材料导论英文版教案.docx

材料导论英文版教案.docx

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材料导论英文版教案

Chapter1Introduction

Readthetextbook（P3）andanswerthefollowingquestion：

Whatisthephenomenon?

Andwhy?

Youshouldbeabletodothefollowing:

1.Listsixdifferentpropertyclassificationsofmaterialsthatdeterminetheirapplicability.

2.Citethefourcomponentsthatareinvolvedinthedesign,production,andutilizationofmaterials,andbrieflydescribetheinterrelationshipsbetweenthesecomponents.

3.Citethreecriteriathatareimportantinthematerialsselectionprocess.

4.（a）Listthethreeprimaryclassificationsofsolidmaterials,andthencitethedistinctivechemicalfeatureofeach.

（b）Notetheotherthreetypesofmaterialsand,foreach,itsdistinctivefeature（s）.

Chapter2InteratomicBonding

1Makesureyouunderstandconcepts:

“Covalentbond共价键

“Dipole（electric）偶极

“Hydrogenbond氢键

“Ionicbond离子键

“Metallicbond金属键

“Polarmolecule极性分子

“Primarybonding主价键

“Secondarybonding次价键

“VanderWaalsbond范德华键

“Valenceelectron价电子

2youshouldbeabletodothefollowing:

（1）Brieflydescribeformationandcharacteristicsofionic,covalent,metallic,hydrogen,andvanderWaalsbonds.

（2）Notewhatmaterialsexhibiteachofthesebondingtypes.

Chapter3StructureofSolids

1．Makesureyouunderstandlanguageandconcepts:

ØAllotropy同素异形现象，同素异构现象

ØAmorphous无定形的，非晶态的

ØAnisotropy各向异性

Atomicpackingfactor（APF）原子密堆因素

Body-centeredcubic（BCC）体心立方

ØCoordinationnumber配位数

ØCrystalstructure晶体结构

ØCrystalline晶体的

Face-centeredcubic（FCC）面心立方

ØGrain晶粒

ØGrainboundary晶界

Hexagonalclose-packed（HCP）密排六方

ØIsotropic各向同性的

ØLatticeparameter晶格参数

ØNon-crystalline非晶的

ØPolycrystalline多晶的

ØPolymorphism多晶型现象，同质异构现象

ØSinglecrystal单晶

ØUnitcell晶胞，单胞

2.Youshouldbeabletodothefollowing

1.Describethedifferenceinatomic/molecularstructurebetweencrystallineandnoncrystallinematerials.

2.Drawunitcellsforface-centeredcubic,body-centeredcubic,andhexagonalclose-packedcrystalstructures.

3.Computethedensitiesformetalshavingface-centeredcubicandbody-centeredcubiccrystalstructuresgiventheirunitcelldimensions.

4.Distinguishbetweensinglecrystalsandpolycrystallinematerials.

5.Defineisotropyandanisotropywithrespecttomaterialproperties.

Chapter4Imperfectionsinsolids

1.Makesureyouunderstandlanguageandconcepts

•Alloy合金

Atompercent原子百分数

•Atomicvibration原子振动

Boltzmann‘sconstant波尔兹曼常数

•Burgersvector柏氏矢量

Composition成分

Defectstructure缺陷构造

•Dislocationline位错线

Edgedislocation刃位错

Electroneutrality电中性

•Frenkeldefect弗兰克缺陷

Grainsize晶粒尺寸

•Imperfection缺陷，非理想性

•Interstitialsolidsolution间隙式固溶体

Microscopy显微镜法

Microstructure显微结构，微观结构

Mixeddislocation混合位错

Photomicrograph显微照片

•Pointdefect点缺陷

Scanningelectronmicroscope（SEM）扫描电子显微镜

Scanningprobemicroscope（SPM）扫描探针显微镜

•Schottkydefect肖脱基缺陷

Screwdislocation螺旋位错

•Self-interstitial自间隙的

•Solidsolution固溶体

•Solute溶质

•Solvent溶剂

•Stoichiometry化学计量学

•Substitutionalsolidsolution置换固溶体

Transmissionelectronmicroscope（TEM）透射电子显微镜

•Vacancy空位

Weightpercent重量百分数

2.Youshouldbeabletodothefollowing

1.Describebothvacancyandself-interstitialcrystallinedefects.

2.Calculatetheequilibriumnumberofvacanciesinamaterialatsomespecifiedtemperature,giventherelevantconstants.

3.Namethetwotypesofsolidsolutions,andprovideabriefwrittendefinitionand/orschematicsketchofeach.

4.NameanddescribeeightdifferentionicpointdefectsthatarefoundInceramiccompounds.

5.Giventhemassesandatomicweightsoftwoormoreelementsinametalalloy,calculatetheweightpercentandatomicpercentforeachelement.

6.Foreachofedge,screw,andmixeddislocations:

（a）describeandmakeadrawingofthedislocation;

（b）notethelocationofthedislocationline;and

（c）indicatethedirectionalongwhichthedislocationlineextends.

7.Describetheatomicstructurewithinthevicinityof（a）agrainboundary,and（b）atwinboundary.

Chapter5mechanicalproperties

1．Makesureyouunderstandlanguageandconcepts

ØAnelasticity滞弹性

ØCharpytest简支梁试验

ØDuctility延展性

ØElasticdeformation弹性变形

ØElasticrecovery弹性恢复

ØEngineeringstrain工程应变

ØEngineeringstress工程应力

ØHardness硬度

ØImpactenergy冲击能

ØIzodtest悬臂梁试验

ØModulusofelasticity弹性模量

ØPlasticdeformation塑性变形

ØPoisson’sratio泊松比

ØShear剪切

ØTensilestrength拉伸强度

ØToughness韧性

ØYielding屈服

ØYieldstrength屈服强度

2．youshouldbeabletodothefollowing

1.Defineengineeringstressandengineeringstrain.

2.StateHooke'slaw,andnotetheconditionsunderwhichitisvalid.

3.DefinePoisson'sratio.

4.Givenanengineeringstress-straindiagram,determine（a）themodulusofelasticity,（b）theyieldstrength（0.002strainoffset）,and（c）thetensilestrength,and（d）estimatethepercentelongation.

5.Forthetensiledeformationofaductilecylindricaispecimen,describechangesinspecimenprofiletothepointoffracture.

6.Computeductilityintermsofbothpercentelongationandpercentreductionofareaforamaterialthatisloadedintensiontofracture.

7.Statethereasonswhyhardnesstestsareperformedmorefrequentlythananyothermechanicaltest.Namethetwomostcommonhardness-testingtechniques.

8.Computetheworkingstressforaductilemateriai.

Chapter6DeformationandStrengtheningMechanisms

1．Makesureyouunderstandlanguageandconcepts:

ØColdworking冷加工

ØCriticalresolvedshearstress临界分切应力

ØDislocationdensity位错密度

ØGraingrowth晶粒长大

ØLatticestrain晶格应变，晶格畸变

ØRecovery回复

ØRecrystallization再结晶

ØRecrystallizationtemperature再结晶温度

ØResolvedshearstress分切应力

ØSlip滑移

ØSlipsystem滑移系

ØStrainhardening形变硬化

ØSolid-solutionstrengthening固溶强化

2．youshouldbeabletodothefollowing

1.Describeedgeandscrewdislocationmotionfromanatomicperspective.

2.Describehowplasticdeformationoccursbythemotionofedgeandscrewdislocationsinresponsetoappliedshearstresses.

3.Defineslipsystemandciteoneexample.

4.Describehowthegrainstructureofapolycrystallinemetalisalteredwhenitisplasticallydeformed.

5.Explainhowgrainboundariesimpededislocationmotionandwhyametalhavingsmallgrainsisstrongerthanonehavinglargegrains.

6.Describeandexplainsolid-solutionstrengtheningforsubstitutionalimpurityatomsintermsoflatticestraininteractionswithdislocations.

7.Describeandexplainthephenomenonofstrainhardening（orcoldworking）intermsofdislocationsandstrainfieldinteractions.

8.Describerecrystallizationintermsofboththealterationofmicrostructureandmechanicalcharacteristicsofthematerial.

9.Describethephenomenonofgraingrowthfrombothmacroscopicandatomicperspectives.

Chapter7Phasediagrame

1．Makesureyouunderstandlanguageandconcepts:

ØAustenite奥氏体

ØCementite渗碳体

ØComponent组元

ØEquilibrium平衡

ØEutecticphase共晶相

ØEutecticreaction共晶反应

ØEutecticstructure共晶组织

ØEutectoidreaction共析反应

ØFerrite铁素体

ØHypereutectoidalloy过共析合金

ØHypoeutectoidalloy亚共析合金

ØIntermetalliccompound金属间化合物

ØInvariantpoint恒定点、三相平衡点

ØIsomorphous匀晶的

ØMetastable亚稳的

ØMicrostructure显微组织

ØPearlite珠光体

ØPeritecticreaction包晶反应

ØPhase相

ØPhasediagram相图

ØPhaseequilibrium相平衡

ØProeutectoidcementite先共析渗碳体

ØProeutectoidferrite先共析铁素体

ØSolubilitylimit溶解度极限

2．youshouldbeabletodothefollowing

1.（a）Schematicallysketchsimpleisomorphousandeutecticphasediagrams.

（b）Onthesediagramslabelthevariousphaseregions.

（c）Labelliquidus,solidus,andsolvuslines.

2.Givenabinaryphasediagram,thecompositionofanalloy,itstemperature,andassumingthatthealloyisatequilibrium,determine:

（a）whatphase（s）is（are）present;

（b）thecomposition（s）ofthephase（s）.

3.Forsomegivenbinaryphasediagram,dothefollowing:

（a）locatethetemperaturesandcompositionsofalleutectic,eutectoid,peritectic,andcongruentphasetransformations;and

（b）writereactionforallthesetransformationsforeitherheatingorcooling.

4.Giventhecompositionofaniron-carbonalloycontainingbetween0.022wt%Cand2.14wt%C,beableto

（a）specifywhetherthealloyishypoeutectoidorhypereutectoid;

（b）nametheproeutectoidphase;and

（c）makeaschematicdiagramofthemicrostructureatatemperaturejustbelowtheeutectoid.

Chapter8Phasetransformation

1．Makesureyouunderstandlanguageandconcepts:

•Annealing退火

•Austenitizing奥氏体化

•Bainite贝氏体

•Coarsepearlite粗珠光体

•Finepearlite细珠光体

•Fullannealing完全退火

•Isothermaltransformationdiagram等温转变图

•Martensite马氏体

•Normalizing正火

•Nucleation形核率

•Phasetransformation相变

•Precipitationhardening沉淀强化（agehardening时效强化）

•Precipitationheattreatment沉淀热处理

•Solutionheattreatment固溶处理

•Spheroidite球状珠光体

•Spheroidizing球化

•Supercooling过冷

•Superheating过热

•Temperedmartensite回火马氏体

•Thermallyactivatedtransformation热激活转变

•Transformationrate转变速率

2．youshouldbeabletodothefollowing：

1.Brieflydescribethemicrostructureforeachofthefollowingmicroconstituentsthatarefoundinsteelalloys:

finepearlite,coarsepearlite,spheroidite,bainite,martensite,andtemperedmartensite.

2.Citethegeneralmechanicalcharacteristicsforeachofthefollowingmicroconstituents:

finepearlite,coarsepearlite,spheroidite,bainite,martensite,andtemperedmartensite.Now,intermsofmicrostructure（orcrystalstructure）,brieflyexplainthesebehaviors.

3.Giventheisothermaltransformation（orcontinuouscoolingtransformation）diagramforsomeiron-carbonalloy,designaheattreatmentthatwillproducea