定语从句.docx
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定语从句
定语从句
在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句.
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.
引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whose,whom,which,that,as;
引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why;
关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语.
关系副词在定语从句中做状语.
.由who,引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语（口语中也可做宾语）,
修饰表示人的先行词.例如:
Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.
Doyouknowthecomradewhospokejustnow?
Theboywho//whomwesawyesterdayisJohn’sbrother.
二.whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词,
口语中可以省略.
Thedoctor（whom）youarelookingforisintheroom.
Theperson（whom）youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.
=ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.（介词后whom不能省略）
Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingforareveryhealthy.
（固定短语中的介词一般不省略,介词仍放在动词之后）
三.whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词.
DoyouknowthewomanwhosenameisMary.
Passmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.
四.that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语,修饰表示人或物的先行词,
作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.
Theletter（that//which）Ireceivedwasfrommyfather.
Ican’tfindtheletterthat//whichcamethismorning.
Doyoustillrememberthedays（that//which）wespenttogether?
Thisisthemanthat//whohelpedme.
Thehouse（that//which）weliveinisnotlarge.
=Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.
Thedoctor（that//whom//who）youarelookingforisintheroom.
五.which引导的定语从句,which在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词的宾语,
修饰表示物的先行词.先行词可以是词、短语、句子。
Thisisthebook（which/that）youwant.
Thebuildingwhich//thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.
Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.（介词后面的which不能省略）
Thehouse（which/that）weliveinisnotlarge.
Thisisthewatch（which/that）hewaslookingfor.
（在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前）
六、that和which都可以修饰表示物的先行词,但是下列情况只能用that.
1.先行词为不定冠词all,few,little,much,everything,nothing等.
All（that）youhavetodoistopractiseeveryday.
Thereisn’tmuch（that）Icando.
2.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.
Thefirstlesson（that）Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.
Thisisthebestfilm（that）Ihaveeverseen.
3.先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等不定代词修饰时.
Ihavereadallthebooks（that）yougaveme.
4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修饰时.
ThewhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike.
ThisistheverybookthatIwanttoread.
ThisisthesamebookthatIwanttoread.（同一本书）
----ThisisthesamebookasIwanttoread.
5.当主句以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that引导.
Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesn’tknowthis?
先行词既有人又有物时。
Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwecouldremember.
time做先行词，前面如果有序数词或last来修饰时，定语从句用that来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或last来修饰时，既可用when也可用that来引导。
Thisisthelasttime（that）Ishallgiveyoualesson.
Thefirsttime（that）Isawhimwasin1972.
It’stime（that）wegotup.
七、as引导的定语从句，
as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语、定语、表语、或状语，常与thesame…as;such…as,so…as,as…as连用。
Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.
Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.
Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.
Heisthesameageasyou（are）.
Hewillgiveyousuchinformationaswillhelpyou.
Suchstudentsasyouhavementionedshouldbecriticized.
=Studentssuchasyouhavementionedshouldbecriticized.
在thesame…后也可用that引导定语从句，但意义有所不同：
that引出的定语从句，指的是与先行词同一事物；而as引出的定语从句是与先行词相似的同类事物。
IwanttousethesametoolthatIusedyesterday.
IwanttousethesametoolasIusedyesterday.
八、由when引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，
做定语从句的时间状语。
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.
（介词＋which可以代替when）
I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.
[Irememberthedayswhich//thatwespenttogether.]
九、由where引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，
做定语从句的地点状语。
Thisistheplacewherewelivedforfiveyears.
Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.
Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.
（介词＋which可以代替where）
[Thisisaplacewhich//thatIwantedtovisit.]
十、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。
Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewasill.
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非限定性定语从句
1.who指人，做主语。
YesterdayImetLiPing,whoseemedtobeverybusy.
2.whom指人,作宾语.
Hehadmanyfriends,manyofwhomhadbeenintheuniversities.
3.whose指人,作定语.
TheChairman’sdaughter,whosenameisAnn,gaveTomasmile.
4.which指物,做主语,宾语.
Hisspeech,whichboredeveryone,wentonandon.
Thespeech,whichhehadwrittenonthepaper,seemedendless.
5.where指地点,作状语.
GalileolivedinthecityofPisa,wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh.
6.when指时间,作状语.
Themeetingwillbeputofftillnextmonth,whenwewillhavemadeallthepreparations.
7.as做主语,表语,宾语;先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子.
Toshutyoureyestofacts,asmanyofyoudo,isfoolish.
Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.
As引导的定语从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后.在很多情况下已经
构成固定搭配.
Aseverybodycanseeaswasusual
AscanbeseenasIexpected
Asisknowntoall，asmaybeimagined
asyouknowasisexpected
ashasbeensaidbeforeasisreported
asisoftensaidasisannounced
限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别：
限定性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。
这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。
非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。
这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。
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as和which引导的非限定性定语从句的比较：
1.非限定性定语从句位于句未，而且as和which在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时
可互换。
Heisafarmer,as/whichisclearfromhismanner.
Thiselephantislikeasnake,as/whichanybodycansee.
2.which引导的非限定性定语从句一般放在句未，而as引导的非限定性定语从句
可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。
放在句首时不能用which替换。
Crusoelosthisdog,whichmadehimverysad
TaiwanispartofChina,as/whichisknowntoall.
Aswehaveseen,oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth.
3.as引导非限定性定语从句时，意为“这一点、这件事”，常与see，hope，expect，know，guess等动词搭配；而which引导非限定性定语从句时与主句有一种因果关系，可译为“所以……”。
Cyprus,asyouallknow,isintheMediterranean.
Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.
4.as引导非限定性定语从句并在从句中作主语时，其后面的谓语动词大多数必须是连系动词。
如果从句谓语动词是行为动词，则必须用which。
Hemarriedher,aswasnatural.
Sherefusedtotakethemedicine,whichmadehermotherangry.
Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedherfromgoingtoShenyang.
Heisabsent,asisoftenthecase.Theend
Choosethebestanswers:
1.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_____personallyIdoubtverymuch.
A.itB.thatC.whenD.which
2._______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It
3.Thefenceinourgarden,______myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where
4.There’sstillmuch______canbeimprovedaboutit.
A.whichB.thatC.ifD.what
5.Whenlostinwork,____heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.A.whatBsoC.justlikeD.as
6.MrJohnson’sson,______livesinChicago,isadoctor.
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which
7.Wehadtodelaythepartytillnextweek,______weshouldhavesomethingimportanttodo.A.whenB.whichC.atwhichD.inthat
8.WetraveledtogetherasfarasChicago,______wesaidgoodbyetoeachother.
A.whichB.whenC.whyD.where
9.I’llneverforgettheyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers______hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who
10.HearrivedinNewYorkin1896,_______,sometimelater,hebecameawriter.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
11.Shemayhavemissedhertrain,in______caseshewon’tarriveforanotherhour.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.this
12.Hehasmadeawonderfuldiscovery,_______ofgreatimportancetoscience.
A.whichIthinkisB.whichdoIthinkis
C.IthinkwhichisD.whichIthinkitis
13.I’llrememberthetime_____wespenttogetherinthecountry.
A.thatB.whenC.duringwhichD.atwhich
14.Idon’tbelievethereason______hehasgivenforhisbeinglate.
A.whyB.thatC.howD.what
15.Thereweretwosmallroomsinthehouse,______servedasakitchen.
A.thesmallerofwhichB.thesmallofwhich
C.thesmallerofthemD.thesmallerone
16.HelivedinLondonfor3years,during_____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.
A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same
17.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuilding_______standsnearthepostoffice.A.xB.inwhichC.thatD.where
18.Alicehasalargecollectionofphotos,______wastakeninLondon.
A.noneofthemB.nooneofwhichC.allofwhichD.noneofwhich
19.Hissisterhadbecomeateacher,______waswhathewantedtobe.
A.whoB.whatC.thatD.which
20.Nextwinter_____you’llspendinHarbin,I’msure,willbeanotherexcitingholiday.
A.whichB.whenC.inwhichD.where
21.Withthefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople_____villageItaughtbeforehavelivedahappylife.A.whoB.whoseC.inwhoseD.inwhich
22.Theboss,_____restaurantIamserving,isakindheartedman.
A.inwhichB.inwhoseC.whereD.which
23.Ifellmostangryabouttheway______I’vebeentreated.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.how
24.HewasrudetotheCustomsofficer,_____ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.
A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which
25.Thereisamountain_____thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.
A.whoseB.ofwhichC.it’sD.that
26.Hehashadthesamelife______hisfatherlived.
A.whereB.asC.thatD.when
27.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what
28.RecentlyIboughtanancientChineseVase,_____wasveryreasonable.
A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
29.TheChicagoBullswasmadeupofthebestbasketballplayersintheStates,and____wereblackAmericans.
A.mostofthemB.mostofwhomC.mostofthatD.mostofwhich
30.“______breakthelawshouldbepunished,”thejudgeshouted.
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