船长大副面试.docx

船长大副面试.docx

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船长大副面试

 船长是船上最重要的职位，也是各方面要求最高的职位。

船东在面试船员时对船长的考核最认真，最浪费时间，也是最复杂的。

作为一名合格的船长，不但要求有丰富的海上工作经历、娴熟的船舶驾驶经验技术，更要有很好的商务操作能力、领导管理能力、极佳的个人人品、强大的人格魅力和感召力。

还要勤于动脑、身体力行，在所有船员面前树立典范。

船东在进行面试时，往往提问船长的问题最多，也最复杂，考察的时间也最长。

提问船长的问题涉及到国际安全管理规则、安全管理体系、船长资历、船舶管理、各种具体商务和技术问题等等。

 下面收集了一部分面试试题，供广大面试船长参考。

其中的部分问题，不但船长必备，其他干部船员，尤其是大副也必须看，轮机长也应该参考一下。

    1.Canyoutellmeaboutyoureducationbackground?

 PleaserefertoanMaster’sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.  实事求是，最好告诉人家在某个学校学了多长时间，最好也要告诉人家你接受某些社会培训的情况，谦虚好学毕竟是一个美德嘛。

    2.Whatisaclassificationsociety?

Whatisthepurposeofclassificationsurvey?

Pleaselistsomefamousclassificationsocietiesintheworld. Aclassificationsocietyisusuallyanindependentorganizationthatcarriesoutclassificationsurveys,statutorysurveys,surveysrelatedtonotarialmattersforships,offshoreinstallations,marinefreightcontainers,materialsandmarineequipment.Italsoprovidessafetymanagementcertificationservicestoshippingcompaniesandtheirships.Thepurposeofclassificationsurveyistoevaluatethesituationofashipandthemanagementofacompanyanditsship. Someofthefamousclassificationsocietiesare:

NK（Japanese 日本海事协会）,CCS（Chineseclassificationsociety）,ABS（American）,DNV（Norwegian）,SL（BritishLloyd英国劳氏）,GL（GermanLloyd 德国劳氏）,KR（Korean）,RINA（意大利船级社）。

    3.Canyoutalkaboutthepreviousvesselsworkedonboard?

 Pleaserefertoanmaster’sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook. 实事求是，若没有做过，千万不要伪造。

并且服务簿、书面简历以及你口头介绍的资历的内容一定要一致，特别是时间、船型、航区、吨位、船员情况、外派公司、船东及租船公司情况，因为你是船长，应该对自己管理的船有非常深的印象。

    4.Whattypeofcargowascarriedonboardyourlastvessel?

  曾经在什么船上工作过，运过什么货物也是船东非常关心的问题，因为船东在考虑把他的一条船交给你时，对你是运过某种他们的船舶载的货物非常关键。

因为你只有运过某种货物，才对这种货物的特性、装卸时需要注意的事项、运输中需要注意的事项有所了解和经验。

其实，你如果运过某些货物，你也应该说出来。

  下面提供几种货物的名称，供参考：

 Bulkcargo:

cement,cementclicker,nickel,ore,iron,sand,phosphorusrock,potashinbulk,salt,grain,petcoke,coaletc. Generalcargo:

vehicle,loader,wagon,heavylifts,over-lengthcargo,mineequipment,steelconstructionmaterial. Other:

log,plywood,container,andsoon.

    5.Wherewasyourlastvessel’stradingarea?

Whichportshaveyoucalled?

 IhaverichexperienceincallingtheportsintheUS,somedevelopingcountriesandinthepassagethroughtheSuezCanal,PanamaCanal,andDenverStrait,andDenmarkStrait. Someusefulexpressionsfortradingareas:

 全球航线ocean-going,worldwidely,globally,worldwide; 固定航线 fixedroute. 

    6.CanyoutellmethedifferencesbetweentheChinesestateownedshippingcompaniesandforeignshippingcompanies?

 Basically,inmyopinion,therearenotbigdifferencesatall.Itseemstomethatforeignownersaremoreconcernedaboutthemaster’soverridingauthorityonboardwhiletheChineseshippingcompaniestendtoasktheirlocalagentstodomoreforthevessel.AnothermajordifferencebetweenthemisthattheSafetyManagementSystemoftheChinesecompaniesisinChineseandtheworkinglanguageonboardisChinese.What’smore,mostoftheChineseownersusetheCCSforclassificationwhileforeignownersmayusedifferentclassificationsocieties.  各个国家的船公司都有自己的特点和特色。

至于您如何回答这个问题并不重要，关键是不要妄自菲薄；试想一下，如果中国的船东一无是处的话，我们中国船员的素质又会如何。

    7.Incaseofcargodamage,forexample,beforethevesselarrivesatthedischargingport,youfindthequalityofthesurfacecargohaschanged,howwouldyouhandleit?

 Ihavetolookintothereasonandvolumeofthedamagefirst,andthenI’llcontacttheownerofinstruction.Intheeventofsmallquantityofgrain,Ishalljustthrowitintotheseatoavoiddisputes.OrIwillfollowtheowner’sinstructiontocontactit’stheP&Icorrespondentorlocalagentfortheiradvice. Ifnecessary,I’llprepareaSeaProtesttoclaimthattheshipownerandthecrewhaveexercisedtheirduediligence.  关于货损方面的处理程序，各个公司都有相关的操作和程序文件，上面只是一般的处理原则。

    8.HowdoyouunderstandtheMaster’soverridingauthorityunderemergencysituations?

 Ifthesituationandtimepermit,theMastershouldalwaysreporttothecompanyfirstbeforetakenactions.However,whentheshipisinimmediatedanger,theMastershallexercisehisoverridingauthorityandtakewhateveractionsnecessaryindealingwithanemergencysituationinordertoprotectthesafetyoftheseafarers,thecargo,thevessel,theportandtheenvironmentwithoutconsideringtoomuchthedemandsoftheshipownerandthecharterer.Nevertheless,theMastershouldreporttothecompanyindetailwhathashappenedaftertheevent.

    9.CanyoutellmeaboutyourexperienceasaCaptain?

 Hints:

YourexperiencemayincludesuchthingsasthedurationyouhaveworkedasaCaptain,theplacesorportsyouhaveeverbeento,thetypesofvesselsyouhaveeverserved,thetypesofcargoyouhaveeverexperienced,thetypesofcargoyouhaveeverexperienced,themanagementstylesonthevessels,andsoon. Pleasealsorefertochapteroneformoredetailedanswers.

    10.WhatistheMaster’sStandingOrder?

 ItisbasicallytheMaster’sownsetofinstructionsandordersforthevessel’soperation.Thecontentsmayincludethewatch-keepingdutiesfortheofficers,whentoaskfororderfromthemaster,theportentryprocedure,andhowtodealwithemergencysituationslikeoilpollution,firedisaster,collision,grounding,aswellaswhentocallthemastertothebridge,andsoon.Forspecialvessels（tanker,LPGorcarcarriers,etc.）thestandingordersmayhavesomemorecontents. TheStandingOrderisnormallyfoundonthefirstpagesofDeckLogBookandintheBridgeOrderBook.Besides,somewarningsshallbeprominentlypostedonthebridgeandreadandsignedbyalldutyofficers.

    11.HowdoyouunderstandtheimportanceofkeepinggoodandharmoniousrelationshipwiththeChiefEngineerandotherOfficersandEngineers?

 WithoutharmoniousrelationshipwiththeChiefEngineerandtheotherofficersandengineers,theMastercannotmanagetheshipwell.ButhowcantheMasterachieveit?

Firstofall,theMastermusthaveclosecontactwiththedepartmentheadsbecausethedailymanagementisdelegatedtothemalthoughtheMasterhimselfisresponsiblefortheoverallsafetyandpersonnelmanagement.Secondly,theMasterhimselfmustknowhisjobwellandknowwhentodowhatandhow.Thirdly,theMastershouldbeverystrictinhimselfindisciplineandbehavior.Fourthly,heshouldbefairinjobassignment,paydistributionandotherdailymanagement.ButifsomeoneonboardbreakstheMaster’sorderortherulesonpurpose,theMaster’sorderortherulesonpurpose,theMasterwillhavetopenalizetheoffenderandcanconsiderfiringhimaccordingtotheprocedureoftheshipowner.  这是一个考验船长管理能力的问题，可能不同船长有不同的管理经验和办法，但是船东希望船长在这方面有较好的办法。

有些船长在回答这类问题时，会不假思索地说：

“Iwilldismissthosewhodonotlistentome”。

我们这样的和船长未免太霸道了。

上述答案只是笔者个人见解，公供参考。

    12.Didyouhavetheexperienceofworkingwithforeigncrews?

 Yes,IhaveworkedonfourshipsofmixedcrewfromChina,ChinaTaiwan,Philippine,Vietnam,Russia,SouthKorea,Japan,BurmaandUkraine.  实事求是。

但是，外派资历是外国船东很看中的事，如果你有很好的外派资历，可千万不要错过让船东知道的机会。

   13. HowdoyoudifferentiatetheChinesecrewsandthePhilippinecrews?

OrhowdoyoulikethePhilippine（Korean,Vietnamese,Indian,Burmese,Ukrainian,Russian,Britishetc.）seamen?

 IhadtheexperienceofworkingwiththeFilipinocrew.TheFilipinosaremostlyveryprofessionalandobedient.Sometimestheyarealsodemandingintermsofwages.Asawhole,theyareveryniceseafarers. 在回答这类问题时，切忌把其他国家的海员说得一无是处，如果你认为人家什么都不是的话，那么很难想象你在未来的工作中能和人家配合发。

何况，不论哪个国家、哪个文化的人都有好人和坏人。

要尽量说出人家的长处。

船员队伍本来就很国际化，在一个类似“联合国”的工作团队里，能和不同国籍的、不同文化的、不同性格的人相处，显得十分重要。

   14. Canyoutellmeaboutthecompaniesyouhaveworkedfor?

Whatarethedifferencesamongthesecompanies?

 ThecompanyIhaveworkedforthepasttenyearsisastate-ownedcompany.Itisagoodcompany.Butthemanagementofthecompanyis,insomeways,differentfromforeignshipownerscompanies.  实事求是。

同样，也不希望你过多地贬低你曾经工作过的公司，因为既然你憎恨所有原来的公司，你也可能会憎恨你即将服务的新公司。

而事情往往是，在船东认为，公司和船东发生冲突时，并不见得你公司的问题，也许是你本人就不适合在原来的公司工作。

   15. Howisapassage/voyageplanmadeonboardships?

Whatmaterialsdoyouneedtorefertowhenyoumakesuchplans?

 Usually,apassageplanshouldbemadebeforeanewvoyagestarts.TheMastershouldgivetheSecondOfficerthesailinginstructionsandhisintentionsonthesailingroutesandbeforetheSecondOfficerpreparesthedraftplan.ThentheMasterissupposedtocheckitverycarefully.Ifsomethingwrongisfoundinthepassageplan,theMastershouldasktheSecondOfficertocorrectitimmediately.Ifnothingiswrongaboutthedraft,theplanshallberatifiedandimplemented. WhentheSecondOfficerismakingthedraftplan,theMastershouldhelpprovidesomeimportantinformationsourcesfortheSecondOfficer,suchastheportentryguidance,thesailingdirections,listsoflights,tidalstreamtables,deepdraughtvesselplanningguide,theIMOshiprouteguidance,governmentandportauthority’sregulations,pilotcharts,noticetomariner,weatherinformation,andthevoyageplanandsoon. TheMastershouldensurethattheplancovers“berthtoberth”areainthepassage. AndtheMastershouldhelptheSecondOfficertoselectthebestsailingroutethatwillsavefuelandtime,andavoidbadweatherconditions. 

    16. CanyoudescribethepreparationproceduresbeforeenteringtheUSports?

 First,Imustcheckallthecertificatesforthevesselandtheseamentomakesureallthenecessarycertificatesareavailabletodealwiththecustomsclearances,thesanitarychecksandotherportchecks.Inaddition,Imustpreparesuchpublicationsascurrentlycorrectednavigationalcharts,UScostalpilotguide,lightlistbook,lightlistbook,tidetables,USinlandrulesofnavigation,andrecentnoticetomariners. Forty-eighthourspriortoentrytoaUSport,Ishallconductthefollowingemergencysteeringdrillsandlogthemintotherecordbooks:

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