大学英语四级考试试点考试样卷试题卷课件.docx

大学英语四级考试试点考试样卷试题卷课件.docx

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大学英语四级考试试点考试样卷试题卷课件

大学英语四级考试试点考试样卷（试题卷）

PartⅠWriting（30minutes）

注意：

此部分试题在答题卡1上。

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）

（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-7,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementaggresswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Landfills

Youhavejustfinishedyourmealatafastfoodrestaurantandyouthrowyouruneatenfood,foodwrappers,drinkcups,utensilsandnapkinsintothetrashcan.Youdon’tthinkaboutthatwasteagain.Ontrashpickupdayinyourneighborhood,youpushyourcanouttothecurb,andworkersdumpthecontentsintoabigtruckandhaulitaway.Youdon’thavetothinkaboutthatwasteagain,either.Butmaybeyouhavewondered,asyouwatchthetrashtruckpullaway,justwherethatgarbageendsup.

Americansgeneratetrashatanastonishingrateiffourpoundsperdayperperson,whichtranslatesto600,000tonsperdayor210milliontonsperyear!

Thisisalmosttwiceasmuchtrashperpersonasmostothermajorcountries.Whathappenstothistrash?

Somegetsrecycle（回收利用）orrecoveredandsomeisburned,butthemajorityisburiedinlandfills.

HowMuchTrashIsGenerated?

Ofthe210milliontonsoftrash,orsolidwaste,generatedintheUnitedStatesannually,about56milliontons,or27percent,iseitherrecycled（glass,paperproduct,plastic,metals）orcomposed（做成堆肥）（yardwaste）.Theremainingtrash,whichismostlyunrecyclable,isdiscarded.

HowIsTrashDisposedOf?

ThetrashproductionintheUnitesStateshasalmosttripledsince1960.Thistrashishandledinvariousways.About27percentofthetrashisrecycledorcomposted,16percentisburnedand57percentisburiedinlandfills.Theamountoftrashburiedinlandfillshasdoubledsince1960.TheUnitedStatesrankssomewhereinthemiddleofthemajorcountries（UnitedKingdom,Canada,Germany,FranceandJapan）inlandfillsdisposal.TheUnitedKingdomrankshighest,buryingabout90percentofitssolidwasteinlandfills.

WhatIsaLandfill?

Therearetwowaystoburytrash:

●Dump–anopenholeinthegroundwheretrashisburiedandthatisfullofvariousanimals（rates,mice,birds）.（Thisismostpeople’sideaofalandfill!

）

●Landfill–carefullydesignedstructurebuiltintoorontopofthegroundinwhichtrashisisolatedfromthesurroundingenvironment（groundwater,air,rain）.Thisisolationisaccomplishedwithabottomlineranddailycoveringofsoil.

○Sanitarylandfill—landfillthatusesaclaylinertoisolatethetrashfromtheenvironment

○Municipalsolidwaste（MSW）landfill—landfillthatusesasynthetic（plastic）linertoisolatethetrashfromtheenvironment

Thepurposeofalandfillistoburythetrashinsuchawaythatitwillbeisolatedfromgroundwater,willbekeptdryandwillnotbeincontactwithair.Undertheseconditions,trashwillnotdecompose（腐烂）much.Alandfillisnotlikeacompostpile,wherethepurposeistoburytrashinsuchawaythatitwilldecomposequickly.

ProposingtheLandfill

Foralandfilltobebuilt,theoperatorshavetomakesurethattheyfollowcertainsteps.Inmostpartsoftheworld,thereareregulationsthatgovernwherealandfillcanbeplacedandhowitcanoperate.Thewholeprocessbeginswithsomeoneproposingthelandfill.

IntheUnitesStates,takingcareoftrashandbuildinglandfillsarelocalgovernment

responsibilities.Beforeacityorotherauthoritycanbuildalandfill,anenvironmentalimpactstudymustbedoneontheproposedsitetodetermine:

●theareaoflandnecessaryforthelandfill

●thecompositionoftheunderlyingsoilandbedrock

●theflowofsurfacewateroverthesite

●theimpactoftheproposedlandfillonthelocalenvironmentandwildlife

●thehistoricalvalueoftheproposedsite

BuildingtheLandfill

Oncetheenvironmentalimpactstudyiscomplete,thepermitsaregrantedandthefundshavebeenraised,thenconstructionbegins.First,accessroadstothelandfillsitemustbebuiltiftheydonotalreadyexist.Theseroadswillbeusedbyconstructionequipment,sanitation（环卫）servicesandthegeneralpublic.Afterroadswillhavebeenbuilt,diggingcanbegin.IntheNorthWakeCountryLandfill,thelandfillbegan10feetbelowtheroadsurface.

WhatHappenstotrashinaLandfill?

Trashputinalandfillwillstaythereforaverylongtime.Insidealandfill,thereislittleoxygenandlittlemoisture.Undertheseconditions,trashdoesnotbreakdownveryrapidly.Infactwhenoldlandfillshavebeenduguporsampled,40-year–oldnewspaperhavebeenfoundwitheasilyreadableprint.Landfillsarenotdesignedtobreakdowntrash,merelytoburyit.Whenalandfillcloses,thesite,especiallythegroundwater,mustbemonitoredandmaintainedforupto30years!

HowIsaLandfillOperated?

Alandfill,suchastheNorthWakeCountryLandfill,Mustbeopenandavailableeveryday.Customersaretypicallymunicipalitiesandconstructioncompanies,althoughresidentsmayalsousethelandfill.

Neartheentranceofthelandfillisarecyclingcenterwhereresidentscandropoffrecyclablematerials（aluminumcans,glassbottles,newspapersandpaperproducts）.Thishelpstoreducetheamountofmaterialinthelandfill.Someofthesematerialsarebannedfromlandfillsbylawbecausetheycanberecycled.

Ascustomersenterthesite,theirtrucksareweighedatthescalehouse.Customersarechargedtippingfeesforusingthesite.Thetippingfeesvaryfrom$10to$40perton.Thesefeesareusedtopayoperationscosts.TheNorthWakeCountryLandfillhasanoperatingbudgetofapproximately$4.5million,andpartofthatcomesfromtippingfees.

Alongthesite,therearedrop-offstationsformaterialsthatarenotwantedorlegallybannedbythelandfill.Amulti-materialdrop-offstationisusedfortires,motoroil,lead-acidbatteries.Someofthesematerialscanberecycled.

Inaddition,thereisahouseholdhazardouswastedrop-offstationforchemicals（paints,pesticides,otherchemicals）thatarebannedfromthelandfill.Thesechemicalsaredisposedofbyprivatecompanied.Somepaintscanberecycledandsomeorganicchemicalscanbeburnedinfurnacesorpowerplants.

Otherstructuresalongsidethelandfillaretheborrowedareathatsuppliesthesoilforthelandfill,therunoffcollectionpongandmethane（甲烷）station.

Landfillsarecomplicatedstructuresthat,whenproperlydesignedandmanaged,serveanimportantpurpose.Inthefuture,newtechnologiescalledbioreactorswillbeusedtospeedthebreakdownoftrashinlandfillsandproducemoremethane.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。

1．Thepassagegivesageneraldescriptionofthestructureanduseofalandfill.

2．MostofthetrashthatAmericansgenerateendsupinlandfills.

3.Comparedwithothermajorindustrializedcountries,Americaburiesamuchhigherpercentageofitssolidwasteinlandfills.

4.Landfillsarelikecompostpilesinthattheyspeedupdecompositionoftheburiedtrash.

5.Inmostcountriestheselectionofalandfillsiteisgovernedbyrulesandregulations.

6.IntheUnitedStatesthebuildingoflandfillsisthejobofbothfederalandlocalgovernments.

7.Hazardouswasteshavetobetreatedbeforebeingdumpedintolandfills.

PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11．A）Themanhatestolendhistoolstootherpeople.

B）Themanhasn’tfinishedworkingonthebookshelf.

C）Thetoolshavealreadybeenreturnedtothewoman.

D）Thetoolsthemanborrowedfromthewomanaremissing.

12.A）Savetimebyusingacomputer.B）BorrowMartha’scomputer.

C）Buyherowncomputer.D）Stayhomeandcompleteherpaper.

13.A）HehasbeentoSeattlemanytimes.

B）Hehaschairedalotofconferences.

C）Heholdsahighpositioninhiscompany.

D）.HelivedinSeattleformanyyears.

14.A）Teacherandstudent.B）Managerandofficeworker.

C）Doctorandpatient.D）Travelagentandcustomer.

15.A）Sheknowstheguywhowillgivethelecture.

B）Shethinksthelecturemightbeinformative.

C）Shewantstoaddsomethingtoherlecture.

D）She’llfinishherreportthisweekend.

16.A）Anartmuseum.B）Acollegecampus.

C）Abeautifulpark.D）Anarchitecturalexhibition.

17.A）Thehousesforsaleareofpoorquality.

B）Thehousesareexpensiveforthecoupletobuy.

C）Thehousingdevelopersprovidefreetripsforpotentialbuyers.

D）Themanisunwillingtotakealookatthehousesforsale.

18.A）Talkingaboutsports.

B）Readingnewspapers.

C）Writinguplocalnews.

D）Puttingupadvertisements.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A）Thebenefitsofstrongbusinesscompetition.

B）Aproposaltolowerthecostofproduction.

C）Complaintsabouttheexpenseofmodernization.

D）Suggestionsconcerningnewbusinessstrategies.

20.A）Itcostmuchmorethanitsworth.

B）Itshouldbebroughtup-to-date.

C）Itcallsforimmediaterepairs.

D