美语发音视频教育教案完整编辑版记录材料.docx
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美语发音视频教育教案完整编辑版记录材料
PronunciationWorkshop
Instructor:
PaulGruber
Introduction:
(01:
17-02:
27)
WhenyoulearnedEnglishasasecondlanguage,youkeptmanyofthesoundsandspeechrulesfromyourfirstlanguageandyouwerecontinuingtousethemwhenyouspeakEnglish.Thisiswhatgivesyouanaccent. YouwereusingthesoundsandspeechrulesfromyournativelanguageinsteadofthesoundsandspeechrulesofEnglish.Thisprogramwill showyouandtrainyouonhowtousethesesoundsandspeechrulescorrectlyandshowingyouhowtocorrectlyformnewsoundsbychangingthepositionofyourtongueorchangingtheshapeofyourlips.Thesesmallchangesaregoingtomakeverybigchangesinyourspeech.
HowtoPractice(02:
35-03:
15)
Speakslowly
UseaLoudVoice
ExaggerateYourMouthMovements
Whatwouldyoubedoingisretrainingthemusclesofyourmouthinyourtonguetomoveinnewways,whichwillproduceanewpronunciationpatterns. Thesenewspeechpatternswillslowlyandeventuallyinvolveintoyourownspontaneousfastspeech,butitisimportantthatyoustartoutgoingveryslow.
TheKeytoSuccess(03:
15-05:
15)
Beingawareofyourerrors
Recognizingmistakeswhenyouhearthem
WhenmostAmericansspeakyouwillnoticethatweseemtoopenourmouthalotandthereisagreatamountofmouthmovements.
Arrangementofthisprogram(05:
15-05:
45)
Duringthecourseofthisprogram,Iwillbeginbyaddressingconsonantsoundsandthenlateronwe’llworkwithvowelsounds.Nowvowelsounds,asyouknow,areAEIOandU,likeahh,ohh,eee,ehh,ihhandooo.Andconsonantsoundsarebasicallyalltheotherletters’sounds,likeb,ch,s,t,f,g,sh,wandofcourse,therearemanymanymoresounds.
SessionOne(05:
55-22:
34)
1.ConsonantR
2.ConsonantW
RTips(07:
07-09:
00)
MouthandlipscometightlyforwardasifyouwouldbesayingtheOOsound.
Tonguemovesback.
Nowonewayofcheckingifyou’redoingthiscorrectlywithyourtongueisbyactuallyputtingyourfingeraroundaninchintoyourmouthwhilesayinganRsound.
Youshouldbeabletotakethetipofyourfingerandfeelthetipofyourtongue.
Practice (09:
00-12:
34)
Ratthebeginningofwords(likeRockRain)
Bringingyourmouthforwardandpullingyourtongueback.
Rattheendofwordsorafteravowel(likeCarFarAirPoor)
Yourtonguehastapullback andalsoyourlipsclosealittlebitinthefront. TheRneedstobeverystrongandyouneedtoclosetheword.
Rinthemiddleofwords(likeVeryArrangeEveryone)
Yourtongueisbackandyourlipsarecomingallthewayforward.
RBlends (12:
34-14:
10)
The‘R’isalwaysthestrongestsoundoftheblend.
Yourlipscomeforwardbeforeyouevensaytheword.
Whentheblendisatthebeginningofaword,yourmouthpreparesfortheR,bycomingforwardbeforeyouevensaytheword.
Rblendsatthebeginningofwords(TrainingTrust)
Rblendsinthemiddleofwords(SubtractWaitress)
WTips(similartoR)(15:
34-17:
42)
PracticefirstwithOO.
ThengointoOOOOOWAWAWA.
Remember,AWisalwaysmakesaWsound.ItNEVERmakesaVsound.
Remember,theWsoundisalsoatthebeginningofthewords Oneand Once.
Practice (17:
43-19:
24)
Watthebeginningofwords(likeWhyWhich)
Winthemiddleofwords(likeAlwaysAway)
Don’tforgettobringyourmouthforwardatthebeginningofeachword.
Qsounds(Q=KW) (19:
24-20:
18)
Forexample,thewordQuickispronouncedwiththeKandthestrongWsound.KWICK,likethat.
SessionTwo (22:
50-44:
25)
1.Voicing
2.Consonantpairs
3.ConsonantS
4.ConsonantZVoicing
Voicing iswhenyourvocalcordsarevibratinginyourthroat,producingasound.Allvowelsarevoiced.Someconsonantsarevoiced,somearenot.(24:
35-26:
23)
PairedConsonants:
(26:
23-29:
11)
P&B T&D F&V SH&ZSH K&G S&Z
ConsonantS&ConsonantZ:
(29:
11-30:
00)
TheSconsonant,madewiththeairgoingthroughyourfrontteeth./s/ theSsoundisunvoiced.Youjustaddvoicing.WhatwouldtheSsoundbecome/s/---/z/.ItwillbecomeaZsound/z/.SoShasnovoicing/s/,Zhasvoicing/z/.SowesaytheSsoundandZsoundarealsoPairConsonants.AndthisbringsustowhatIwouldliketocovertoday---Ssounds/s/,Zsounds/z/andhowtheyworkintermsofwordendings.
ThreerulesforS&Zendings (30:
11-38:
27)
Rule1
Ifthelastsoundinawordisunvoiced,andyou’readdinganS,well,thentheSremainsunvoiced,too.
Examples:
1cup,2cups(thepincupisunvoiced,soyoujustaddanunvoiceds)
Ibreak,hebreaks
Rule2
Ifawordendsinanyofthesesounds:
s,z,sh,ch,ordg(j),whenaddinganSending,add IZZZZZZ
Examples:
1Page2Pages
I Raise,He Raises
Rule3
Ifawordendsina vowelsound (likethewordTree)ora voicedconsonant (likethewordGame),thenwhenyouaddanS,continuethevoicingthroughouttheentireword,anditshouldbecomeavoiced ZZZZ.
Examples:
1Tree,2Treezzzz(correctlyspelledTrees)
1Day,2Days
IFly,HeFlies
SomecommonwordswhereS’sarepronouncedasZ’s (38:
27-39:
50)
Is His As Was These Those Easy Because
SessionThree (44:
41-61:
15)
1.TheUnvoicedTHSound
2.TheVoicedTHSound
3.THRBlends
4.VoicingtheTSound
TheUnvoicedTHSound (46:
55-49:
53)
Flattongueprotrudingthroughyourteeth.Maintainasteadyairstream.StretchouttheTHsound.
Example:
ThinkofthewordThumbashavingtwobeats
Th.umb
1 2
UnvoicedTHatthebeginningofwords(ThanksThick)
UnvoicedTHatthemiddleofwords(AnythingBathmat)
UnvoicedTHattheendofwords(BathNorth)
TheVoicedTHSound (49:
53-53:
05)
TomakeavoicedTHsound[ð],youjustneedtoaddvoicingtotheunvoicedthsound.There’sthevoicedTH.Youshouldbeabletofeelthestrongvibrationinyourthroatandonyourtongue[ð].
VoicedTHatthebeginningofwords(TheThat)
VoicedTHinthemiddleofwords(ClothingMother)
VoicedTHattheendofwords(SmoothBathe)
THRBlends:
thecombinationofTHsoundandtheRsound (55:
18-56:
30)
BeawarethattheRisthestrongestsoundoftheblendandit’slouderthantheTH. SowhenyousayawordwhichbeginswithTHR.FirstmaketheTHsoundandthenstronglypushouttheR.(Threadthrow)
THExceptions (58:
20-60:
47)
Althoughthefollowingwordsarespelledwitha‘TH’,theyarepronouncedasaT.
ThomasThompsonTheresaThailandThamesEstherThyme
VoicingtheTSound
IfaTfallswithintwovoicedsounds(usuallyvowels),theTbecomesvoicedlikeaD.
Examples:
WaterWader(thewholewordisvoiced)
BetterBedder ButterBudder
VoicedTPractice
Bettybought abit ofbetterbutter.But,saidshe,thisbutter’sbitter.IfIput it inmybatter,it’llmakemybatterbitter.
SessionFour(61:
28-80:
21)
1.Consonant‘F’
2.Consonant‘V’
3.TheUnvoiced‘SH’Sound
4.TheVoiced‘SH’Sound
ConsonantsFandV (62:
40-63:
39)
ConsonantsFandVareproducedwithcontactofyourupperteethandlowerlip.Thinkofitasbitingyourlowerlip.Maintainasteadyairstream.
Theyarebothidentical,excepttheFisunvoiced,andtheVisvoiced.
FsandVsarefrictionsoundsandnotthatloud.Sowestretchthesesoundsoutalittlebit,sotheycanbeclearlyheard.
PracticeFandV (63:
40-72:
46)
TheOFException
NOTOF.BUTOV.
TheUnvoicedSHSound (72:
48-73:
36)
TomaketheUnvoicedSHsound,bringyourmouthandlipsforward,teethshouldbeslightlyapart.Produceairstream.WordsbeginningwithSHbeginwiththissound.(SoarethewordsSugar,Sure,ChefandChicago.)
SHpractice (73:
36-76:
29)
TheVoicedSHSound[ʒ] (76:
29-77:
00)
TheVoicedSHsoundisexactlyliketheSHexceptvoicingisadded.Toproducethissound,firstmakea[ʃ]soundandthenyouaddvoicing[ʃ]--[ ʒ]-,likethat.[ʒ].Now,forsomepeoplethismaytakealittlebitofpractice,youshouldfeelthevibrationsrighthereinyourthroat[ʒ].
SHpractice(77:
00-78:
31)
Usual(U→zshu→al) PutyourhandonyourthroatandfeelforthevibrationinthesecondsyllableU-ZSHU-AL.
SessionFive (80:
25-93:
20)
1.ConsonantL
LTips:
(81:
05-83:
05)
Yourbottomjawshouldbedownandyourmouthshouldbewideopen.
YourtongueshouldRISEUP(independentlyofyourjaw)andtouchrightbehindyourtopteeth.
Producethe‘L’soundbydroppingandrelaxingyourtongue.
Practice“LA,LA,LA”,keepingyourbottomjawloweredandopenwhileonlyraisingyourtongue.
Practice(83:
05-87:
48)
ToproduceanLattheendofaword,remembertoslowlyraiseyourtongueupward,towardsyourupperteeth,whilekeepingyourbottomjawasopenaspossible.TheLsoundcomesfromthetonguemovement,notfromtheplacement.
(Usingyourfingertopushdownonyourbottomteethtokeepyourjawopen,maybehelpfulforpracticing.)
FLBlend(87:
48-89:
05)
Herewe’recombiningtwosoundsthatwehavealreadycovered.TheFsoundandnowtheLsound.Don’tforgettofirstbiteyourlipsforthatF/f/,likethatandthenquicklypushyourtongueupandagainstyourteethfortheLtocreattheFLblendFly
ComparingRandL(90:
52-92:
12)
Keepinmindwhenyou’reproducinganL,yourtonguemovesforwardandupbehindyourtip.Whenyou’reproducinganRsound,yourlipsmoveforwardbutyourtonguemovesallthewayback.Basically,theLandtheRarecompletelyoppositesounds.
LandRCombinations(92:
12-93:
02)
ThesewordsandphraseshavinganLsoundandanRsoundrightnexttoeachother.ThisforcesyoutomakeaclearLandthenrollitrightintoastrongR.
Example:
Sealring
SessionSix(93:
30-106:
35)
1.WordEndings
OftenpeoplewhospeakEnglishasasecondlanguagedroptheendingsorfinalsoundsofftheirwords,well,theydonotpronuncethefinalsoundscorrectly.
Makesurethatthefinalsoundsinyourwordscomethroug