人教版高一英语必修4课文原文.docx

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人教版高一英语必修4课文原文

必修4Unit1

ASTUDENTOFAFRICANWILDLIFE

Itis5:

45amandthesunisjustrisingoverGombeNational

ParkinEastAfrica.FollowingJane'swayofstudyingchimps,ourgroup

areall

going

tovisit

themintheforest.

Janehasstudied

these

families

ofchimpsfor

manyyearsandhelpedpeopleunderstandhowmuchtheybehave

likehumans.Watchingafamilyofchimpswakeupisourfirstactivity

oftheday.Thismeansgoingbacktotheplacewhereweleftthefamily

sleeping

inatree

the

nightbefore.Everybodysits

andwaitsin

theshade

ofthetreeswhilethefamilybeginstowakeupandmoveoff.Thenwe

followastheywanderintotheforest.Mostofthetime,chimpseither

feedorcleaneachotherasawayofshowingloveintheirfamily.Jane

warnsusthat

ourgroupisgoingtobevery

tired

anddirty

bytheafternoon

andsheisright.

However,theeveningmakesit

all

worthwhile.

Wewatch

themotherchimpandherbabiesplayinthetree.Thenweseethemgo

tosleeptogetherintheirnestforthenight.Werealizethatthebondbetweenmembersofachimpfamilyisasstrongasinahumanfamily.

NobodybeforeJanefullyunderstoodchimpbehaviour.Shespent

yearsobservingandrecordingtheirdailyactivities.Sinceherchildhood

shehadwantedtoworkwithanimalsintheirownenvironment.However,

thiswasnoteasy.WhenshefirstarrivedinGombein1960,itwasunusual

1

forawomantoliveintheforest.Onlyafterhermothercametohelp

herforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.Her

workchangedthewaypeoplethink

aboutchimps.Forexample,

oneimportant

thing

shediscovered

was

that

chimps

hunt

and

eatmeat.Until

then

everyonehadthought

chimpsateonlyfruit

andnuts.

Sheactually

observed

chimpsasagrouphuntingamonkeyandtheneating

it.

Shealsodiscovered

howchimpscommunicatewitheachother,andherstudyoftheirbody

languagehelpedherworkouttheirsocialsystem.

ForfortyyearsJaneGoodallhasbeenoutspokenaboutmaking

therestoftheworldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals.

Shehasarguedthatwildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotused

forentertainmentoradvertisements.Shehashelpedtosetupspecial

placeswheretheycanlivesafely.Sheisleadingabusylifebutshe

says:

"OnceIstop,itallcomescrowdinginandIrememberthechimps

in

laboratories.

It's

terrible.

Itaffects

mewhenI

watchthewild

chimps.

I

saytomyself,

'Aren'tthey

lucky"Andthen

Ithink

aboutsmall

chimps

incagesthoughtheyhavedonenothingwrong.Onceyouhaveseenthat

you

canneverforget..."

Shehasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo:

workingwith

animalsintheirownenvironment,gainingadoctor'sdegreeandshowing

that

womencanlive

in

theforest

asmencan.Sheinspires

those

whowant

tocheertheachievementsofwomen.

2

WHYNOTCARRYONHERGOODWORK

IenjoyedEnglish,biology,andchemistryatschool,butwhichone

shouldIchoosetostudyatuniversityIdidnotknowtheansweruntil

oneeveningwhenIsatdownatthecomputertodosomeresearchongreat

womenofChina.

BychanceIcameacrossanarticleaboutadoctorcalledLin

Qiaozhi,aspecialistinwomen'sdiseases.Shelivedfrom1901to1983.

Itseemedthatshehadbeenverybusyinherchosencareer,travelling

abroadtostudy

aswell

aswriting

booksandarticles.

Oneofthemcaught

myeye.Itwasasmallbookexplaininghowtocutthedeathratefrom

havingandcaringforbabies.Shegavesomesimplerulestofollowfor

keepingbabiesclean,healthyandfreefromsickness.Whydidshewrite

thatWhowerethewomenthatLinQiaozhithoughtneededthisadviceI

looked

carefully

at

the

text

andrealized

that

it

wasintended

forwomen

inthe

countryside.

Perhapsif

theyhadanemergencytheycould

notreach

adoctor.

Suddenlyithitmehowdifficultitwasforawomantoget

medicaltraining

at

that

time.

Thatwasageneration

whengirls'

education

wasalwaysplacedsecondtoboys'.Wasshesomuchclevererthananyone

elseFurther

reading

mademe

realize

that

it

washard

workand

determinationaswellashergentlenaturethatgotherintomedical

school.

Whatmadehersucceedlater

onwasthe

kindnessandconsideration

3

sheshowedtoallherpatients.TherewasstoryafterstoryofhowLinQiaozhi,tiredafteraday'swork,wentlateatnighttodeliverababyforapoorfamilywhocouldnotpayher.

BynowIcouldnotwaittofindoutmoreabouther.Idiscovered

thatLinQiaozhihaddevotedherwholelifetoherpatientsandhadchosen

nottohaveafamilyofherown.Insteadshemadesurethatabout50,000babiesweresafelydelivered.BythistimeIwasveryexcited.Whynot

studyatmedicalcollegelikeLinQiaozhiandcarryonhergoodworkItwasstillnottoolateformetoimprovemystudies,prepareforthe

universityentranceexaminations,and.

4Unit2

APIONEERFORALLPEOPLE

AlthoughheisoneofChina'smostfamousscientists,Yuan

Longpingconsidershimselfafarmer,forheworksthelandtodohis

research.Indeed,hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim,strongbody

arejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhehas

struggledforthepastfivedecades.DrYuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalled

superhybridrice.In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerin

theworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.Thisspecialstrainof

ricemakesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesame

fields.Nowmorethan60%ofthericeproducedinChinaeachyearisfrom

4

thishybridstrain.

Bornintoapoorfarmer'sfamilyin1930,DrYuangraduated

fromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953.Sincethen,findingways

togrowmorerice

hasbeenhis

life

goal.

Asayoungman,hesawthegreat

needfor

increasingthericeoutput.

Atthattime,

hungerwasadisturbing

probleminmanypartsofthecountryside.DrYuansearchedforawayto

increase

rice

harvests

without

expanding

theareaofthe

fields.

In1950,

Chinesefarmers

could

produceonly

fifty

million

tons

of

rice.

In

arecent

harvest,however,nearlytwohundredmilliontonsofricewasproduced.

Theseincreased

harvests

meanthat

22%oftheworld's

peoplearefedfrom

just7%ofthefarmland

in

China.DrYuanisnowcirculating

his

knowledge

inIndia,Vietnamandmanyotherlessdevelopedcountriestoincrease

theirriceharvests.Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsin

thebattletoridtheworldofhunger.Usinghishybridrice,farmers

areproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.

DrYuanisquitesatisfiedwithhislife.However,hedoesn't

careaboutbeingfamous.Hefeelsitgiveshimlessfreedomtodohis

research.Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbles.Heenjoys

listening

to

violin

music,

playingmah-jong,

swimmingand

reading.

Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansvery

littleto

him.Indeed,

hebelievesthata

person

with

toomuchmoneyhas

moreratherthanfewertroubles.Hethereforegivesmillionsofyuanto

5

equipothersfortheirresearchinagriculture.

Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.LongagoDr

yuanhadadreamaboutriceplantsastallassorghum.Eachearofrice

wasasbigasanearofcornandeachgrainofricewasashugeasapeanut.DrYuanawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofrice

thatcouldfeedmorepeople.Now,manyyearslater,DrYuanhasanotherdream:

toexporthisricesothatitcanbegrownaroundtheglobe.Onedreamisnotalwaysenough,especiallyforapersonwholovesandcaresforhispeople.

CHEMICALORORGANICFARMING

Overthepasthalfcentury,usingchemicalfertilizershasbecome

verycommoninfarming.Manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytostop

cropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Recently,however,scientistshave

beenfindingthatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamage

tothelandand,evenmoredangerous,topeople'shealth.

Whataresomeoftheproblemscausedbychemicalfertilizers

First,theydamagethelandbykillingthehelpfulbacteriaandpests

aswellastheharmfulones.Chemicalsalsostayinthegroundand

undergroundwaterforalongtime.Thisaffectscropsand,therefore,

animalsandhumans,sincechemicalsgetinsidethecropsandcannotjust

6

bewashedoff.Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople's

bodiesovertime.Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorother

illnesses.Inaddition,fruit,vegetablesandotherfoodgrownwith

chemical

fertilizers

usually

growtoo

fast

tobefull

of

muchnutrition.

Theymaylookbeautiful,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthan

vitaminsandminerals.

Withthesediscoveries,somefarmersandmanycustomersare

beginningtoturntoorganicfarming.Organicfarmingissimplyfarming

withoutusinganychemicals.Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichand

freeofdisease.Ahealthysoilreducesdiseaseandhelpscropsgrow

strong

and

healthy.

Organic

farmers,

therefore,

oftenprefer

using

naturalwastefromanimalsasfertilizer.Theyfeelthatthism