Analysis of Oedipus complex in Sons and Lovers.docx

Analysis of Oedipus complex in Sons and Lovers.docx

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AnalysisofOedipuscomplexinSonsandLovers

AnalysisofOedipuscomplexinSonsandLovers

Introduction

TheOedipuscomplexisalwaysahottopicintheworld.TheOedipuscomplexisalsocalled"MotherFixation".Generallyspeaking,itreferstotheprocessofpsychologicaltendencyofaman.Oedipuscomplexisthatnomatterwhatagethemanalwaysobeysandattachestohismother.Actuallywedesignatethatthiskindofpersonhasnotweanedinthepsychologically.Freudputforwardthistheoryatfirst.HebelievedthattheOedipuscomplexisanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofindividualpersonalities.TherearealotofscholarsandwritersdiscussesaboutthedefinitionofOedipuscomplexanditsmanifestationsinliteraryworks.Somescholarsthoughtthatchildrenwholiveinagoodfamilyandsocialenvironmentareunlikelyperplexingdeformityfeelings–Oedipuscomplex.SomeexpertsbelievedthattheOedipuscomplexisakindofcommonphenomenon.

Inashort,scholarsdon’treachaconsensus.Basedontheviewpointsofexpertsfromallwalksoflife,thistermwouldbediscussesagain.Thispaper'swritingstructureisshownasfollows:

Theessayfirstlyintroducesthebackgroundinformationofthetimesandbriefintroductionofauthorandnovel.AndthenthispaperwillanalyzetheembodimentofOedipuscomplexinPaul’schildhood,teenagedaysandafterPaul’smotherdied.AndmoretheessaywillillustratesnegativeeffectsofOedipuscomplexinmodernlifewithrealexamples,andfindingwaystosolveitcorrectly.EventuallyaccordingtocurrentresearchstatusofOedipuscomplex,thispaperwillexploresnegativeinfluenceofOedipuscomplextosociety,especiallytoChinesefamilies.

1.BackgroundInformationofSonsandLovers

ThethirdpublishednovelofD.H.Lawrence,takenbymanytobehisearliestmasterpiecetellsthestoryofPaulMorel,ayoungmanandabuddingartist.Thisautobiographicalnovelisabrilliantevocationoflifeinaworkingclassminingcommunity.Theoriginal1913editionwasheavilyeditedbyEdwardGarnettwhoremovedeightypassages,roughlyatenthofthetext.Itwasnotuntilthe1992CambridgeUniversityPresseditionwasreleasedthatthemissingtextwasrestored.In1999,theModernLibraryrankedSonsandLoversninthonalistofthe100bestnovelsinEnglishofthe20thcentury.

1.1BriefIntroductionabouttheAuthor

DavidHerbertLawrenceisoneofthegreatestandmostcontroversialEnglishnovelistsinthe20thcentury.D.H.Lawrencewasborninminer’sfamilyofEnglandin1885.Hisbirthplaceisnowamuseum.Lawrence’searlyeducationwasatGreasleyBeauvaleBoardSchool,nearEastwood,andlater,afterwinningascholarshipin1898,heattendedNottinghamHighSchool.HealsostudiedatNottinghamUniversityandspentabrieftimeteachingattheDavidsonRoadSchool.Hisfatherwasatotallyilliterateminerandhismother,aprimaryschoolteacherwhowasborninanoblefamilywasawomanofstrongcharacterandrefinement.ThebrokenmarriageofD.H.Lawrence’sparentsledtoanunluckyfamily.ThedifferencesinLawrence'sparent’sbackgroundsoftenledtofamilyconflicts,withhisfatherpreferringtospendhiswagesondrink,tohelpdeadenthepainofworkinglonggruelinghoursunderground,whilsthismotherwasmoreconcernedwiththechildren’supbringing,welfareandeducation.Growingupinapoorandbrokenfamily,theyoungLawrencewasphysicallyweakandfullofillness.Hehadadeepfeelingwithhismotherwhichwasdifferentfromnormalone.D.H.Lawrence'smotherdiedin1910.Hehelpedherdiebygivingheranoverdoseofsleepingmedicine.Thisscenewasre-createdinhisnovelSonsandLovers.Thoughhelivedinanunfortunatelyfamily,itdoesn’tinfluencehisliterarycareeratall.Duringhislife-longliterarycareer,hehadwrittenmorethantennovelsseveralvolumesofshortstoriesandalargenumberofpoems.Lawrenceisnotonlyagreatnovelistbutalsoafamouspoet,asharpessayauthor,anexperiencedtravelerandaproductiveliteraturereporter.Atthesametimehespreadshisgeniustomanyfieldssuchascommentaryphilosophyanddrawing.Howeverheisfirstofallanovelist.Theimportantpointisthatthesenovelswinimmensereputation.Hedarestobreakthewritingwayofotherwritersinthe19thcentury.Withespecialstyleandvividpsychologicaldepictionhedescribestheprimalandnaturalbeautytoshowtheinstinctivepowerofhumanbeings.Lawrence’sworksareunderstoodhardlysoheisthecontroversialfigureinthehistoryofliteratureallthetime.Afewwritersandcriticsinthesameepochappreciatehimbutmostofthemdon’tagreewithLawrence.Somepeoplethinkheisahereticinemotionandmorbidsexualmaniacothersregardhisbeliefasstrangeandinconceivableone.In1950sacurrentbegantoraisewhichrecognizedandreappraisedLawrenceandhiswork.AfterthepublicationofthenovelSonsandLoversLawrencewassettledhispositionasafamousnovelist.TheRainbowandWomeninLovearetwoofhisnovels.TheymakeLawrencebecameoneofthegreatnovelistin20thcentury

1.2BriefIntroductionabouttheNovel

Inthe20thcentury,theworkSonsandLoversarousedagreatsensationintheliteratureworld.MoreandmorepeoplebeginputtheirattentiontoOedipuscomplex.MostpeoplebelievedthatitwasastrongevidenceforFreud’stheory－Oedipuscomplex.

Sonsandloversisanautobiographicalnovel,muchofwhichistakenfromLawrence’sownearlylifeinthemidlandcoal-miningvillageofEastwood.Inthenovel,Lawrenceshoedusapictureofcoal-miner’slifeintheEnglishMidlandsaccordingtohislifeexperiencethatdevelopedthehistoricalandsocialatmosphereinthatperiod.IntheworkSonsandLovers,Mrs.Gertrudemorel,themother,wasawomanofstrongcharacterandrefinement.Herhusbandwasaminerwhodrankheavilyandhewasirresponsiblewhichoftenledtoterriblequarrelsinthefamily.PaulMorelgrewupinsuchamiserablesetting.Themotherlavishedherloveonhimanddeterminedtosavehimfromtheshadowofthecoalmine.ButwhenhewasinlovewithMiriam,Mrs.Morelwasafraidthatshemightlosehim.SoshedidherbesttopreventPaulfallinlovewithher.Finally,PaulandMiriamhavetodivorcefromeachother.ClaraisPaul’ssecondlover;shealsofailsbythepossessivemother.

2.EmbodimentofOedipuscomplexIntheSonsandLovers

MenwhohaveOedipuscomplexdowhattheirmothersaskthemtoandcan'tdowhattheirmothersdon'tallow.Theybelievethattheirmothersaretheoneswholovethemmostandcouldrelyonsothattheydon'twanttoleavetheirmothersandtheydesiretostaywiththeirmothersforever.Inopposite,themothersputmostoftheirattentiontotheirchildren.Theytrytheirbesttoprotesttheirchildren.Theydecideeverythingfortheirchildrenbecausetheybelievethattheyknowwhattheirchildrenneed.Intheirchildren’slifenobodycantaketheplaceoftheirmother.Manyevidencelikethiscanbefoundinthenovel.

2.1DefinitionofOedipuscomplex

Thisterm,Oedipuscomplex,derivesfromoneoftheGreeceandRomemythologies.TherewasaprophecythatthenewprinceofOedipusrealmwouldbethepersonwhokilledhisfatherandmarriedhismother,afterhearingtheprophecy,theOedipusKingdecidedtodissenthissontothedesolatemountain.Luckily,theyoungprincewasrescuedandbroughtupbyashepherdandwassenttoOedipusrealmcountryasthesonofOedipusrealm.TheprincedidalotofcharitabledeedthatthepeopleregardedhimasaheroandthensupportedhimasthekingofOedipusrealm.BecomingthekingofOedipusrealm,theyoungkingmarriedthequeenofOedipusrealm.Onedayheknewthetruththatthequeenwashismotherandhisfatherhadbeenkilledbyhimasapassenger.Realizedthis,theyoungOedipuskingdugouthiseyeballsandthenledavagrantlife.Accordingtothestory,theAustrianpsychologistFreudhadposedthetheoryofOedipuswhichalsocalledOedipuscomplex.In1900thepublicationoftheInterpretationofDreamsbyAustrianpsychologistSigmundFreudmarkedtherealestablishmentofpsychoanalysistheory.IntheTotemandTaboowhichwaspublishedin1913Freudsaid“theearliestsexualtargetofboyishismother.”[1]Thatistosayhealwayswantstooccupyhisfather’spositionscrambleformother’slovewithhisfather.ThisisSigmundFreudadvancedatheoryofpersonalitydevelopmentthatcenteredontheeffectsofthesexualpleasuredriveontheindividualpsyche.Atparticularpointsinthedevelopmentalprocess,heclaimed,asinglebodypartisparticularlysensitivetosexual,eroticstimulation.Theseerogenouszonesarethemouth,theanus,andthegenitalregion.Thechild'slibidocentersonbehavioraffectingtheprimaryerogenouszoneofhisage;hecannotfocusontheprimaryerogenouszoneofthenextstagewithoutresolvingthedevelopmentalconflictoftheimmediateone.TheOedipuscomplexoccursduringthephallicstageofpsychosexualdevelopment（age3–6years）whenalsooccurstheformationofthelibidoandtheegoyetitmightmanifestitselfatanearlierage.Thephallicstageisthesettingforthegreatest,mostcrucialsexualconflictinFreud'smodelofdevelopment.Inthisstage,thechild'serogenouszoneisthegenitalregion.Asthechildbecomesmoreinterestedinhisgenitals,andinthegenitalsofothers,conflictarises.Theconflict,labeledtheOedipuscomplex（TheElectracomplexinwomen）,involvesthechild'sunconsciousdesiretopossesstheopposite-sexedparent,andtoeliminatethesame-sexedone.Inanotherwords,duringthisstageboysseekgenitalstimulationanddevelopbothunconsciousdesiresfortheirmotherandjealousyandhatredfortheirfather