英语英语阅读理解教育文化练习题及答案.docx

英语英语阅读理解教育文化练习题及答案.docx

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英语英语阅读理解教育文化练习题及答案

（英语）英语阅读理解（教育文化）练习题及答案

一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类

1．阅读理解

   Theterm"crocodiletears"referstoinsinceresadness.Thistermhasanetymologydatingbackseveralcenturies.Asearlyasthefourthcentury,crocodiletearsarereferencedintheliteraturewiththemeaningofinsinceresorrow.Itissaidthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirhuntedanimalsbecausetheyaresad;however,thissadnessisnothonest.

   Thetermcrocodiletearsbecamewidelypopularafteritwasdocumentedinafifteenth-centurybooktitledTheVoyageandTravelofSirJohnMandeville,Knight.Apassagefromthebookreads:

"Thesecrocodileskillmenandtheyeatthemweeping."

   Asyoumayalreadyknow,crocodilians（鳄目动物）likelyfeelbadaboutlittle—especiallyfeeding.However,theassumptionofthecrocodile-tearsmetaphormaybetrue.Ina2007paperpublishedinBioSciencetitled"CrocodileTears:

Andtheyeatthemweeping",researchersobserved7crocodiliansincagesduringfeedingtimeatareserve（4caimansand3Americanalligators）.Theresearchersobservedthecrocodiliansoutsideofwateratfeedingstationstobetterfindoutwhethertearingdeveloped.

   Fiveofthe7crocodiliansdevelopedsomethingliketearsintheireyesbefore,duringorafterfeeding.Theresearcherssuggestthatthesecrocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhisses（发出嘶嘶声）whileiteats,andthishissingforcesairthroughthespacesinthebonebehindthenoseandouttheeye,intheprocesspickingupnasolacrimalsecretions（鼻泪管分泌物.）

   Inhumans,crocodiletearsisamedicalconditionthatcausesapersontotearupwhileeating.Crocodiletearstypicallyoccurbecauseofatemporarylossoffacialcontrolduetodamageofthefacialnerve.Specifically,whenthefacialnervegrowsagain,itdoessoincorrectlythusresultingintearsduringchewingfood.

（1）Theunderlinedword"etymology"inParagraph1refersto________.

A.areferencebookcontainingarticlesonvarioustopics

B.theoriginandhistoryofaparticularterm

C.aprintedsheetofpaperthatarcgivenfreetoadvertise

D.theapplicationandinfluenceofanewtheory

（2）Theterm"crocodiletears"________.

A.isamedicalconditionthatcausesacrocodiletotearup

B.becamewidelypopularasearlyasthefourthcentury

C.referstopretendedsadness

D.provedtobeonlyanassumption

（3）Fromthe2007paperpublishedinBioScience,wecanknowthat________.

A.crocodiliansespeciallyfeelbadaboutfeeding

B.notallthe7crocodiliansdevelopedtearing

C.thecrocodilianswerecarefullyobservedinsidewater

D.crocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhissesafteriteats

（4）Thepassageismainlyabout________.

A.whattherealtruthisaboutcrocodiletears

B.whentheterm"crocodiletears"gotpopularinliterature

C.howresearchersmadetheexperimentoncrocodilians

D.whycrocodiletearstypicallyoccurinhumans

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过引用“鳄鱼的眼泪”这一说法的来源、发展以及相关实验来告诉读者“crocodiletears”的真实含义。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的“datingbackseveralcenturies”追溯到几个世纪前；以及“Asearlyasthefourthcentury,crocodiletearsarereferencedintheliteraturewiththemeaningofinsinceresorrow.”早在公元4世纪，鳄鱼的眼泪在文学作品中的意思是假慈悲，可推知，etymology和一个词条的来源和发展相关。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Itissaidthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirhuntedanimalsbecausetheyaresad;however,thissadnessisnothonest.”是指假伤心，假慈悲。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Fiveofthe7crocodiliansdevelopedsomethingliketearsintheireyesbefore,duringorafterfeeding.”7只鳄鱼中，有5只在吃食之前，之中和之后流下了眼泪，可知，并非所有的鳄鱼在吃食时都会流泪。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据倒数第二段中的“Theresearcherssuggestthatthesecrocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhisses（发出嘶嘶声）whileitcats,andthishissingforcesairthroughthespacesinthebonebehindthenoseandouttheeye,intheprocesspickingupnasolacrimalsecretions”研究人员发现这些鳄鱼的眼泪是因为它们在进食时发出的嘶嘶声，这种声音迫使空气通过鼻子背后的空间从眼睛出来，在这个过程中带出了鼻内管分泌物，可知，作者通过对“crocodiletears”这一词条的来源、发展以及相关实验来告诉读者有关“crocodiletears”的真实含义。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   TheUSDepartmentofLabourstatistics（统计）showthatthereisanoversupplyofcollege-trainedworkersandthatthisoversupplyisincreasing.Alreadytherehavebeenmorethanenoughteachers,engineers,physicists,aerospaceexperts,andotherspecialists.Yetcollegesandgraduateschoolscontinueeveryyeartoturnouthighlytrainedpeopletocompeteforjobsthataren'tthere.Theresultisthatgraduatescannotentertheprofessionsforwhichtheyweretrainedandmusttaketemporaryjobswhichdonotrequireacollegedegree.

   Ontheotherhand,thereisagreatneedforskilledworkersofallsorts:

carpenters,electricians,mechanics,plumbers,andTVrepairmen.

   Thesepeoplehavemoreworkthantheycandealwith,andtheirannualincomesareoftenhigherthanthoseofcollegegraduates.Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavourstheskilledworkmen.

   Thereasonforthissituationisthetraditionalmyththatcollegedegreeisapassporttoaprosperousfuture.AlargepartofAmericansocietymatchessuccessinlifeequallywithacollegedegree.Parentsbeginindoctrinating（灌输）theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Underthispressurethekidsfallintoline.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.Andeveryyearcollegeenrollments（入学）goupandup,andmoreandmoregraduatesareovereducatedforthekindsofjobsavailabletothem.

   Oneresultofthisemphasisonacollegeeducationisthatmanypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere.Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.

（1）It'simpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat        .

A. manyothercountriesarefacingthesameproblem

B. white-collarworkersintheUSusedtomakemoremoneythanblue-collarworkers

C. fewerstudentswillprefertogotocollegeinthefuture

D. thelawofsupplyanddemandhasastrongeffectonAmericanhighereducation

（2）WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhycollegeenrollmentsgoupeveryyear?

A. Manypeoplebelievethattheonlywaytosuccessisacollegeeducation.

B. Manyparentswanttheirchildrentogotocollege.

C. Highschoolteachersurgetheirstudentstogotocollege.

D. Everyyoungmanandwomanwantstogotocollege.

（3）Bysaying"manypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere",theauthormeansthat        .

A.manypeoplewhoarenotfitforcollegeeducationgotocollege

B.manypeoplewhodonothaveenoughmoneygotocollege

C.manypeoplewhogotocollegedropoutwithinthefirstyear

D.manypeoplewhogotocollegehavetheirhopesdestroyed

（4）Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthat        .

A.everyyoungmanandwomanshouldgotocollege

B.collegeeducationisabadthing

C.peoplewithacollegeeducationshouldreceivehigherpay

D.fewerpeopleshouldgotocollegewhilemoreshouldbetrainedforskilledjobs

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，通过调查告诉人们要改变传统的观念:

应首先考虑选择技术性的工作——因为它缺乏人才,待遇更高。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavourstheskilledworkmen.”可推知白领工人以前比蓝领工人赚的钱多,故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Parentsbeginindoctrinating（灌输）theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.”可知A,B,C三项正确,而D项不是大学入学人数增加的原因,故选D。

（3）考查句义猜测。

根据最后一段中的“Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.”可知作者列举了三种情况,说明有些人不适合大学教育,故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知,作者通过调查告诉人们大学教育的人才过多,而技术工人又非常缺乏,因而待遇反而更高;接着又分析了造成这种状况的原因;最后还谈到了很多学生上了大学却因种种原因无法完成学业。

所有这些都在暗示人们,上大学的人应该减少,而参加技术工作的人应该增多，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和句义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Limitingkids'recreational（消遣的）screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition（认知）,accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.

   Thestudyincludedabout4,500USchildrenaged8to11andmeasuredtheirhabitsagainsttheCanadian24-HourMovementGuidelinesforChildrenandYouth.Itfoundthat51%ofthechildrengottherecommended（建议）ninetoelevenhoursofuninterruptedsleeppernight,37%mettherecreationalscreentimelimitoftwohoursorlessperday,while18%metthephysicalactivityrecommendationofatleast60minutesofaccumulatedphysicalactivityaday.Only5%ofthechildreninthestudymetallthreerecommendations;30%metnoneatall.

   Theresearchersfoundthataseachrecommendationwasmetbyaparticipant,therewasapositiveassociationwithglobalcognition,whichincludesmemory,attention,processingspeedandlanguage.Thosewhometallthreehadthemost"superior"globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.

   Otherorganizations,suchastheAmericanAcademyof