定语从句.docx

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定语从句.docx

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定语从句.docx

定语从句

定语从句

在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句.

被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.

引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whose,whom,which,that,as;

引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why;

关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语.

关系副词在定语从句中做状语.

.由who,引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),

修饰表示人的先行词.例如:

Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.

Doyouknowthecomradewhospokejustnow?

Theboywho//whomwesawyesterdayisJohn’sbrother.

二.whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词,

口语中可以省略.

Thedoctor(whom)youarelookingforisintheroom.

Theperson(whom)youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.

=ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.(介词后whom不能省略)

Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingforareveryhealthy.

(固定短语中的介词一般不省略,介词仍放在动词之后)

三.whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词.

DoyouknowthewomanwhosenameisMary.

Passmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.

四.that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语,修饰表示人或物的先行词,

作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.

Theletter(that//which)Ireceivedwasfrommyfather.

Ican’tfindtheletterthat//whichcamethismorning.

Doyoustillrememberthedays(that//which)wespenttogether?

Thisisthemanthat//whohelpedme.

Thehouse(that//which)weliveinisnotlarge.

=Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.

Thedoctor(that//whom//who)youarelookingforisintheroom.

五.which引导的定语从句,which在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词的宾语,

修饰表示物的先行词.先行词可以是词、短语、句子。

Thisisthebook(which/that)youwant.

Thebuildingwhich//thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.

Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)

Thehouse(which/that)weliveinisnotlarge.

Thisisthewatch(which/that)hewaslookingfor.

(在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前)

六、that和which都可以修饰表示物的先行词,但是下列情况只能用that.

1.先行词为不定冠词all,few,little,much,everything,nothing等.

All(that)youhavetodoistopractiseeveryday.

Thereisn’tmuch(that)Icando.

2.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.

Thefirstlesson(that)Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.

Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.

3.先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等不定代词修饰时.

Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.

4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修饰时.

ThewhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike.

ThisistheverybookthatIwanttoread.

ThisisthesamebookthatIwanttoread.(同一本书)

----ThisisthesamebookasIwanttoread.

5.当主句以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that引导.

Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?

Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesn’tknowthis?

先行词既有人又有物时。

Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwecouldremember.

time做先行词,前面如果有序数词或last来修饰时,定语从句用that来引导或省略;如果没有序数词或last来修饰时,既可用when也可用that来引导。

Thisisthelasttime(that)Ishallgiveyoualesson.

Thefirsttime(that)Isawhimwasin1972.

It’stime(that)wegotup.

七、as引导的定语从句,

as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句,在从句中作主语、定语、表语、或状语,常与thesame…as;such…as,so…as,as…as连用。

Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.

Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.

Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.

Heisthesameageasyou(are).

Hewillgiveyousuchinformationaswillhelpyou.

Suchstudentsasyouhavementionedshouldbecriticized.

=Studentssuchasyouhavementionedshouldbecriticized.

在thesame…后也可用that引导定语从句,但意义有所不同:

that引出的定语从句,指的是与先行词同一事物;而as引出的定语从句是与先行词相似的同类事物。

IwanttousethesametoolthatIusedyesterday.

IwanttousethesametoolasIusedyesterday.

八、由when引导的定语从句,修饰表示时间的先行词,when为关系副词,

做定语从句的时间状语。

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.

(介词+which可以代替when)

I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.

[Irememberthedayswhich//thatwespenttogether.]

九、由where引导的定语从句,修饰表示地点的先行词,where为关系副词,

做定语从句的地点状语。

Thisistheplacewherewelivedforfiveyears.

Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.

Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.

(介词+which可以代替where)

[Thisisaplacewhich//thatIwantedtovisit.]

十、Why引导的定语从句,why做原因状语。

Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.

Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewasill.

=============================================================

非限定性定语从句

1.who指人,做主语。

YesterdayImetLiPing,whoseemedtobeverybusy.

2.whom指人,作宾语.

Hehadmanyfriends,manyofwhomhadbeenintheuniversities.

3.whose指人,作定语.

TheChairman’sdaughter,whosenameisAnn,gaveTomasmile.

4.which指物,做主语,宾语.

Hisspeech,whichboredeveryone,wentonandon.

Thespeech,whichhehadwrittenonthepaper,seemedendless.

5.where指地点,作状语.

GalileolivedinthecityofPisa,wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh.

6.when指时间,作状语.

Themeetingwillbeputofftillnextmonth,whenwewillhavemadeallthepreparations.

7.as做主语,表语,宾语;先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子.

Toshutyoureyestofacts,asmanyofyoudo,isfoolish.

Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.

As引导的定语从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后.在很多情况下已经

构成固定搭配.

Aseverybodycanseeaswasusual

AscanbeseenasIexpected

Asisknowntoall,asmaybeimagined

asyouknowasisexpected

ashasbeensaidbeforeasisreported

asisoftensaidasisannounced

限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别:

限定性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。

这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。

非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思依然清楚。

这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,一般不用that引导。

*******

as和which引导的非限定性定语从句的比较:

1.非限定性定语从句位于句未,而且as和which在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时

可互换。

Heisafarmer,as/whichisclearfromhismanner.

Thiselephantislikeasnake,as/whichanybodycansee.

2.which引导的非限定性定语从句一般放在句未,而as引导的非限定性定语从句

可放在句未,也可放在句中、句首。

放在句首时不能用which替换。

Crusoelosthisdog,whichmadehimverysad

TaiwanispartofChina,as/whichisknowntoall.

Aswehaveseen,oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth.

3.as引导非限定性定语从句时,意为“这一点、这件事”,常与see,hope,expect,know,guess等动词搭配;而which引导非限定性定语从句时与主句有一种因果关系,可译为“所以……”。

Cyprus,asyouallknow,isintheMediterranean.

Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.

4.as引导非限定性定语从句并在从句中作主语时,其后面的谓语动词大多数必须是连系动词。

如果从句谓语动词是行为动词,则必须用which。

Hemarriedher,aswasnatural.

Sherefusedtotakethemedicine,whichmadehermotherangry.

Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedherfromgoingtoShenyang.

Heisabsent,asisoftenthecase.Theend

Choosethebestanswers:

1.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_____personallyIdoubtverymuch.

A.itB.thatC.whenD.which

2._______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It

3.Thefenceinourgarden,______myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where

4.There’sstillmuch______canbeimprovedaboutit.

A.whichB.thatC.ifD.what

5.Whenlostinwork,____heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.A.whatBsoC.justlikeD.as

6.MrJohnson’sson,______livesinChicago,isadoctor.

A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which

7.Wehadtodelaythepartytillnextweek,______weshouldhavesomethingimportanttodo.A.whenB.whichC.atwhichD.inthat

8.WetraveledtogetherasfarasChicago,______wesaidgoodbyetoeachother.

A.whichB.whenC.whyD.where

9.I’llneverforgettheyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers______hasagreateffectonmylife.

A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who

10.HearrivedinNewYorkin1896,_______,sometimelater,hebecameawriter.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which

11.Shemayhavemissedhertrain,in______caseshewon’tarriveforanotherhour.

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.this

12.Hehasmadeawonderfuldiscovery,_______ofgreatimportancetoscience.

A.whichIthinkisB.whichdoIthinkis

C.IthinkwhichisD.whichIthinkitis

13.I’llrememberthetime_____wespenttogetherinthecountry.

A.thatB.whenC.duringwhichD.atwhich

14.Idon’tbelievethereason______hehasgivenforhisbeinglate.

A.whyB.thatC.howD.what

15.Thereweretwosmallroomsinthehouse,______servedasakitchen.

A.thesmallerofwhichB.thesmallofwhich

C.thesmallerofthemD.thesmallerone

16.HelivedinLondonfor3years,during_____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.

A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same

17.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuilding_______standsnearthepostoffice.A.xB.inwhichC.thatD.where

18.Alicehasalargecollectionofphotos,______wastakeninLondon.

A.noneofthemB.nooneofwhichC.allofwhichD.noneofwhich

19.Hissisterhadbecomeateacher,______waswhathewantedtobe.

A.whoB.whatC.thatD.which

20.Nextwinter_____you’llspendinHarbin,I’msure,willbeanotherexcitingholiday.

A.whichB.whenC.inwhichD.where

21.Withthefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople_____villageItaughtbeforehavelivedahappylife.A.whoB.whoseC.inwhoseD.inwhich

22.Theboss,_____restaurantIamserving,isakindheartedman.

A.inwhichB.inwhoseC.whereD.which

23.Ifellmostangryabouttheway______I’vebeentreated.

A.whenB.thatC.whereD.how

24.HewasrudetotheCustomsofficer,_____ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.

A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which

25.Thereisamountain_____thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.

A.whoseB.ofwhichC.it’sD.that

26.Hehashadthesamelife______hisfatherlived.

A.whereB.asC.thatD.when

27.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what

28.RecentlyIboughtanancientChineseVase,_____wasveryreasonable.

A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose

29.TheChicagoBullswasmadeupofthebestbasketballplayersintheStates,and____wereblackAmericans.

A.mostofthemB.mostofwhomC.mostofthatD.mostofwhich

30.“______breakthelawshouldbepunished,”thejudgeshouted.

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