecklistForSuccess
DaveLavinsky,Contributor
Ifyou’relookingforfundingforaneworexistingbusiness,youneedabusinessplan.Yourbusinessplangiveslendersandinvestorstheinformationtheyneedtodeterminewhetherornottheyshouldconsideryourcompany.
Yourbusinessplanoutlineisthefirststepinorganizingyourthoughts.And,whenyoufollowtheoutlinebelow,youensureyourbusinessplanisintheformatthatpromptsinvestorsandlenderstotakeaction.
Inthebusinessplanoutlinebelow,youwillseetheten(10)sectionscommontobusinessplans,andthetwenty-three(23)sub-sectionsyoumustcomplete.
SectionI–ExecutiveSummary
1–ExecutiveSummary
TheExecutiveSummaryisthemostimportantpartofyourbusinessplan.Becauseifitdoesn’tinterestreaders,they’llneverevengettotherestofyourplan.
StartyourExecutiveSummarywithabriefandconciseexplanationofwhatyourcompanydoes.Next,explainwhyyourcompanyisuniquelyqualifiedtosucceed.Forexample,doesyourmanagementteamhaveuniquecompetencies?
Doyouhaveanypatents?
Areyouthefirstmoverinyourmarket?
Doesahuge,unmetmarketopportunityexist?
Etc.
Finally,includeasynopsisofyourfinancialprojectionsinyourExecutiveSummary.Specifically,includeyourexpectedrevenues,expensesandprofitsforeachofthenextfiveyears,howmuchfundingyouareseeking,andthekeyusesofthesefunds.
SectionII–CompanyOverview
2–CompanyOverview
TheCompanyOverviewsectionprovidesabriefhistoryofyourcompany.
Hereyouwillanswerquestionssuchaswhenandhowyourorganizationwasformed,whattypeoflegalentityyouare,andaccomplishmentstodate.
Importantly,yourpastaccomplishmentsareperhapsthebestindicatorofpotentialfuturesuccess,sobesuretoidentifyandincludeallkeymilestonesyourcompanyhasachievedtodate.
SectionIII–IndustryAnalysis
YourIndustryAnalysissectionhastwosub-sectionsasfollows:
3–MarketOverview
TheMarketOverviewsectiondiscussesthesizeandcharacteristicsofyourmarket.Forexample,ifyouarearestaurant,youwouldincludethesizeoftherestaurantmarket,abriefdiscussionofsectors(e.g.,fastfoodversusfinedining)andmarkettrends.
4–RelevantMarketSize
Therelevantmarketsizeisamuchmorespecificcalculationofyourmarketsize.Itistheannualrevenueyourcompanycouldattainifitattained100%marketshare.Yourrelevantmarketsizeiscalculatedbymultiplying1)thenumberofcustomerswhomightbeinterestedinpurchasingyourproductsand/orserviceseachyearand2)theamountthesecustomersmightbewillingtospend,onanannualbasis,onyourproductsand/orservices.
SectionIV–CustomerAnalysis
YourCustomerAnalysissectionhastwosub-sectionsasfollows:
5–TargetCustomers
YourTargetCustomerssectionpreciselyidentifiesyourcurrentand/orintendedcustomers.Includeasmuchdemographicdataonyourtargetcustomersaspossible,suchastheirgender,age,salary,geography,maritalstatusandeducation.
6–CustomerNeeds
Inthissectionofyourbusinessplan,specifywhycustomerswantorneedyourproductsand/orservices.Forexample,docustomerscaremostaboutspeed,quality,location,reliability,comfort,price,value,etc.?
SectionV–CompetitiveAnalysis
YourCompetitiveAnalysissectionhasthreesub-sectionsasfollows:
7–DirectCompetitors
Directcompetitorsarecompaniesthatfillthesamecustomerneedyoufillwiththesamesolution.Forexample,ifyouoperateanItalianrestaurant,otherItalianrestaurantswouldbedirectcompetitors.
Inthissectionofyourbusinessplan,outlinewhoyourdirectcompetitorsare,andtheirstrengthsandweaknesses.
8–IndirectCompetitors
Indirectcompetitorsarecompaniesthatfillthesamecustomerneedyoufillwithadifferentsolution.Forexample,ifyouoperateanItalianrestaurant,aFrenchrestaurantwouldbeanindirectcompetitor.
Inthissectionofyourbusinessplan,outlinewhoyourindirectcompetitorsare,andtheirstrengthsandweaknesses.
9–CompetitiveAdvantages
Importantly,identifyyourCompetitiveAdvantagesinthissection.Specifically,statewhatisitaboutyourcompanythatwillallowyoutoeffectivelycompete(andwin)againstbothdirectandindirectcompetitors.
SectionVI–MarketingPlan
YourMarketingPlansectionhasfoursub-sectionsasfollows:
10–Products&Services
Hereiswhereyougivethedetailsoftheproductsand/orservicesyourcompanyoffers.
11–Pricing
Detailyourpricinghere.Inparticular,discusshowyourpricingrelatestocompetition.Forexample,areyouthepremiumbrand?
Thelowcostbrand?
Discussyourexpectedbrandingbasedonyourchosenpricingmodel.
12–PromotionsPlan
Yourpromotionsplandetailsthetacticsyouwillusetoattractnewcustomers.Forexample,youmightchooseradioadvertising,oronlinepay-per-clickads,orpressreleases,andsoon.Inthissection,detaileachformofpromotionsyouwilluse.
13–DistributionPlan
YourDistributionPlanoutlinesthewaysinwhichcustomerscanbuyfromyou.Inmanycases,theycanonlybuydirectlyfromyou,perhapsatyourphysicallocationorwebaddress.Inothercases,youmighthavedistributorsorpartnerswhosellyourproductsorservices.Insuchacase,detailthisstructure.
SectionVII–OperationsPlan
YourOperationsPlansectionhastwosub-sectionsasfollows:
14–KeyOperationalProcesses
YourKeyOperationalProcessesarethedailyfunctionsyourbusinessmustconduct.Inthissection,youwilldetailthesefunctions.Forexample,willyoumaintainaCustomerServicedepartment?
Ifso,whatspecificrolewillitfill?
Bycompletingthissection,you’llgetgreatclarityontheorganizationyouhopetobuild.
15–Milestones
Inthissectionofyourbusinessplan,listthekeymilestonesyouhopetoachieveinthefutureandthetargetdatesforachievingthem.
Hereiswhereyousetgoalsforspecificandcriticalundertakings,suchaswhenanewproductwillbecreatedandlaunched,bywhenyouplantoexecutenewpartnerships,etc.
SectionVIII–ManagementTeam
YourManagementTeamsectionhasthreesub-sectionsasfollows:
16–ManagementTeamMembers
Thissectiondetailsthecurrentmembersofyourmanagementteamandtheirbackgrounds.
17–ManagementTeamGaps
Particularlyifyou’reastartupventure,youwillhaveholesinyourteam;rolesthatyou’dliketofilllater.Identifysuchroleshere,andthequalificationsofthepeopleyouwillseeklatertofillthem.
18–BoardMembers
IfyoumaintainaBoardofAdvisorsorBoardofDirectors,detailyourBoardmembersandtheirbiosinthissection.
SectionIX–FinancialPlan
YourFinancialPlansectionhasfoursub-sectionsasfollows:
19–RevenueModel
Assimpleasitseems,thissectionofyourbusinessplangivesclarityonhowyougeneraterevenues.Doyousellproducts?
Doyouselladvertisingspace?
Doyousellby-products,likedata?
Doyousellalloftheabove?
20- FinancialHighlights
Yourfullfinancialmodel(incomestatement,balancesheetandcashflowstatement)belonginyourAppendix,butinthissectionyou’llincludethehighlights.Forinstance,includeyourrevenues,keyexpenses,andprojectednetincomeforthenextfiveyears.
21–FundingRequirements/UseofFunds
Ifyouareseekingfundingforyourcompany,detailtheamounthere,andimportantlyforwhatyouwillusethefunds.
22–ExitStrategy
Particularlyifyouareseekingequityfunding,detailyourexpectedexitstrategy.Themostlikelyexitstrategyistosellyourcompanytoalargerfirm.Ifso,detailthetypesoffirmsthatmightbeinterestedinpurchasingyouandwhy.Listthespecificnamesofpotentialacquirersifapplicable.
SectionX–Appendix
23–SupportingDocumentation
Asmentionedabove,yourfullfinancialmodel(incomestatement,balancesheetandcashflowstatement)belonginyourappendix.
Likewise,includeanysupportingdocumentationthatwillhelpconvincereadersyourcompanywillsucceed.Forexample,includecustomerlists,awards,andpatentsreceivedamongothers.
Ihopethisbusinessplanoutlinehashelpedyouorganizeyourthoughtsandanswerthekeyquestionsneededtostartandgrowasuccessfulbusiness.Whiletwenty-threesectionsseemslikealot,ifyoucompletethemoneatatime,youcanmakeprogressandfinishyourentireplanquicklyandeffectively.
商业计划书提纲:
通向成功的23点清单(来源:
福布斯中文网)
如果你正在为一项全新的或已有的业务寻求融资,你就需要一份商业计划书。
商业计划书能够提供必需的信息,供出资人和投资人判断他们是否应考虑投资你的公司。
商业计划书提纲是你组织思路的第一步。
如果你按照下面的提纲来制作商业计划书,那么就确保了它从格式上起到促使投资人和出资人采取行动的作用。
在下面的商业计划书提纲中,你将看到商业计划书中常见的十个(10)章节,以及你必须完成的二十三个(23)子章节。
第I章:
执行摘要
1:
执行摘要
执行摘要是商业计划书最重要的部分,因为如果执行摘要不能引起读者的兴趣,他们甚至不会去看你计划书的其余内容。
在执行摘要的开头,简洁明了地解释你的公司开展的业务。
然后,介绍为什么你的公司能够取得成功,它具备哪些独一无二的特质。
例如,你的管理团队是否拥有出色的竞争力?
你是否拥有专利?
你是否是所在市场的先行者?
是否存在着尚未被满足的巨大市场机会?
等等。
最后,在执行摘要中需要提供财务预测概要。
具体而言,需要包括未来五年中,每一年的预期营业收入、成本支出和利润,以及你需要的资金数额和这些资金的关键用途。
第II章:
公司概述
2:
公司概述
公司概述这一章,简要介绍了你的公司的发展历程。
这一部分需要回答的问题,包括公司的成立时间和成立过程、公司的法人实体类型、以及目前为止取得的成就。
过去的成就非常重要,它可能是评估你公司成功潜力的最佳参考指标,所以一定要确保公司取得的所有关键里程碑都包括在这一部分中。
第III章:
行业分析
行业分析由如下两个子章节构成:
3:
市场概览
市场概览部分讨论公司所在市场的规模和特征。
例如,如果你的公司是一家餐厅,那么这部分就需要包括餐饮行业的市场规模,对细分市场(例如,快餐业vs正餐业)和市场发展趋势的简要讨论。
4:
相关市场规模
相关市场规模是对市场规模更加具体的计算,它的定义是:
如果你的公司取得100%的市场份额,每年能够获得的营业收入。
相关市场规模是两个数字的乘积:
1)每年可能会购买你的产品和/或服务的消费者数量,以及2)每一年,这些消费者愿意为你的产品和/或服务所支付的费用。
第IV章:
消费者分析
消费者分析包含如下两个子章节:
5:
目标消费者
目标消费者这一部分需要精准地定义公司当前和/或计划针对的目标消费者。
需要尽可能多地提供目标消费者的统计信息,例如性别、年龄、收入、地域分布、婚姻状况和教育情况。
6:
客户需求
在商业计划书的这一章,详细阐明消费者需要你的产品和/或服务的原因。
例如,消费者最看重的是速度?
质量?
位置?
可靠性?
舒适性?
价格?
价值?
诸如此类。
第V章:
竞争分析
竞争分析包含如下三个子章节:
7:
直接竞争者
所谓直接竞争者,是指采用与你的公司同样的解决方案,并满足同样的客户需求的公司。
例如,如果你经营一家意大利餐厅,那么其它意大利餐厅就是直接竞争者。
在商业计划书的这一章,介绍你的直接竞争者有哪些,以及他们的竞争优劣势。
8:
间接竞争者
间接竞争者虽然也满足同样的客户需求,但和你的公司采用不同的解决方案。
例如,如果你经营一家