上海暑期英语七升八语法主题阅读之校园生活教师版.docx

上海暑期英语七升八语法主题阅读之校园生活教师版.docx

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上海暑期英语七升八语法主题阅读之校园生活教师版

精锐教育1对3辅导讲义

学员姓名：

学科教师：

年级：

七升八辅导科目：

英语

授课日期

2017年7月6日

时间

15:

00-17:

00

主题

主题阅读之校园生活

学习目标

1.在阅读中积累词汇短语及句型表达；培养学生理解和运用语言能力的基本方法；

2.理解文章的整体情感和文化背景,灵活迁移阅读信息到写作表达中去。

3.培养学生的阅读兴趣。

教学内容

【知识梳理1】回答问题解题方法和技巧

知识点1.回答问题考点分析：

1）细节与事实：

往往考查事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等。

2）结论或推论：

答案往往无所谓正确与错误之别，而是须读懂通篇文章，弄懂作者的写作要旨，按照文章的内容和逻辑关系，做出符合原文逻辑或主旨的结论或推论。

知识点2.回答问题解题方法：

1）客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。

在答题时要仔细核对原文，注意问题的人称、时态和语态与原文是否一致，如果答题时需要语言重组，则应尤为慎重。

2）开放性的问题源于文章，答题时不能天马行空，要符合逻辑。

语言不宜过于复杂，能说明观点即可。

【例题精讲】

MoreYouthUseSmartphonesAsRoutetoWeb

Keepcomputersinacommonareasoyoucanmonitorwhatyourkidsaredoing.It'salongstandingdirectiveforonlinesafety—butonethat'squicklybecomingmootasmoreyoungpeoplehavemobiledevices,oftenwithInternetaccess.

AnewreportfromthePewInternet&AmericanLifeProjectfindsthat78percentofyoungpeople,ages12to17,nowhavecellphones.Nearlyhalfofthosearesmartphones,asharethat'sincreasingsteadily—andthat'shavingabigeffectonhow,andwhere,manyyoungpeopleareaccessingtheWeb.

Thesurvey,releasedWednesday,findsthatoneinfouryoungpeoplesaytheyare"cell-mostly"Internetusers,apercentagethatincreasestoabouthalfwhenthephoneisasmartphone.Incomparison,just15percentofadultssaidtheyaccesstheInternetmostlybycellphone.

"It'sjustpartoflifenow,"saysDonaldConkey,ahighschoolsophomoreinWilmette,Ill.,justnorthofChicago,whoisamongthemanyteenswhohavesmartphones."Everyone'saboutthesamenowwhenitcomestotheirphones—they'reonthemalot."

Heandotherteenssaythatifyouaddupallthetimetheyspendusingappsandsearchingforinformation,textinganddownloadingmusicandvideos,they'reontheirphonesforatleastacouplehourseachday—andthattimeisonlyincreasing,

Accordingtothesurvey,olderteengirls,ages14to17,wereamongthemostlikelytosaytheirphonesweretheprimarywaytheyaccesstheWeb.Andwhileyoungpeopleinlow-incomehouseholdswerestillsomewhatlesslikelytousetheInternet,thosewhohadphoneswerejustaslikely—andinsomecases,morelikely—tousetheircellphonesasthemainwaytheyaccesstheWeb.

Itmeansthat,asthisyounggenerationof"mobilesurfers"growsandcomesofage,thewaycorporationsdobusinessandmarketersadvertisewillonlycontinuetoevolve,aswillthewaymobiledevicesaremonitored.

Already,manysmartphoneshaverestrictionmenusthatallowparentstoblockcertainphonefunctions,ormaturecontent.Cellphoneprovidershaveservicesthatallowparentstoseealotoftheirchildren'stexts.Andthereareagrowingnumberofsmartphoneapplicationsthatatleastclaimtogiveparentssomelevelofcontrolonaphone'sWebbrowser,thoughmanytechexpertsagreethattheseapplicationscanbehit-or-miss.

Despitetheabilitytomonitorsomephoneactivity,sometechandcommunicationexpertsquestionwhethersurveillance,alone,isthebestresponsetothetrend.

Someparentstakeahardlineonlimits.Others,notsomuch,saysMaryMadden,aseniorresearcheratPewwhoco-authoredthereport."Itseemsliketherearetwoextremes.Theparentswhoarereallylockingdownandmonitoringeverything—ortheoneswhoarethrowinguptheirhandsandsaying,'I'msooverwhelmed,'"Maddensays.

WORDBANK

a）monitorv.监督，监控

b）accessn.入口，接近v.使用，获取

c）evolvev.演变，发展

d）claimv声称

e）surveillancen.监督

【长难句解析】

Nearlyhalfofthosearesmartphones,asharethat'sincreasingsteadily—andthat'shavingabigeffectonhow,andwhere,manyyoungpeopleareaccessingtheWeb.

在该句中，ashare是nearlyhalfofthose的同位语，其后面带了两个定语从句，即“that'sincreasingsteadily”和“that'shavingabigeffecton…”,先关系代词that在定语从句中均作主语。

Answerthequestionsaccordingtothepassage.

1.Whyarecomputerskeptinacommonarea?

解析:

定位到文章第一段第一句，“Keepcomputersinacommonareasoyoucanmonitorwhatyourkidsaredoing.”此题答案为：

Becauseinthisway,youcanmonitorwhatyourkidsaredoing.

2.WhatdoteensoftendowiththeirsmartphonebesidesaccessingtheInternet?

解析：

定位到文章第五段，“Heandotherteenssaythatifyouaddupallthetimetheyspendusingappsandsearchingforinformation,textinganddownloadingmusicandvideos.”此题答案为：

Theyoftensearchforinformation,textanddownloadmusicandvideos.

3.WhatinfluenceswillthewayyoungpeopleaccesstheWebbring?

解析：

定位到文章第七段，“Itmeansthat,asthisyounggenerationof"mobilesurfers"growsandcomesofage,thewaycorporationsdobusinessandmarketersadvertisewillonlycontinuetoevolve,aswillthewaymobiledevicesaremonitored.”此题答案为：

Thewaycorporationsdobusinessandmarketersadvertisewillcontinuetoevolve.

4.Howcanparentsmonitortheirchildren’sphoneactivities?

解析：

定位到文章第八段，“Already,manysmartphoneshaverestrictionmenusthatallowparentstoblockcertainphonefunctions,ormaturecontent.Cellphoneprovidershaveservicesthatallowparentstoseealotoftheirchildren'stexts.”此题答案为：

Parentscanusetherestrictionmenustoblockcertainphonefunctionsormaturecontect,andseetheirchildren’stext.

5.Whatdoexpertsthinkofthemethodsprovidedtoparentstomonitortheirchildren’sphoneactivities?

解析：

定位到文章第九段，“Despitetheabilitytomonitorsomephoneactivity,sometechandcommunicationexpertsquestionwhethersurveillance,alone,isthebestresponsetothetrend。

”此题答案为：

Theexpertsthinkthatmorefactorsshouldberesponsibletothistrendbesidessurveillance.

【巩固练习】

Answerthequestions（根据短文内容回答下列问题）:

Englishisanimportantinternationallanguage,butthatdoesn’tmeanit’seasytolearn.ManyexpertshavetriedtomakeEnglisheasiertolearn—buttheyweren’talwayssuccessful.

In1930,ProfessorC.K.OgdenofCambridgeUniversityinventedBasicEnglish.Ithadonly850words（andjusteighteenverbs）andOgdensaidmostpeoplecouldlearnitinjustthirtyhours.TheproblemwasthatpeoplewholearnedBasicEnglishcouldwriteandsaysimplemessages,buttheycouldn’tunderstandtheanswersin‘real’English!

Itwasalsoimpossibletoexplainawordifitwasn’tintheBasicEnglishwordlist.R.E.Zachrisson,auniversityprofessorinSweden,decidedthatthebiggestproblemforlearnersofEnglishwasspelling,soheinventedalanguagewiththenameAnglic.AnglicwassimilartoEnglish,butwithmuchsimplerspelling.‘Father’became‘faadher’,‘new’became‘nue’and‘years’became‘yeerz’.Unluckily,Anglicneverbecamepopular.

IntheageofinternationalcommunicationthroughtheInternet,whoknowswhatwillhappen?

...anewformofEnglishmightappear.Alargenumberoftheworld’se-mailsareinEnglishandinclude（包括）examplesof‘NetLingo’likeOIC（Oh,Isee）andTTYL（Talktoyoulater）.Inanotherfiftyyears,Englishmightnotbeused.WemightallspeakfluentInternetish!

1.ManyexpertshavetriedtomakeEnglisheasiertolearn,haven’tthey?

2.WhoinventedBasicEnglishin1930?

3.HowlongcouldmostpeoplelearnBasicEnglishaccordingtoProfessorOgden?

4.WhatwasthebiggestproblemforlearnersofEnglishaccordingtoProfessorZachrisson?

5.WhatmighthappentoEnglishinanotherfiftyyears?

6.Whatdoyouthinkoftheexperts’ideasofmakingEnglisheasier?

Keys:

1.Yes,theyhave.

2.ProfessorCKOgden（ofCambridgeUniversity）.

3.Injust30hours.

4.Spelling.

5.Englishmightnotbeused.（WemightallspeakInternetish.）

6.（Anyreasonableanswersareacceptable.）

【知识梳理2】

知识点1.首字母解体技巧和方法

1）浅谈首字母阅读题型特征和能力培养：

通常来说，首字母阅读是初中生觉得难度最高的一类阅读，那么首字母到底考查我们什么能力呢？

其实，首字母考查我们在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文意思需要。

由于试题的首字母已给，所填的词就必须是该字母开头的单词。

其实，这既是一种限制，又是一种提示。

基于首字母阅读的题型特征，我们平时必须对以下几种能力给予提高：

a.词汇积累量与运用能力（基础）

b.句法结构分析能力（确定词性和词形）

c.语义语境分析能力（确定词义）

d.逻辑推断能力（确定词义）

e.前后文关键信息提取能力（更为准确确定词义）

知识点2.首字母阅读解题思路与技巧：

（五部曲）

a.词性的判断（句法结构、词性间搭配）

b.词义范围的判断（句意、文意）

c.关注句首句中连词与副词运用（主要是词性的准确判断）

d.脑海中搜索符合相关条件的考纲词汇（时间允许，可用首字母配对形式）

e.核查（名词单复数、动词时态三单、形容词级、固定搭配与文意）

知识点3.首字母中各类学生存在的能力分析：

a.基础差型：

词汇+句法+语义语境分析+逻辑推断+前后文信息提取+方法技巧运用+词形词义

b.基础较好型：

词汇+句法+语义语境分析+逻辑推断+前后文信息提取+方法技巧运用

c.基础优型：

词汇+句法+语义语境分析+逻辑推断+前后文信息提取+方法技巧运用

【例题精讲】

Fillintheblankstocompletethesummaryofthisarticle.

Inmanybigcitiesintheworld,theoveruseofcarsisthoughttobeoneofthemajorcausesofairpollution.Whatwillcarsbel___1___inthefuture?

Someexpertsthinkthattoday’scarsareintroubleb____2___theyusetoomuchpetrol（汽油）.Theysaythecarofthefuturewillbemuch,muchsmaller.Thecaroftomorrowwillbem___3__withoutamotororaircondition.Itwillhavenoradiosorlights.Tomorrow’scarwillbeano___4__aircarwithnodoorsorwindows.Itneedn’thaveapollutioncontrolsystembecauseitw___5___usepetrol.Infact,thisnewcarwillbepushedbythedriver’sfeet.Veryfewpeoplewillbekilledinaccidents,becausethetops____6__willbefivemilesperhour.However,wearealsowarnednottoaskforprettyc___7___,becausethecarswillcomeingreyonly.

Othercarexpertsdonotholdthesameidea.Theyares___8___thatthefuturewillbehappier.TheythinkthatallourproblemswillsoonbesolvedbycarcompanieswiththeproductionoftheSupercar.Tomorrow’scarwillbebigger,faster,andmorecomfortablethanb__9___.TheSupercarwillhavefourrooms,TVs,runningwater,heat,airconditioning,andmaybeaswimmingpool.Largefamilieswilltravelonl___10____tripscomfortably.Ifpetrolisinshortsupply,theSupercarwillrunonwater.

解析：

1.like，先把疑问句变成陈述句，likewhat介宾短语作表语“将来的车会是什么样子”。

注意like作介词放置be动词和look后的用法。

2.because,从句式分析可知，前后为两句话，由此可推断本空格处为连词，前后语义分析可知答案为because。

3made,由be动词用法可知，其后常跟多种词性作表语或跟过去分词表被动，从所在句分析可知，此题应该bedone被动语态，由意思可知为made。

4.open,敞篷车，露天的车openaircar。

5.won’t,主语和动词中间的三种可能，助动词、情态动词或副词，结合语义语境分析可知答案为won’t。

6.speed,缺主语，最高速度。

7.colo