新东方老师总结的单词前缀后缀.docx
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新东方老师总结的单词前缀后缀
一.表示否定的前缀
1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。
disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意)
2.in-加在形容词,名词之前incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)
3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前impossible(不顺能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻)
4.il-加在以l开头的词前illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的)
5.ir-加在以r开头的词前irregular(不稳定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的)
6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业)
7.non-加在形容词,名词前non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的)
8.mis-加在动词、名词之前misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misfortune(不幸)
9.dis-加地动词之前disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系)
10.de-加在名词,形容词之前demobilize(遣散;使…复员)decolor(脱色,漂白)
11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidite(解毒药)
12.counter-加在名词、动词前counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命)
二.表示“前before”的前缀
1.pre-preconception(成见),pre-exsiting(先于……而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的)preface(前言)
2.Ante-anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者)3.Fore-forehaed(前额),foreground(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见,先见),foretell(预言)
4.Pro-programme(计划),prologue(序幕)
5.Ex-ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻)
三.表示“后-post”的前缀
1.post-post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午)
四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀
1.Hypo-Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),pypocholoride(次氯酸盐)
2.Infra-Infra-red(红外线),infrahuman(低于人类的),infrasonic(亚声的,次声的)
3.Sub-Sub-editou(副编辑),sub-way(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的),subtropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题)
五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀
1.Re-Refuel(给…加油),retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct(重建),return(返回)
2.Retro-Retrograde(倒退的),retrospect(回顾)
六.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀
1.Co-co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校)
七.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀
1.Inter-Interchangeble(可互换的),interdipendert(互相依靠的),international(国际的),inter-national(交往)
八.表示“出”、“超出”的前缀
1.Ec-Eclipse(蚀),ecstasy(狂想)
2.Extra-Extraordinary(非凡的),extramural(校外的),extrasensory(超感觉的)
九.表示“超过”的前缀
1.hyper-,preter-,super-,sur-,ultra-hyper-sensitive(过敏的),preterhuman(超人的)
十.其它的前缀
1.auto-自automatic(自动的),auto-autobilgraphy(自传)2.mal-坏,恶Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待)
3.Micro-Microscope(显微镜),microtome(切片机)
4.Tele-远Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜)
5.Demi-,semi-hemi-Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月)
6.Uni-,mono-(单一,单独)Monotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服)
7.Bi-,di-二Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物)
8.Tri-三Triangle(三角),tripld(三角架)
9.Multi-多multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的)10.Poly–多Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的)
11.Arch-首领archbishop(大主教),architect(建筑师)
12.bene-善,好benefit(利益),benevolence(善意)
13.homo-同homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字)14.neo新neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的)
15.ortho-正确,直orthogonal(直角的),orthodox(正统)
16.philo-挚爱philosopher(哲学家)
17.proto-原始protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质)
18.pseudo-假的,伪的,冒充的pseudonym(匿名),pseudo-communism(假共产主义)
19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自avoid(避免),absent(缺少的),abstain(抑制),abstract(吸引)
20.Apo-,aph-来自apology(道歉,谢罪),apostle(倡言者,先驱)
21.se-分离separation(分开),secure(安全的),sedition(煽动叛乱)
22.para-防parachute(降落伞),
23.omni-所有的,公共的omnibus(公共汽车),omnipotence(万能)
24.pan-全,泛Pan-American(全美的),pancean(万灵药),panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒)
25.panto-全pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic(视野广大)
26.dia-通过,借以diagonal(对角的),diagnosis(诊断),dialogue(对话)
27.Per-通过,彻底,不利perambrlate(走来走去),perfect极好的
28.trans-通过,横过transcript(抄本,副本;记录),translation(翻译),trxnsparent(透明的),transport(运输),trans-plant(移植)
29.Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全comment(评论),compile(编辑),correlation(相互关系),collect(收集),corruption(贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著)
30.syn-共同synonym(同义词),synchronization(同步),syntonic(谐振的),synthetic(人工的,合成的)
31.meta-和,在……之后metaphor(比喻),metaphysics(形而上学)
32.Cis-在这一边cisatlantic(大西洋这边的)
33.pen-几乎,相近peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的,形成半岛的)
34.en-,em-往……里,使……encamp(扎营),enable(使……能),endear(使……受喜爱),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会))
35.intro内在intracardiac(心脏内部的),intramolecular(分子内部的),intracelular(细胞内部的)
36.intro-到……中introduce(介绍),introspect(反省,内省)37.dys-坏dyspepsia(消化不良),dysentry(痢疾)
38.Eu-优,美好eulogy(颂词),euphony(悦耳的声音)
39.ambi-,amphi-两者amphibian(两栖的),ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的)
40.penta-五pentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星),pentameter(五步诗句)
41.sex-六sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的)
42.sept-七September九月(古罗马的七月),septennial(七年一度)
43.hepta-七heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形)
44.octa-,octo,oct八octagon(八角形),octuple(八倍)October(十月)
45.nona-,ennea-九nonagon(九角形),ennead(九个一组)46.deci-,deca-十decimal(十进位的),decagramme(十克)
47.centi-百centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣)
48.milli-千millenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米)
49.Kilo-千kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米)
后缀
1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:
从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(personengagedinanoccupationoractivity)例词:
gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor
2.-let意为:
小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportantthings)例词:
booklet,leaflet,starlet
3.-ette意为:
1)小的东西(small)例词:
cigarette2)假的东西(imitation)例词:
leatherette3)女性(female)例词:
usherette
4.-ess意为:
女性(female)例词:
actress,poetess,hostess,paintress5.-hood意为:
时期(status;etc.)例词:
boyhood,childhood,manhood6.-ship意为:
才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:
leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship
7.-ful意为:
量(theamountwhichnouncontains)例词:
cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful
8.-tion,-ion意为:
1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:
action,oppression,possession,education,starva-tion2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词:
organization,foundation
9.-ment意为:
状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:
movement,enslavement,pavement
10.-al意为:
动作(action)例词:
arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal
11.-age意为:
程度,数量等(extent;amount;etc.)例词:
wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage
12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:
状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:
happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability
13.-ism意为:
道义,主义,学说等(doctrineof,practiceof)例词:
idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism
二、动词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ify意为:
转为,变为(toturninto,tomakeorbecome)例词:
beautify,diversify,simplify
2.ize;-en意为:
使……,变得……(tomakeorbecome;tomakeinto)例词:
modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten
3.-ate意为:
增加,使……(giveoradd,makeorbecome)例词:
originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate
三.形容词后缀:
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ful意为:
充满,有(fullof;hav-ing;giving;etc.)例词:
useful,pitiful,hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful
2.-less意为:
没有,无(without;notgiving)例词:
speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless
3.-ly意为:
有……品质的(havingthequalitiesof)例词:
beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly
4.-like意为:
像……的(like)例词:
childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like5.-y;-ish意为:
像……一般的(somewhatlike)例词:
meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish
6.-some意为:
像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing;havingthequalityof)例词:
troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome
7.-able(ible)意为:
能……的;可以……的(abletobe;capable)例词:
changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible
8.-ed意为:
有……的(having,etc.)例词:
wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped
9.-al意为:
有……属性的,……类型的(natureof,typicalof)例词:
cultural,personal,regional,musical
10.-ary(ory)意为:
属于……的,与……相连的(belongingto;connectedwith)例词:
revolutionary,imaginary,contradictory
11.-ous意为:
富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(fullof;havingthequalityof;like)例词:
glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious
12.-ic(ical)意为:
……类的;属于……的(typicalof;belongingto)例词:
historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic13.-ive意为:
有……属性的;有某种倾向的(havingthenatureorqualityof;givenortendingto)例词:
attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive
四.副词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ly意为:
以……方式(ina...manner;etc.)例词:
happily,boldly,attentive-ly,strangely
2.-ward(s)意为:
表示方式或动作的方向(manneranddirectionofmovement)例词:
onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)
3.-wise意为:
1)按照……方式(inthemannerof)例词:
crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(asfaras...isconcerned)例词:
weatherwise,educationwise有一个原因的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加以元音后缀是,要双写这个辅音.例词:
run+er=runnerhit+ing=hitting