环境资源的保护在经济学领域的重要作用.docx

环境资源的保护在经济学领域的重要作用.docx

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环境资源的保护在经济学领域的重要作用

环境资源的保护在经济学领域的重要作用（）

TheimportantroleofenvironmentalresourcesprotectioninthefieldofEconomics

Abstract]tosolvetheenvironmentalproblems,notonlythetechnology,butalsothemanagement.Thenationalenvironmentalpolicythrougheffectiveintervention,toreduceoreliminatetheenvironmentalandresourceeconomicscharacteristicsundertheconditionofpossibleParetooptimalrealizationofenvironmentalprotectionandenvironmentalprotection;ParetooptimalistheeconomicfoundationofenvironmentalprotectioninvestmentandfinancingofthemainGovernanceDivision,rationaldivisionofthemainpoweristhekeytoimprovetheefficiencyofinvestmentandfinancingofenvironmentalprotection.TheprincipleofChina'senvironmentalprotectioninvestmentandFinancingGovernanceDivisiontoenvironmentalprotectionParetooptimalandsustainabledevelopmentasthegoalis:

socialpublicgoodsbenefitmaximization,thepolluterpays,userspay,investorsbenefit.Weshouldrationallyselectthemeansofparticipationintheenvironmentalprotectionactivitiesofthegovernment,enterprisesandthepublicaswellasthecorrespondingdivisionofinvestmentandfinancingpower.

Environmentalproblemssuchasshortageofresources,environmentalpollutionandecologicaldestructionhaveincreasinglybecomeamajorchallengeintheprocessofhumanmodernization.

Environmentalprotectionisthefloorboardofallkindsofactionstakenbyhumanbeingstosolvetherealisticorpotentialenvironmentalproblems,coordinatetherelationshipbetweenmankindandenvironment,andguaranteethesustainabledevelopmentofeconomyandsociety.Thegoalofenvironmentalprotectionintheshortrunismainlytogetridoftheecologicalcrisisandenvironmentalcrisis.Inthelongrun,itistoachievesustainabledevelopmentofmankind.Policies,fundsandtechnologyareoftenconsideredasthebasicelementsofenvironmentalprotection.Whetheritistheformulationandimplementationofpolicyelements,ortheintroductionandinvestmentoffundsandtechnicalfactors,itmustbecarriedoutincombinationwiththecharacteristicsoftheenvironmentandresources,andonlyinthiswaycanitbemoreeffective.Themoststrikingfeatureofenvironmentalresourcesisitseconomiccharacteristicsdifferentfromthoseofgeneralresources.

First,theeconomiccharacteristicsofenvironmentalresourcesundertheconditionofmarketeconomy

ThemarketmechanismcaneffectivelyallocatethefactorsofproductionamongtheeconomicentitiessoastorealizetheParetooptimality.

Afteryearsofefforts,Chinahasinitiallyestablishedtheframeworkofthesocialistmarketeconomicsystem.Theenvironmentalprotectionmeasuresarealsoconstantlyimprovedandimproved,butanenvironmentalprotectionmechanismadaptedtothemarketeconomyhasnotyetbeenestablished,andtheParetooptimalityofenvironmentalprotectionhasnotyetbeenachieved.Thisismainlybecauseofenvironmentalproblems,relatedtoenvironmentalprotectionandenvironmentalresources,environmentalproductsandenvironmentalinformationeconomicshascharacteristicsdifferentfromgeneralresources,needtoinnovateonthemarketmechanismoftheconceptandsystemofenvironmentalprotection.Publicityofenvironmentalresources.Environmentalresourcesareinseparable,propertyrightsaredifficulttodefineordefine,andthecostisveryhigh.Theyoftenbelongtopublicgoodsorhavecertainpublicity.Therefore,usersoftendonotconsiderthepublicnatureofenvironmentalresourcesandthewillofsocietyasawhole,anddevelopandutilizethemwithoutrestraint.Ultimately,environmentalresourcesarelikelytobecomescarce.

Inenvironmentalresources,theultimateoutcomeofeveryone'spursuitofmaximumbenefitleadseveryonetosuffer.Thisisthefamous"TheofragedytheCommonsT"ineconomics.Lackofmarketenvironmentresources.Lackofenvironmentalresources,themarketisduetoenvironmentalandresourcepricedistortions,resultingintheenvironment,resources,marketsdonotexistorbasicallynotdeveloped.

Manyenvironmentalresourcesareoverusedbecauseofzeroprice,andareincreasinglyscarce,suchaspublicranchesandairresources.Thepriceofsomeenvironmentalresourcesisverylow,whichreflectsthelaborandcapitalcostssimply,butdoesnotreflecttheopportunitycostoftheenvironmentalresourcesinproduction.Whenthepricecannotreflecttherealvalueofenvironmentalresources,theregulatoryfunctionoftheenvironmentandresourcesmarketwillbeinvalid,resultinginaseriouswasteofenvironmentalresources.Forexample,whencalculatingtimbercosts,theyoftencalculatetheusevalueandlaborvalueofthetimberitself,withoutconsideringtheopportunitycostoftimberplayinganimportantroleintheecosystem.Inthisway,seriousdistortionoftimberpriceswillinevitablyleadtoseriousdeforestation.Naturalmonopolyofenvironmentalresourcesismoreserious.Althoughnaturalmonopolyofenvironmentalresourcescanachievecertainscalebenefits,butbecausethereisnocompetition,itwilleasilyleadtomarketefficiencylosses.

Suchaswater,gasandothernaturalresourcesproductionoftenrequiresonlyafirmtocarryout,becausetheseindustrieshavemademonopoly,leadtoenvironmentalresourcesdevelopmentandproductionafterthepriceistoohigh,theservicequalityislow,inexchangeforshort-termprivateprofitsoftenattheexpenseoftheecologicalenvironmentatthecostof.Theuncertaintyornonexistenceofthepropertyrightofenvironmentalresources.Propertyrightsareexclusive,limited,transactionalanddecomposable.Thepropertyrightsystemhasthefunctionofreducinguncertainty,internalizingexternaleffects,encouragingandrestrictingtheeconomicentities,effectivelyallocatingresourcesandeffectivelyallocatingincome.Asenvironmentalresourcesareakindofpublicgoodswithstrongdegree,itdoesnothavethecharacteristicsofgeneralpropertyrights,andthefunctionofpropertyrightssystemisrestrictedgreatly.

Inmanycases,thepropertyrightsofenvironmentalresourcesareambiguousandnonexistent,whichmakestheenvironmentalproblemsbecomeincreasinglyserious.Forexample,mostofthecountry'srivers,air,virginforests,highseasandotherpropertyrightsareunclearandnonexistent.Thedirectresultistheuncontrolleddischargeofsewage,badairquality,rapidreductionofforestarea,andhighseasresources.Externalitiesofenvironmentalproducts.Ontheroleofhumaneconomicsystemisthenaturalenvironmentsystemofakindofbehavior,isakindofproduct,asaproduct,itcanbecalledthehumanroleintheenvironment,includingpollutionoftheenvironmentandprotecttheenvironment,referredtoasenvironmentalproducts.Environmentalproductsaremostlypublicgoodsandquasipublicgoods,andthereareobviousexternalities,whicharemanifestedaspositiveexternalitiesandnegativeexternalities.Therefore,theproductionofenvironmentalproductsisverydifferentfromtheproductionofgeneralproducts.Mainlyfortheproductionenvironment,theprivateandsocialcostsofproducts,privatebenefitsandsocialbenefitsinconsistent.Privatecostreferstothecostofproducingorconsuminganarticle,whichtheproducerorconsumermustpayforhimself.Whensocialcostsaretoproduceorconsumeanarticle,thewholesocietymustpayforit.

Inthemarketeconomy,theprivatecostofmostproductsisequaltothesocialcost,andthereisnoexternalityinthisproduct.However,forenvironmentalproducts,privatecostsareoftennotequaltosocialcosts,whichwillleadtoanexternalcostandexternalbenefits.Externalcostistherootofnegativeexternalities.Itreferstotheproductionorconsumptionofsomething,

Inadditiontothecostsincurredbytheproducerorconsumer,therestofthecostsbornebyothersinthecommunity,suchasenvironmentalpollution,areatypicalnegativeexternalityofexternalcosts.

Theexternalbenefitistherootofthepositiveexternalitiesgenerated,itreferstotheproductionorconsumptionofcertainitems,inadditiontotheproducersorconsumerstoenjoythebenefits,therestofsocietyandthereforeenjoythebenefits,suchasecologicalenvironmentconstructionisakindoftypicalexternalrevenueexiststhepositiveexternalityofbehavior.Theexistenceofexternalbenefitleadstothe"freerider"behaviorineconomics.Thescarcityandasymmetryofenvironmentalinformation.Informationplaysanimportantroleinthemarketeconomy.Environmentalinformationisoneoftheimportantelementsintheenvironmentalsystem.Thescarcityofenvironmentalinformationdependsonthehighcostofobtainingit.Thehighnatureofenvironmentalinformationislargelydueto:

（1）insufficientinformationsupply.Theenvironmentsystemislikea"blackbox",andhumanunderstandingofitisverylimited.Comparedwithhuman'sdemandforenvironmentalinformation,thesupplyofinformationisinsufficient.

（2）theexistenceof"informationblockade".Becauseoftheenvironmentalinformationoncethepublicbecomespublicgoods,thenpartoftheinformationconsumptioncannotberuledoutanotherpartoftheconsumer,inordertoensuretheirinformationadvantage,themostrationalchoiceistoimplementtheinformationblockade.Atthesametime,environmentalinformationisasymmetric.

Thisismainlyduetothepublicnatureofenvironmentalinformationandthetendencyofopportunisticbehaviorofhumanbeings.Usuallytheproductionsuchaspollutionharmandprocess,productiontechnology,pollutionstatusandpollutionthantheunderstandingbythepollutionandthegovernmentmore,butbythet