专八改错模拟题.docx
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专八改错模拟题
模拟1
Youstareatawaterfallforaminuteortwo,thenshiftyourgazetoitssurrounding.Whatyounowseeappearstodriftupward.You__1
areboardatraininabusystationwhensuddenlyanothertrainnext__2
toyourstartsmovingforward.__3
Forafractionofasecondyoufeelthatyourtrainhaslurched backward.Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’s sensorsandinterpretwhatmustbehappening–thatyourtrain__4
mighthavemoved,nottheother;thatdownwardmotionisnow__5
normal,soachangefromitmustbeperceivedasupwardmotion.Thesensorsthatmakethismagicaretwokinds.__6
Eacheyecontainsabout120millionrods,whichprovidesomewhatblurryblackandwhitevision.Thesearethewindowsofnightvision;onceadaptedtothedark,theycandetectacandleburnt__7
tenmilesaway.Colorfulvisionineacheyecomesfromsixtoseven__8
millionstructurescalledcones.Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors,butonetypeofconeismostsensitivetored,anothertogreen,thethirdto__9
blue.Bymonitoringhowmanywavelengthoflightaffectsthedifferentcones,aconnectedganglioncellcandetermineits“color”andrelaythatdata.Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsingon__10
average20to25timespersecondalongtheopticnerve.
模拟2
Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themostdevelopedalegalsystembecomes,themore__1
societiestakesresponsibilityforthediscovery,control,andpunishment__2
ofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealingwith__3
anactofviolenceisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityforpersonalcarryingoutjudgmentandpunishment__4
uponthepersonwhodidtheoffense.__5
Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomespersonalizedanddiffused.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityfor__6
protectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswherehecannotbe__7
protected,thesocietyisresponsibleforcommittingpunishment.__8
Inastatecontrollinglegalsystem,individualsareremoved__9
fromthecircleofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthe__10
stateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.
模拟3
Therearethreemaingroupsofoils:
animal,vegetableandmineral.Greatnumbersofanimaloilcomefromwhales,thoseenormous__1
creaturesoftheseawhicharethelargestremaininganimalsintheworld.ToprotectthewhalefromthecoldoftheArcticseas,naturehasprovideditwithathickcoveroffatcalledblubber.Whenthe__2
whaleiskilled,theblubberisstrippedoffandboileddown,eitherboardtheshiporonshore.Itproducesagreatquantityofoilwhich__3
canbemadeintofoodforhumanconsumption.Afewothercreaturesyieldoil,andnonesomuchasthewhale.Theliversofthecodand__4
thehalibut,twokindsoffish,yieldnourishingoil.Bothcodliveroilandhalibutliveroilaregiventosickchildrenandotherinvalidswhoneedcertainvitamins.Theseoilsmaybeboughtatanychemist.Vegetableoilhasbeenknownfromantiquity.__5
Nohouseholdcannotgetonwithoutit,foritisusedincooking.To__6
theordinaryman,onekindofoilmaybeasimportantasanother.Butwhenthepoliticianortheengineerreferstooil,onealmostalways__7
meansmineraloil,theoilthatdrivestanks,aeroplanesandwarships,motor-carsanddiesellocomotives;theoilthatisusedtolubricateallkindsofmachineries.Thisistheoilthathaschangedthelife__8
ofthecommonmen.Toitweowetheexistenceofthemotor-car,__9
whichhasreplacedtheprivatehorse-drawingcarriage.__10
模拟4
Dinosaurs,saber-toothtigersandthedodobirdarefamousexamples__1
ofanimalsthathavebecomeextinct.Incaseofthedinosaurs,it__2
seemslikelythatacatastrophiceventalterstheglobalclimate__3
enoughtoleadtotheirdisappearance.Morerecentextinctionsandnear-extinctions-suchasthebluewhales,tiger,panda,and__4
NorthAmericanbison—havebeenthedirectresultofhumanactivity.Bytheearly1990s,specieswerebecomingextinctatarateofthreeperhour,or27,000everyday–afigurequotedbytheAmericanbiologistEdwardofHarvardUniversity,basedonhismostconservativeestimates.Thisrateofextinctionscarrieswithitsometerribleconsequences.Eachplantthatbecomesextinct,forexample,maytakewithitasmuchas30insectsandanimals__5
thatdependonitforfood.Habitatlossisoneofthemostimportantcausesofextinction.Forrisingpopulationsinmanycountries__6
leadtotheclearingofmoreland,habitatssuchasrainingforest__7
andgrasslandsdisappear.IntheEastAfrica,oncerenownedforitswildlife,fewwildanimals__8
remainlivingoutsidetheboundariesofnationalparksandgame__9
reserves.Inotherpartsoftheworld,coastalecosystemsareclearing__10
fordevelopment.Wetlandareasaredryingoutasaresultofwaterextractiontosupportfarmingandtourism.Birdspeciesareamong theworstaffectedbythelossofwetlands.
模拟5
Now,itisclearthatthedeclineofalanguagemustultimatelyhavepoliticalandeconomicalcauses:
itisnotduesimplytothebad__1
influenceofthisorthatindividualwriters.Butaneffectcanbecome__2
acause,reinforcetheoriginalcauseandproducingthesameeffect__3
inanintensifiedform,andsoonindefinitely.Amanmaytakedrink__4
becausehefeelshimselftobeafailure,andthenfailallthemost__5
completelybecausehedrinks.ItisratherthesamethingthatishappeningtotheEnglishlanguage.Itbecomesuglyandinaccuratebecauseourthoughtsarefoolish,buttheslovenofourlanguage__6
makesiteasierforustohavefoolishthoughts.Thepointisthattheprocessisirreversible.ModernEnglish,especiallywrittenEnglish,__7
isfullofbadhabitswhichspreadbyimitationandwhichcanbeavoidedifoneiswillingtotakethenecessarytrouble.Ifonegetsridofthesehabitsonecanthinkmoreclearly,andthinkclearlyisa__8
necessaryfirststeptowardspoliticalregeneration:
sothatthefightagainstbadEnglishisnotfrivolousandisnottheexclusiveconcerning__9
ofprofessionalwriters.Iwillcomebacktothispresent,andIhope__10
thatbythattimethemeaningofwhatIhavesaidherewillhavebecomeclearer.
模拟6
Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightedpeople__1
thaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelatesanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.__2
Thesediseases,therefore,mayhaveasmuchtodowithour__3
wayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessiveweight.And__4
theassociateriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemore__5
aboutadietaryproblem—toomuchfatandalackoffiberthana__6
weightrealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,but thatweneitherexerciseenoughoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessary__7
forstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanyshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiononweight.__8
Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardyifthosewho__9
get(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurelyvainglory.__10
模拟7
Tobecalledbeautifulisthoughttonamesomethingessentialtowomen’scharacterandconcerns.(Incontrastbymenwhose__1
essenceistobestrong,oreffective,orcompetent.)Itdoesnotneedsomeoneinthethroesoffeministawarenesstoperceivethat__2
thewaywomenaretaughttobeinvolvedinbeautyencourages__3
narcissism,reinforcesindependenceandimmaturity.Everybodyknows__4
that.Foritis“everybody”,awholesociety,whichhasidentified__5
beingfemininewithcaringabouthowonelooks.Givingthese__6
stereotypes,itisnowonderthatbeautyenjoys,atbest,arathermixedreputation.
Itisnot,ofcourse,thedesiretobebeautifuliswrongbutthe__7
obligationtobe.Womenaretaughttoseetheirbodiesinparts,andtoassesseachpartseparately.Breasts,feet,hips,waistline,neck,__8
eyes,nose,complexion,hair,andsoon–eachbyturnissubmitted__9
toananxiousscrutiny.Evenifsomepassthescrutiny,somewillalwaysbefoundwanted.Nothinglessthanperfectionwilldo.__10
模拟8
Thegreatwhalesareamongthemostfascinatingcreatureswhich__1
haveeverlivedontheearth,andoneofthem,thebluewhale,isthelargest.Peopleinancienttimesthoughtwhalesasfearsome__2
monstersoftheoceandepths.Sotohuntawhale,whenoneoccasionallyswamtowardshore,hewashighadventure.People__3
foundtheadventurewasrewarding,too,fortheoilandmeatfromonewhalealonecouldheatandfeedavillageforawholeresemblehugefish.Theywerereferredbytheancientsas__4
“greatfish,”andanywhalebeachingalongthecoastsofEnglandwasdesignated“theKing’sfish”becauseitautomaticallybelongedtothesincethoseearlytimes,humanhavefeltwhalesasenseof__5
wondermixedwithanintensedesiretocapture,slaughter,andexploit.Nowtheslaughterhasreachedalarmingproportions.__6
EventhoughsomespeciesareprotectedbytheregulationsoftheInternationalWhalingCommissionandtheoreticallyallwhalehuntingisregulated,buttheearth'sstockofwhalesisstillbeing__7
depleted.Infact,somescientistsworrythat100yearssincenow__8
theremaybenowhalesleft.Ifthishappens,mankindwillbeblameforremovingfromtheearthforeveraremarkableand__9
awe-inspiringcreaturethatal