英语四级考试最新模拟试题及答案.docx
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英语四级考试最新模拟试题及答案
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2009年12月大学英语四级
模拟试题及答案解析
2009年12月英语四级考试最新模拟试题及答案
一、选词填空题
第1题:
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequestedtoselectonwordforeachblackfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceintheblankisindentifiedbyaletter.
PleasemarkthecorrecspondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenttre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
TheAmericanpatentsystem,providedforintheConstitution,wasdesignedtoencouragethecreationanduseofnewtechnology.Aninventorwoulddescribetheinvention,bothinwritingandwithdrawings,and__1__thedescriptionwithamodeltoagovernmentofficial.Iftheinventionwasjudgedtobe___2__andbeneficial,theofficialwouldgivetheinventorapatent.Thepatentmeantthatfor14yearstheinventorownedthenewinvention.Inventorscould___3__theirideastomanufacturersorjustusethemthemselves.Thegovernmentwouldnot___4__anyotherpatentforthesameidea,andtheinventorcould___5__anyoneofusingthepatentedideawith-outpayingtheownerofthepatentfor___6__touseit.
Ausefulpatentmeantthattheinventorcouldmakealotofmoney.Inexchangeforthisgover-nmentalprotection,thegovernmentpublishedthepatent__7___,whichhadtoprovideenoughinformationsothatotherpeoplecouldunderstandtheinvention—thusaddingtothegeneral__8_technologicalknowledge.Andattheendofthe14years,anyonecouldusetheinventionfor__9__.Theideabehindthepatentsystemwastwofold:
itwouldincreasetheamountoftechnology,byprovidingawayforpeopletomakemoneyoutofnewideas,anditwouldmakenewtechnologywidelyavailable,bypublicizingideasthatmight___10__bekeptastradesecrets.
A)licenseI)specifications
B)howeverJ)yield
C)accuseK)issue
D)submitL)charge
E)convenientM)availabe
F)permissionN)otherwise
G)enableO)original
H)free
【参考答案】:
DOAKCFIMHN
二、阅读理解
第2题:
Gobalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but—regardlessofwhetheritisorisn’t—wewon’tdomuchaboutit.Wewillagrueoveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseen,thelesslikelytheyaretobeobserved.
AlGorecallsglobalwarmingan“inconvenienttruth”,asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon’tknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarming,and—withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughswecan'tdomuchaboutit.
From2003to2050,theworld’spopulationisprojectedgrowfrom6.4billionto9.1billion,a42%increase.Ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremaimthesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegasemissions(mainlyCO2)willbe42%higherin2050.Butthat’stoolow,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconomicgrowthunlesswecondemntheworld’spoortotheirpresentpovertyandfreezeeveryoneelse’slivingstandards.Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethandoubleby2050.
Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthandpersonalfreedom(limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel)thatmightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey’re“doingsomething”.ConsidertheKyotoprotocol(京都议定书).Itallowedcountriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn’t.Butithasn’treducedCO2emissions(upabout25%since1990),andmanysignatories(签字国)didn’tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008―2012targets.
Thepracticalconclusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotentialdisaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrommightfindwaysofbreakingourdependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit.
Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbacomeamoralproblemwhenit’sreallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon’tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we’rehelpless.
1.Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?
A)Itmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall.
B)Itisanissuerequiringworldwisecommitments.
C)Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.
D)Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.
2.Accordingtotheauthor’sunderstanding,whatisALGore’sviewonglobalwarming?
A)ItisarealitybothpeopleandPoliticiansareunawareof.
B)Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.
C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.
D)Itisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.
3.Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becauseof______________.
A)enonomicgrowthB)wastefuluseofenergy
C)thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoorD)therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology
4.Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningofKyotoProtocol,________________.
A)politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituation
B)fewnationhaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuse
C)reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarming
D)internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvironmentalproblems
5.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?
A)Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.
B)Theultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnology.
C)Thedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughs
D)Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming.
1小题>、【正确答案】:
D
2小题>、【正确答案】:
C
3小题>、【正确答案】:
A
4小题>、【正确答案】:
B
5小题>、【正确答案】:
B
【参考解析】:
1.D由题干中说提及到的inthefirstparagraph可以将题目答案迅速定位到文章第一段后半部分but―regardlessofwhetheritisorisn’t―wewon’tdomuchaboutit.根据文章第一句话得知,全球变暖有可能成为21世纪的环境危机,但是无论结果如何,我们都无能为力。
D中verylittlewilbedone与原文wewon’tdomuchaboutit意义一致。
迅速锁定答案为D。
A选项所说全球变暖根本不可能引起环境危机,是对文章第一句话的片面理解,故排除。
B选项说全球变暖问题需要全世界范围内的努力,作者在文中是提到了这方面的内容,但是作者的意图重在后半句,也就是说国家承诺越多,执行得越不到位,该句为第一句话服务,因此也不是第一段的主旨,故排除。
C选项说已经采取了严格的措施来避免或阻止这一问题的发生,在第一段中根本没涉及,故排除。
2.C由题干中的人名AlGore可定位到第二段第一句…asitmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolutiontorelieveglobalwarming.题目问的是AlGore对全球变暖的看法。
好像只要意识到它,就可以找到解决这一问题的方法。
C与此表述一致。
A项它是一个平民和政客们共识的问题,显然是对第一句中asif引导的句子的错误理解;B项这是一个导致很多不便的现象,是对inconvenienttruth的表面的表面理解,排除;D是作者的看法,不是AlGore的看法。
3.A由题干中的morethandoubleby2050定位到第三段末句Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethandoubleby2050.按照一个较为中等的增长速度来看,能量消耗和温室气体排放到2050年时将是现在的两倍。
A项中的economicgrowth即原文中的growth。
B项“能源的浪费”,文章中没有涉及能源浪费问题,排除;C项“贫富之间差距的加大”文章中所涉及的让穷人维持现状,实际上是表明经济的停滞,而非意在表明贫富之间的差距加大,当然也不会有题干的结果;D项科技的突飞猛进,作者在该段第二句中提到ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremainthesame,其实也是在科技的进步会促进经济的发展,因此它不是导致题干结果的直接原因,排除。
4.B根据题干中的signingoftheKyotoProtocol定位到原文第四段最后三句。
允许缔约国惩罚非缔约国,但它却不能减少排放量,很多签字国也未能采取足够强硬的政策。
B中fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasures和本段最后一句中didn’tadoptenoughpolicies意义相符。
该段第一句说明任何国家都不想限制经济的发展,同时任何政客都想“有所作为”,他们的“作为”主要体现在经济的发展上,而不是在控制全球气温变化这个问题上,排除A;降低能源的消耗是可以在很大程度上减少对这一问题的加剧,但是这个与《京都议定书》的关系本段没涉及,排除C;D项国际间的合作会有助于这一问题的解决,实际上作者之所以说到《京都议定书》的签订,意在表明,即便是有这样的合作也没有对此问题的解决做出贡献,相反还加剧了,因为CO2的排放量较之以前增加约25%,排除。
5.B本题为主旨归纳题,由题干中的convey一词可以定位到文章倒数第二段conclusion一词,此处是作者得出结论之处,也就是撰写本文的意图。
作者第一段提出问题:
面对全球变暖,我们将无能为力。
第二段中作者谈到认识到这一问题并不代表找到解决方案,然后提出论点:
and―withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs―wecan’tdomuchaboutit(没有大的技术突破,我们仍将无能为力)。
第三段讲到全球变暖的原因:
人口增长和经济发展,并预测未来发展趋势。
第四段认为政府行为收效甚微。
第五和第六段重申论点:
theonlysolutionisnewtechnology(解决问题的唯一办法就是新技术)。
B项是对全文的高度概括,与作者论点相同。
A项是对文章最后一段第一句的曲解,排除;作者提到现在我们争论的焦点往往集中在这一问题的解决上,而没有提到这一争论会促进科技的进步,排除C;D项让我们抛弃某些物质的享受而阻止全球气温上升这一问题的发生,文章没涉及。
第3题:
Somedayastrangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscanthewebsitesyou’vevisited.OrperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcarpurchasesorcellphoneBillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.
Infact,it’slikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?
Itmightbeaspouse,agirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acopor
acriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen—the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked.
Psychologisttellusboundriesareheathly,thatit’simportanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(碎屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare,whereyoareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret.
Thekeyquestionis:
doesthatmatter?
FormanyAmericans,theanswerapparentlyis“no”.
WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis"slippingaway,andthatbothersme."
Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(收费站)toavoidusingtheEZ-Passsystemthatcantrackautomobilemovements.Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcquistihasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsurrenderpersonalinformationlikeSocialSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50-cents-offcoupon(优惠卷)。
Butprivacydoesmatter―atleastsometimes.It'slikehealth;Whenyouhaveit,youdon'tnotice