英国文学期末复习资料整理.docx

英国文学期末复习资料整理.docx

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英国文学期末复习资料整理

大三·下英国文学期末复习资料张旭

一、名词解释{5题/10分}

1.apostrophe:

afigureofspeechinwhichthespeakeraddressesadeadorabsentperson,orananimal,objectorabstractidea.

2.dramaticmonologue:

akindofpoeminwhichasinglefictionalorhistoricalcharacterotherthanthepoetspeakstoasilentlistener,revealingunwittinglythingsabouthimselforherself.

3.satire:

akindofwritingthatexpressesthevicesandfolliesofindividuals,institutions,orsocietiestoridiculeandscorn.

4.ode:

arhymedlyricalpoemwhichexpressesnoblefeelingsoftenaddressedtoaperson,anobjectorcelebratinganevent.

5.terzarima:

apoeticformconsistingofaseriesofunitsofthreelinesrhymingaba,bcb,cdc,ded,etc.

6.Byronichero:

arebeloroutlawwhoisstrong-willed,disillusioned,friendless,alwaysatwarwiththeconventionalworld.

7.parody:

theimitativeuseofwords,style,attitude,toneandideasofanauthorinsuchawayastomakethemridiculous.

8.epistolarynovel:

anovelwrittenintheformofaseriesoflettersexchangedamongthecharactersofthestory,withextractsfromtheirjournalssometimesincluded.

二、文学史常识：

作家作品，相关流派{10题/10分}

1．WilliamWordsworth（华兹华斯1770-1850）

【1】作品特点{P6}：

Closetonature——hehadaprofoundlovefornature.Hethoughtthatnaturehadamoralvalueandhasitsphilosophicalsignificance.

【2】相关作品{P6}：

●TheRecluse:

longpoemwhichillustratedhisthinkingoflife,butitremainsunfinished.

●ThePrelude（1850）:

longpoemwhichtellsthegrowthofhismind.

●LyricalBallads（1798）:

animportantpieceofliteraturecriticisminEnglishliterature.Itcanbereadasadeclarationofromanticism.

【3】代表作品{P17}：

IWanderedLonelyAsaCloud

Iwanderedlonelyasacloud

Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,

WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,

Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;

Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,

Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.

Continuousasthestarsthatshine

Andtwinkleonthemilkyway,

Theystretchedinnever-endingline

Alongthemarginofabay:

TenthousandsawIataglance,

Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.

Thewavesbesidethemdanced;butthey

Out-didthesparklingwavesinglee:

Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,

Insuchajocundcompany:

Igazed--andgazed--butlittlethought

Whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:

Foroft,whenonmycouchIlie

Invacantorinpensivemood,

Theyflashuponthatinwardeye

Whichistheblissofsolitude;

Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,

Anddanceswiththedaffodils.

2．GeorgeGordonByron（拜伦1788-1824）

【1】作品特点：

Heisinterestedindemocracy

【2】关于作者{P41-42}：

●Bornofanoblebloodbothonpaternalandmaternallines.

●HewasgoodfriendswithShelly

●InthestyleofPope,hesatiricallyattackedWordsworth,ColeridgeandSouthey,andtheEdinburghcritics.

●AfterheattainedhisM.A.degree,hestayedforsometimeonhisestateandledadissipated（奢靡的）life

●From1809to1811,hemadeagrandtouroftheContinent.

【3】相关作品：

（1）EnglishBardsandScotchReviewers:

hisfirstimportantpoem

（2）HoursofIdleness：

acollectionoflyricalverse

（3）ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage:

firsttwocantos（篇章）

（4）OrientalTales:

aseriesofromanticnarrativeverses

（5）Prometheus,SonnetonChillon,andthePrisonerofChillon.

（6）ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage:

histhirdandfourthcantos.

【4】代表作品{P59}：

SheWalksinBeauty

Shewalksinbeauty,likethenight

Ofcloudleeclimesandstarryskies:

Andallthat’sbestofdarkandbright

Meetinheraspectandhereyes:

Thusmellowedtothattenderlight

Whichheaventogaudydaydenies.

Oneshadethemore,oneraytheless,

Hadhalfimpairedthenamelessgrace

Whichwavesineveryraventress,

Orsoftlylightenso’erherface;

Wherethoughtsserenelysweetexpress

Howpure,howdeartheirdwellingplace.

Andonthatcheek,ando’erthatbrow,

Sosoft,socharm,yeteloquent,

Thesmilesthatwin,thetintsthatglow,

Buttellofdaysingoodnessspent,

Amindatpeacewithallbelow,

Aheartwhoseloveisinnocent!

3．PercyByssheShelley（雪莱1792--1822）

【1】关于作者{P61-62}：

●Heelopedwithayounggirl,Harriet,atlastshewascommittedsuicide.

●ShemetGodwinandfellinlovewithhisdaughterMaryGodwin.HermotherwasMaryWollstonecraft（1759-1797）,achampionforwomen’srightsandtheauthoressofAVindicationoftheRightsofWoman（1792）

●HewasdrownedinatempestwhilesailinginaboatalongthecoastofItaly.

【3】相关作品：

（1）Alastor（1816）,TheRevoltofIslam（1818）,TheMaskofAnarchy（1819）:

allegorical（讽喻的）poems

（2）PrometheusUnbound（1820）,Hellas（1822），andTheCenci（1819）:

lyricaldramas.

（3）Adonis（1821）:

apoemhewroteonthedeathofKeats

（4）OdetotheWestWind（1819）:

themostwell-knownone.

（5）TheDefenceofPoetry（1821）:

publishedin1840afterthepoet’sdeath.

【4】代表作品{P67-70}：

OdetotheWestWind

1、

OWildWestWind,thoubreatheofAutumn’sbeing

Thou,fromwhoseunseenpresencetheleavesdead

Aredriven,likeghostsfromanenchanterfleeing,

Yellow,andblack,andpale,andhecticred,

Pestilence-strickenmultitudes:

Othou

Whochariltesttotheirdarkwintrybed

Thewingedseeds,wheretheyliecoldandlow,

Eachlikeacorpsewithinitsgrave,until

ThineazuresisteroftheSpringshallblow

Herclariono'erthedreamingearth,andfill

（Drivingsweetbudslikeflockstofeedinair）

Withlivinghuesandodorsplainandhill:

WildSpirit,whichartmovingeverywhere;

Destroyerandpresserver;hear,oh,hear!

4、

IfIwereadeadleafthoumightestbear;

IfIwereaswiftcloudtoflywiththee:

Awavetopantbeneaththypower,andshare

Theimpulseofthystrength,onlylessfree

Thanthou,Ouncontrollable!

Ifeven

Iwereasimmyboyhood,andcouldbe

ThecomradeofthywanderigsoverHeaven,

Asthen,whentooutstripthyskieyspeed

Scarceseem'davision;Iwouldne'erhavestriven

Asthuswiththeeinprayerinmysoreneed.

Oh,liftmeasawave,aleaf,acloud!

Ifalluponthethornsoflife!

Ibleed!

Aheavyweightofhourshaschainedandbowed

Onetoolkethee:

tameless,andswift,andproud.

5、

Makemethylyre,evenastheforestis:

Whatifmyleaversarefallinglikeitsown!

Thetmultofthymightyharmonies

Willtakefrombothadeep,autumnaltone,

Sweetthoughinsadness.Bethou,Spiritfierce,

Myspirit!

Bethoume,impetuousone!

Drivemydeadthoughtsovertheuniverse

Likewitheeredleavestoquickenanewbirth!

And,bytheincantationofthisverse,

Scatter,isfromanunextinguishedhearth

Ashesandsparks,mywordsamongmankind!

Bethroughmylipstounawakenedearth

Thetrumpetofaprophecy!

OWind,

IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?

4.JohnKeats（约翰·济慈1795-1821）

【1】关于作者{P74}：

●UnlikeByronandShelley,KeatswasborninLondon,oflowlyorigin.

●Hisparentsdiedearly.Hewasforcedtoservehisapprenticeshipandheworkedasthesurgeon’shelperformorethantwoyears.

●Hediedwhenhewasonly25yearsold.

●Mostofhisbestpoemswerewrittenintheshortthreeyearsfrom1817tothetimeofhisdeath.

●名家名言：

Beautyistruth,truthisbeauty.

【2】相关作品：

（1）Endymion（1818）:

hislongallegoricalpoem,aboutlovebetweenaGreekshepherdandthemoongoddess

（2）In1817heabandonedhisprofessionandpublishedhisfirstcollectionofpoems.

【3】作品特点：

（1）Hispoetryisconcernedwithjoyinthebeautyofthisworld.Hehadatasteofbeautyofnatureandworksofart.

（2）Hispoetryisalwayssenshous,colorfulandrichinimaginarywhichexpresstheacutenessofhissense.

【4】代表作品{P76}：

OdetoaNightingale

I.

MYheartaches,andadrowsynumbnesspains

Mysense,asthoughofhemlockIhaddrunk,

Oremptiedsomedullopiatetothedrains

Oneminutepast,andLethe-wardshadsunk:

'Tisnotthroughenvyofthyhappylot,

Butbeingtoohappyinthinehappiness,—

Thatthou,light-wingedDryadofthetrees,

Insomemelodiousplot

Ofbeechengreen,andshadowsnumberless,

Singestofsummerinfull-throatedease.

II.

O,foradraughtofvintage!

thathathbeen

Cool'dalongageinthedeep-delvedearth,

TastingofFloraandthecountrygreen,

Dance,andProvencalsong,andsunburntmirth!

OforabeakerfullofthewarmSouth,

Fullofthetrue,theblushfulHippocrene,

Withbeadedbubbleswinkingatthebrim,

Andpurple-stainedmouth;

ThatImightdrink,andleavetheworldunseen,

Andwiththeefadeawayintotheforestdim:

III.

Fadefaraway,dissolve,andquiteforget

Whatthouamongtheleaveshastneverknown,

Theweariness,thefever,andthefret

Here,wheremensitandheareachothergroan;

Wherepalsyshakesafew,sad,lastgrayhairs,

Whereyouthgrowspale,andspectre-thin,anddies;

Wherebuttothinkistobefullofsorrow

Andleaden-eyeddespairs,

WhereBeautycannotkeepherlustrouseyes,

OrnewLovepineatthembeyondto-morrow.

5.CharlesDickens（狄更斯1812-1870）

【1】关于作者{P135-136}：

●Hewasonceputintoprisonwithhisfather.Althoughhewasthereonlyforhalfayear,thisexperienceofhischildhoodleftsuchadeepimpressiononhismindthatitbecamearecurringsubjectinhisnovels.

●Helaterbecameaparliamentaryreporter.

●In1858hebegantogivepublicreadingswhichcontinueduntilhisdeath.

【2】相关作品：

（1）1836：

SketchesbyBoz;

（2）1836-1837:

ThePapersofthePickwickClub:

rapidlybroughthimfameandwealth.

（3）1837-1838:

TheOrphaninOliverTwist（雾都孤儿）

（4）1838-1839:

NicholasNickleby

（5）1840-1841:

TheOldCuriosityShop

（6）1843-1844:

MartinChuzzlewit

（7）1843-1845:

ChristmasstorieswhichincludedAChristmasCarol,TheChimesandTheCricketontheHearth:

heshowedhisprofoundsympathyforthepooranddescribedhowtherichwereconvertedafterundergo