土木工程中英词汇.docx
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土木工程中英词汇
土木工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译
1.综合类
大地工程geotechnicalengineering
反分析法backanalysismethod
基础工程foundationengineering
临界状态土力学criticalstatesoilmechanics
数值岩土力学numericalgeomechanics
土soil,earth
土动力学soildynamics
土力学soilmechanics
岩土工程geotechnicalengineering
应力路径stresspath
应力路径法stresspathmethod
2.工程地质及勘察
变质岩metamorphicrock
标准冻深standardfrostpenetration
冰川沉积glacialdeposit
冰积层（台）glacialdeposit
残积土eluvialsoil,residualsoil
层理beding
长石feldspar
沉积岩sedimentaryrock
承压水confinedwater
次生矿物secondarymineral
地质年代geologicalage
地质图geologicalmap
地下水groundwater
断层fault
断裂构造fracturestructure
工程地质勘察engineeringgeologicalexploration
海积层（台）marinedeposit
海相沉积marinedeposit
花岗岩granite
滑坡landslide
化石fossil
化学沉积岩chemicalsedimentaryrock
阶地terrace
节理joint
解理cleavage
喀斯特karst
矿物硬度hardnessofminerals
砾岩conglomerate
流滑flowslide
陆相沉积continentalsedimentation
泥石流mudflow,debrisflow
年粘土矿物clayminerals
凝灰岩tuff
牛轭湖ox-bowlake
浅成岩hypabyssalrock
潜水groundwater
侵入岩intrusiverock
取土器geotome
砂岩sandstone
砂嘴spit,sandspit
山岩压力rockpressure
深成岩plutionicrock
石灰岩limestone
石英quartz
松散堆积物rickle
围限地下水（台）confinedgroundwater
泻湖lagoon
岩爆rockburst
岩层产状attitudeofrock
岩浆岩magmaticrock,igneousrock
岩脉dike,dgke
岩石风化程度degreeofrockweathering
岩石构造structureofrock
岩石结构textureofrock
岩体rockmass
页岩shale
原生矿物primarymineral
云母mica
造岩矿物rock-formingmineral
褶皱fold,folding
钻孔柱状图boreholecolumnarsection
3.土的分类
饱和土saturatedsoil
超固结土overconsolidatedsoil
冲填土dredgerfill
充重塑土
冻土frozensoil,tjaele
非饱和土unsaturatedsoil
分散性土dispersivesoil
粉土silt,mo
粉质粘土siltyclay
高岭石kaolinite
过压密土（台）overconsolidatedsoil
红粘土redclay,adamicearth
黄土loess,huangtu（China）
蒙脱石montmorillonite
泥炭peat,bogmuck
年粘土clay
年粘性土cohesivesoil,clayeysoil
膨胀土expansivesoil,swellingsoil
欠固结粘土underconsolidatedsoil
区域性土zonalsoil
人工填土fill,artificialsoil
软粘土softclay,mildclay,mickle
砂土sand
湿陷性黄土collapsibleloess,slumpingloess
素填土plainfill
塑性图plasticitychart
碎石土stone,breakstone,brokenstone,channery,chat,crushedsto
ne,deritus
未压密土（台）underconsolidatedclay
无粘性土cohesionlesssoil,frictionalsoil,non-cohesivesoil
岩石rock
伊利土illite
有机质土organicsoil
淤泥muck,gyttja,mire,slush
淤泥质土muckysoil
原状土undisturbedsoil
杂填土miscellaneousfill
正常固结土normallyconsolidatedsoil
正常压密土（台）normallyconsolidatedsoil
自重湿陷性黄土selfweightcollapseloess
4.土的物理性质
阿太堡界限Atterberglimits
饱和度degreeofsaturation
饱和密度saturateddensity
饱和重度saturatedunitweight
比重specificgravity
稠度consistency
不均匀系数coefficientofuniformity,uniformitycoefficient
触变thixotropy
单粒结构single-grainedstructure
蜂窝结构honeycombstructure
干重度dryunitweight
干密度drydensity
塑性指数plasticityindex
含水量watercontent,moisturecontent
活性指数
级配gradation,grading
结合水boundwater,combinedwater,heldwater
界限含水量Atterberglimits
颗粒级配particlesizedistributionofsoils,mechanicalcomposi
tionofsoil
可塑性plasticity
孔隙比voidratio
孔隙率porosity
粒度granularity,grainness,grainage
粒组fraction,sizefraction
毛细管水capillarywater
密度density
密实度compactionness
年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivityofcohesivesoil
平均粒径meandiameter,averagegraindiameter
曲率系数coefficientofcurvature
三相图blockdiagram,skeletaldiagram,threephasediagram
三相土tri-phasesoil
湿陷起始应力initialcollapsepressure
湿陷系数coefficientofcollapsibility
缩限shrinkagelimit
土的构造soiltexture
土的结构soilstructure
土粒相对密度specificdensityofsolidparticles
土中气airinsoil
土中水waterinsoil
团粒aggregate,cumularpharolith
限定粒径constraineddiameter
相对密度relativedensity,densityindex
相对压密度relativecompaction,compactingfactor,percentcompa
ction,coefficientofcompaction
絮状结构flocculentstructure
压密系数coefficientofconsolidation
压缩性compressibility
液限liquidlimit
液性指数liquidityindex
游离水（台）freewater
有效粒径effectivediameter,effectivegrainsize,effectivesize
有效密度effectivedensity
有效重度effectiveunitweight
重力密度unitweight
自由水freewater,gravitationalwater,groundwater,phreaticwater
组构fabric
最大干密度maximumdrydensity
最优含水量optimumwatercontent
5.渗透性和渗流
达西定律Darcyslaw
管涌piping
浸润线phreaticline
临界水力梯度criticalhydraulicgradient
流函数flowfunction
流土flowingsoil
流网flownet
砂沸sandboiling
渗流seepage
渗流量seepagedischarge
渗流速度seepagevelocity
渗透力seepageforce
渗透破坏seepagefailure
渗透系数coefficientofpermeability
渗透性permeability
势函数potentialfunction
水力梯度hydraulicgradient
6.地基应力和变形
变形deformation
变形模量modulusofdeformation
泊松比Poissonsratio
布西涅斯克解Boussinnesqssolution
残余变形residualdeformation
残余孔隙水压力residualporewaterpressure
超静孔隙水压力excessporewaterpressure
沉降settlement
沉降比settlementratio
次固结沉降secondaryconsolidationsettlement
次固结系数coefficientofsecondaryconsolidation
地基沉降的弹性力学公式elasticformulaforsettlementcalculation
分层总和法layerwisesummationmethod
负孔隙水压力negativeporewaterpressure
附加应力superimposedstress
割线模量secantmodulus
固结沉降consolidationsettlement
规范沉降计算法settlementcalculationbyspecification
回弹变形rebounddeformation
回弹模量modulusofresilience
回弹系数coefficientofresilience
回弹指数swellingindex
建筑物的地基变形允许值allowablesettlementofbuilding
剪胀dilatation
角点法corner-pointsmethod
孔隙气压力poreairpressure
孔隙水压力porewaterpressure
孔隙压力系数AporepressureparameterA
孔隙压力系数BporepressureparameterB
明德林解Mindlinssolution
纽马克感应图Newmarkchart
切线模量tangentmodulus
蠕变creep
三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensionalconsolidationsettl
ement
瞬时沉降immediatesettlement
塑性变形plasticdeformation
谈弹性变形elasticdeformation
谈弹性模量elasticmodulus
谈弹性平衡状态stateofelasticequilibrium
体积变形模量volumetricdeformationmodulus
先期固结压力preconsolidationpressure
压缩层
压缩模量modulusofcompressibility
压缩系数coefficientofcompressibility
压缩性compressibility
压缩指数compressionindex
有效应力effectivestress
自重应力self-weightstress
总应力totalstressapproachofshearstrength
最终沉降finalsettlement
7.固结
巴隆固结理论Barronsconsolidationtheory
比奥固结理论Biotsconsolidationtheory
超固结比over-consolidationratio
超静孔隙水压力excessporewaterpressure
次固结secondaryconsolidation
次压缩（台）secondaryconsolidatin
单向度压密（台）one-dimensionalconsolidation
多维固结multi-dimensionalconsolidation
固结consolidation
固结度degreeofconsolidation
固结理论theoryofconsolidation
固结曲线consolidationcurve
固结速率rateofconsolidation
固结系数coefficientofconsolidation
固结压力consolidationpressure
回弹曲线reboundcurve
井径比drainspacingratio
井阻wellresistance
曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryereffect
潜变（台）creep
砂井sanddrain
砂井地基平均固结度averagedegreeofconsolidationofsand-drainedground
时间对数拟合法logrithmoftimefittingmethod
时间因子timefactor
太沙基固结理论Terzaghisconsolidationtheory
太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulicdiffusionequation
先期固结压力preconsolidationpressure
压密（台）consolidation
压密度（台）degreeofconsolidation
压缩曲线cpmpressioncurve
一维固结onedimensionalconsolidation
有效应力原理principleofeffectivestress
预压密压力（台）preconsolidationpressure
原始压缩曲线virgincompressioncurve
再压缩曲线recompressioncurve
主固结primaryconsolidation
主压密（台）primaryconsolidation
准固结压力pseudo-consolidationpressure
K0固结consolidationunderK0condition
8.抗剪强度
安息角（台）angleofrepose
不排水抗剪强度undrainedshearstrength
残余内摩擦角residualangleofinternalfriction
残余强度residualstrength
长期强度long-termstrength
单轴抗拉强度uniaxialtensiontest
动强度dynamicstrengthofsoils
峰值强度peakstrength
伏斯列夫参数Hvorslevparameter
剪切应变速率shearstrainrate
抗剪强度shearstrength
抗剪强度参数shearstrengthparameter
抗剪强度有效应力法effectivestressapproachofshearstrength
抗剪强度总应力法totalstressapproachofshearstrength
库仑方程Coulombsequation
摩尔包线Mohrsenvelope
摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulombtheory
内摩擦角angleofinternalfriction
年粘聚力cohesion
破裂角angleofrupture
破坏准则failurecriterion
十字板抗剪强度vanestrength
无侧限抗压强度unconfinedcompressionstrength
有效内摩擦角effectiveangleofinternalfriction
有效粘聚力effectivecohesionintercept
有效应力破坏包线effectivestressfailureenvelope
有效应力强度参数effectivestressstrengthparameter
有效应力原理principleofeffectivestress
真内摩擦角trueangleinternalfriction
真粘聚力truecohesion
总应力破坏包线totalstressfailureenvelope
总应力强度参数totalstressstrengthparameter
9.本构模型
本构模型constitutivemodel
边界面模型boundarysurfacemodel
层向各向同性体模型crossanisotropicmodel
超弹性模型hyperelasticmodel
德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Pragercriterion
邓肯－张模型Duncan-Changmodel
动剪切强度
非线性弹性模量nonlinearelasticmodel
盖帽模型capmodel
刚塑性模型rigidplasticmodel
割线模量secantmodulus
广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extendedvonMisesyieldcriterion
广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extendedtrescayieldcriterion
加工软化worksoftening
加工硬化workhardening
加工硬化定律strainhardinglaw
剑桥模型Cambridgemodel
柯西弹性模型Cauchyelasticmodel
拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncanmodel
拉特屈服准则Ladeyieldcriterion
理想弹塑性模型idealelastoplasticmodel
临界状态弹塑性模型criticalstateelastoplasticmodel
流变学模型rheologicalmodel
流动规则flowrule
摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulombyieldcriterion
内蕴时间塑性模型endochronicplasticmodel
内蕴时间塑性理论endochronictheory
年粘弹性模型viscoelasticmodel
切线模量tangentmodulus
清华弹塑性模型Tsinghuaelastoplasticmodel
屈服面yieldsurface
沈珠江三重屈服面模型ShenZhujiangthreeyieldsurfacemethod
双参数地基模型
双剪应力屈服模型twinshearstressyieldcriterion
双曲线模型hyperbolicmodel
松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakaiyieldcriterion
塑性形变理论
谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplasticmodulusmatrix
谈弹塑性模型elastoplasticmodulus
谈弹塑性增量理论incrementalelastoplastictheory
谈弹性半空间地基模型elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel
谈弹性变形elasticdeformation
谈弹性模量elasticmodulus
谈弹性模型elasticmodel
魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型WeiRulong-Khosla-Wumodel
文克尔地基模型Winklerfoundationmodel
修正剑桥模型modifiedcambridgemodel
准弹性模型hypoelasticmodel
土木工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译2
10.地基承载力
冲剪破坏punchingshearfailure
次层（台）substratum
地基subgrade,ground,foundationsoil
地基承载力bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil
地基极限承载力ultimatebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil
地基允许承载力allowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil
地基稳定性stabilityoffoundationsoil
汉森地基承载力公式Hansensultimatebearingcapacityformula
极限平衡状态stateoflimitequilibrium
加州承载比（美国）CaliforniaBearingRatio
局部剪切破坏localshearfailure
临塑荷载criticaledgepressure
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