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懂你英语笔记L4U2doc
英语流利说
L4——U2——1/4listening
Earthformsandextinction
A
1.Theearthwasformedaboutfourpointsixbillion（46亿）yearsago.
2.Thefirstlifeappearedaboutabillion（10亿）yearslater.
3.Thefirstplant-likedidn’tappearuntilaroundtwobillion（20亿）
yearsago.
4.Untilaboutfivehundredeightymillion（五亿八千万）yearsagolife
formsweresmallandmicroscopic（极小的，微小的）.
5.Sincethattime,lifehasevolved（进化）intomanydifferenttypesor
species.
6.Howeverscientistsestimate（估计）thatmorethanninetyninepercent
（99%）ofthemarenowextinct（灭绝的）.
B
1.Therehavebeenseveralextinction（绝种）eventsinthehistoryofthe
earth.
2.Inanextinctioneventsmanylifeformsorspeciesoflifedieout.
3.Thecausesofmassextinctioneventsareunsolvedmysteries（未解之
谜）.
4.Theseeventsarenotpredictable（预告）andcanhappenatanytime.
5.Scientiststhinkthatsomeofthemwerestartedbyasteroidimpacts（影
响，碰击或者装机）orvolcaniceruptions（火山爆发）.
6.Eventslikethis,canchangetheglobalconditionsthatlifedepends
on.
1
英语流利说
C
1.Onemajorextinctioneventhappenedaboutsixty-sixmillion（6600
万）yearsago.
2.Thateventmayhavebeenstartedbyalargeasteroidthathitthe
earth.
3.Asaresult,thedinosaursandabouthalfofallspecies（物种，种
类，类型）ontheplanetdieout.
4.Whentheasteroidshittheearth,itstartedachainofevents.
5.Achainofeventsisaseriesofeventslinkedtogetherlikeachain.
D
1.Thisparticularchainofeventshappenedoveraperiodofmonthsand
years.
2.Whentheasteroidhittheearth,itcausedahugecloudofdustto
entertheatmosphere.
3.ThiscloudofdustblockedtheSunanddarkenedtheEarthformany
months.
4.Withoutenoughsunlight,plantsandplant-eatinganimalsquickly
died.
5.Withthedeathsofsomanyplantsandanimals,thefoodchain
collapsed.
6.Thisledtothedeathsofmanymorespecies.
E
1.Massextinctioneventshaveplayedanimportantpartintheevolution
（演变，发生，进化论）oflife.
2.Infact,someextinctioneventshavehelpedtoaccelerate（加快，加
速）evolution.
2
英语流利说
3.Forexample,somemammals（哺乳动物）livedthroughtheageofthe
dinosaurs,buttheycouldn’tcompete（竞争）.
4.Whenthedinosaurswereremoved,themammalswereabletocompetemore
successfully.
5.Oncetheycouldcompete,mammalsevolvedtoahigherstate.
6.Withoutextinctionevents,perhapswewouldn’tbeheretoday.
Existence（存在）
F
1.Scientistsestimate（估计，预测）thattherehavebeenatleastfive
massextinctions（五次大灭绝）inthelastfivehundredfortymillion
years.
2.Theyalsobelievethatwehaveenteredanewextinctionevents.
3.Speciesarebecomingextinctatamuchfasterratethanbefore.
4.Insteadofasteroidsorvolcaniceruptionsthecurrent（最近的）events
istheresultofhumanactivities.
5.Humanactivitiesforexamplehaveledtoglobalwarming.
G
1.globalwarmingistheresultofanincreaseincarbongases（含碳气
体）inouratmosphere.
2.Thesegasestrapheat（阻碍热量排放）fromthesun,sotheEarthis
gettingwarmer.
3.Asaresult,sealevelsarerisingandweatherpatterns（气候模式）are
changing.
4.Inaddition（另外）,wehumansaredestroyingthehabitats（动物的栖
息地）ofmanyplantsandanimals.
3
英语流利说
5.Cuttingdownforestsandpollutingriversdestroythehabitatsofmany
formsoflife.
H
1.Thereisnolongeranydoubtthatthisishappening.
2.Species（物种，类型）oflifearedisappearingatanincreasingrate.
3.Globaltemperaturesarerisingandweatherpatternsarechanging.
4.Scientistsarewarningusthatfastactionisnecessarytosaveour
future.
5.Ifwedon’tact,wemaygothewayofthedinosaurs.
练：
1.（读）thisnewextinctioneventiscausedbyhumans.
2.It’swhenanasteroidcollideswithsomething.
3.AnasteroidhittheEarthandstartedachainofevents.
4.Withtheriseintemperature.Thepolaricecapsaremelting.
L4——U2——1/4vocabulary
Bodyorgan2andhumanbeingevolution（进化）
A
1.Thebody’scirculatory（循环的）systemincludestheheartandblood
vessels（血管）.
2.Theheartpumpsbloodtoallpartsofthebodythroughanetwork（网
络，网状物）ofarteries（动脉）andveins（静脉）.
3.Thedigestsystem（消化系统）breaksdown（分解）andabsorbed（吸收）
foodintothebody.
4.Itsuppliestheenergythatthebodyneedsforgrowthandrepair.
4
英语流利说
5.Afterdigestion,excess（超重，超量）foodisturnedintowasteand
eliminated（排除，消除）fromthebody.
6.Thenervoussystemsincludethebrain,spinal（脊柱的）cord（脊髓）and
nerves.
7.Thisisyourbodiescontrolsystem.
8.Itcontrolsyourmuscles（肌肉）andorgans（器官）includingyour
circulatory（循环）anddigest（消化）system.
9.Therespiratory（呼吸的）systemincludesthenoseandlungs.
10.Itbringsairandoxygenintothebodyandremovescarbondioxide（二
氧化碳）.
11.Thelungsarewhereoxygenentersthebloodstream（血流，体内循环的
血液）and（二氧化碳）carbondioxide（二氧化物）isremoved.
12.Theimmune（免疫的）systemprotectsthebodyagainstinfections（传
染，感染，传染病）anddiseases.
13.Sneezing（打喷嚏）andfeverareexampleofhowtheimmunesystemworks.
14.Ifaninfectioninvades（侵入）thebodytheimmunesystemattacks（攻
击）it.
练：
1.Thebloodvessels（血管）thatcarryoxygen-richbloodfromtheheart
arecalledarteries（动脉）.
2.Thenervoussystemregulates（控制，管理，调节）yourheartbeatand
digestion.
3.Forsomediseases,theimmunesystemuseswhitebloodcellsand
antibodies（抗体）toattackit.
4.Thedigestsystemiswherefoodisbrokendownandabsorbedintothe
body.
5
英语流利说
B
1.Thecontrolleduseoffireallowedpeopletocookfoodandsurvive
incolderclimates.
2.Fireprovidedlightsothatpeoplecouldworkandsocializeforlonger
hours.
3.Withtheinventionofagriculture（农耕，农业）peoplecouldgrowfood
insettleintocommunities.
4.Bygrowingfood,peoplecanspendlesstimehunting（打猎）andmore
timeforotherthings,suchasart.
5.Thedomestic（家庭的，家的，国内的，驯养的）actionofanimalsallowed
peopletoraiseanduseanimalsforfoodandwork.
6.Byraisingherds（放牧）ofanimalssuchassheep,humanshadaregular
supplyofmeatandclothing.
7.Thestrengthofanimalssuchashorsesoroxenwasusedforworkand
transportation.
8.Thedevelopmentoftoolsandmachineshasresultedinmore
efficient（有效率的）manufacturing（制造业）andconstruction（建筑物，
建造业）.
9.Withbettertoolandmachines,workcanbedonewithfewerpeopleand
atmuchlowercost.
10.Thedevelopmentofsciencesandengineeringhasapproved（经核准的，
被认可的）manythings,includingcommunications.
11.Withunderstandingofelectricity,telephonesandradiosallowpeople
tocommunicateoverlongdistances.
练：
6
英语流利说
1.（听）theuseofmachineshasreducedthenumberofpeopleneededto
makethings.
2.（听）Scienceandengineeringhavechangedthewaywecommunicatewith
eachother.
3.（听）scienceandengineeringbreakthroughsarerapidlychangingthe
wayweliveourlives.
4.（听）withthedevelopmentofagriculture（农耕，农业）,peoplehadmore
timeforotheractivities.
5.（填）Theabilitytoraiseherdsofanimalssuchassheephumanshad
aregularsupplyofmeatandclothing.
6.Theabilitytoraiseherdsofanimalsgavehumansaregularsupply
ofmeatandclothing.
L4——U2——1/4dialogue
Aboutsmartphone
A
1.Itookavacationlastnight.
2.Whatareyoutalkingabout?
3.Wheredidyoutakeyourvacation?
4.Ididn’tgoanywhere.
5.Ijustspendaneveningwithoutmysmartphone.
6.Howwasit?
7.Itwasgreat!
Igotarealmagazineandreaditwithnointerruption.
8.Itwasverypeaceful.
9.Yes,Ihaven’tdonethatinalongtime.
7
英语流利说
B
1.Youknowwhat?
2.I’mbeginningtohatesmartphones.
3.Really,butyoucan’tlivewithoutone,right?
4.Yes,that’stheproblem.
5.Thesethingsarechangingthewaypeoplelive.
C
1.Yes,Ijustsawadocumentaryaboutthat.
2.Ahusbandwascomplainingtohiswifethatshewasspendingtoomuch
timeonhersmartphone.
3.Whathappened?
Didtheygetadivorce（离婚）?
4.Youguessedit.Intheend,theygotadivorce.
D
1.It’sbigIrunning,don’tyouthink?
2.Smartphonesweresupposedtobringpeopletogether,buttheyare
pullingpeopleapart.
3.Yes,youareright.
4.Hi,justaminute,Ihavegotamessageonmysmartphoneanditcan’t
wait.
E
1.Hey,wakeupandgetbacktowork.
2.What’swrongwithyou?
3.I’monmybreak,sir.AndIhaveabadheadache.
4.Well,we’renotpayingyoutosleep.
5.Ifyougoingtosleep,sleepsomeplaceselse.
6.Yea,sir.Sorry,itwon’thappenagain.
8
英语流利说
7.Ithadbetternot.
F
1.Justaminute.
2.Don’ttalktomelikethat.
3.Whatdidyousay?
4.Youhurtme,youdon’thaveatreatpeoplelikethat.
5.Well,ifyoudon’tlikeit.Isuggestyouleave.
6.Ok,Iwill.I’vehadenoughofyou.
7.I’llgetajobsomewhereelse.
练：
1.Ifsomeoneisinterrupted,theyhavetostopwhattheyaredoing.
2.Insteadofbringingpeopletogether,theyarepullingthemapart.
L4——U2——2/4listening
Seethingsfromdifferentpointofview
A
1.Thismanisholdingapieceoffruitinhishand.
2.Thepieceoffruitiseitheranorangeoranapple.
9
英语流利说
3.Wecan’tseewhichitisbecausewecan’tseeinsidethebox.
4.Theprobabilitythatitisanorangeisequaltotheprobabilitythat
itisanapple.
5.Itmaybeanappleanditmaybeanorange
6.It’sgottobeoneortheother.
7.Itcan’tbeanythingelse.
B
1.Now,let’slookatitfromtheman’spointofview.
2.Fromhispointofviewtheprobabilitiesisdifferent.
3.Fromhispointofview,theprobabilitythatisanorangeisone
hundredpercentorzeropercent.
4.That’sbecauseheknowswhathehas.
5.Forhim,thereisnouncertainty（不确定性）.
6.Ifhehasanorange,theprobabilityisonehundredpercent.
7.Ifhedoesn’t
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