卫生类职称英语教材阅读理解新增文章.docx

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卫生类职称英语教材阅读理解新增文章.docx

卫生类职称英语教材阅读理解新增文章

2011年卫生类教材阅读理解题新增文章:

  第三篇

CookingOilFumesCauseTumor

  Theleadingcauseoflungcanceramongwomeninthecitywascookingoilfumeswhilemenaremorelikelytodevelopthediseasefromsmoking,saidmedicalexpertsafterafive-yearresearchstudy.

  Doctorsannouncedtheresultsyesterdaywithanalysisonsomenewtendenciesinlungcancer.Theysaidpatientsareyounger,especiallywomen.

  AccordingtotheShanghaiTumorresearchInstitute,morelocalresidentsdieoflungcancerinthecitythananythingelse.Followingbreastcancer,ithasthesecond-highestincidencerate.

  “Anunhealthylifestyleisaveryimportantreasonforlungcancer,”saidDrHeYuminfromShanghaiMinshenTraditionalChineseMedicineTumorDiagnosisandTreatmentCenter.

  Hefollowed2,276lungcancerpatientsforfiveyears.Amongthem,1,483weremale.

  Smokingcauses70percentofcasesamongmenwhileonly18percentoffemalepatientsdevelopedcancerfromsmokingorinhalingsecond-handsmoke,accordingtothereport.

  However,morethan60percentofwomenwiththediseasehadlongterm,closecontactwithstrongoilfumesfromcookingandcomplainedaboutlirritatedeyesandthroat.

  About32percentofwomenfriedfoodsinboilingoilinunventilatedkitchensandabout25percentofwomen’sbedroomswereadjacentto2thekitchen.

  However,localwomenweresurprisedtolearncookingoilfumescouldleadtocancer.Someclaimedtheymaychangefoodpreparationmethods.

  “UnlessmyfamilyandIdon’teatathomeeveryday,Imuststayinthekitchentocook,”saidXuLi.a45-year-oldlocalwoman.“Iknowthefumesarebadfortheskin,butitisthefirsttimeIheardthatitcanresultinlungcancer.Ihavealreadystartedfryingless.’’

  Doctorssaidwomen’slungcancerhadfewlinkstopersonalhealthandphysicalcondition,butwascloselyrelatedtofamilycancerhistory,unhealthydietaryhabitsandweakimmunesystems.

  OtherexpertsagreedwithHe.3

  “Smokingisbyfarthebiggestcause4oflungcancerformen,”saidDrTanBinyong,honorarypresidentoftheRespiratoryDiseaseInstituteatFudanUniversity’sMedicalCollege.“It’struethatsecond-handsmokeandcookingfumesarethemaincausesamongwomen.”

  He’sresearchalsowarnedpeoplenottostandnearofstallsselling5friedfoodsduetothepoorqualityofoilsused.

  Thechanceofcatchinglungcanceristhreetimeshigherifexposedtothefumeforalongtime,6expertssaid.

  词汇:

  fumen.烟,气,汽fryv.油炸,油煎

  tumor(=tumour)n.肿瘤unventilatedvt.使不通风

  cancern.癌瘤adjacentadj.临近的

  breast/brest/n.****,胸dietaryadj饮食的

  incidencen.发生(率)immuneadj免疫的

  diagnosisn.诊断honoraryadj.名誉上的;荣誉的

  inhalev.吸人respiratoryadj.呼吸的

  irritatevt.使疼痛,刺激stalln.货摊

  注释:

  plain原意是“抱怨,诉苦”,但医学上常用complainabout或complainof表示“主诉"。

  2.aajacentto:

与……相毗邻,临近……(地方)

  3.OtherexpertsagreedwithHe.其他专家同意何医生的意见。

agreewithsb:

同意某人的意见。

agreewithsth:

同意什么东西。

agreetodosth:

同意做什么事情。

  4.byfarthebiggestcause:

最最大的原因。

byfar是用来做形容词最高级thebiggest的状语,对形容词最高级起强调作用。

本来形容词最高级就已经是最高了,可是说话的人还要对它再强调出来,所以就相当汉语的“最最……"的意思。

  5.…warnedpeoplenottostandnearofstallsselling…:

警告人们不要站在卖……的货摊附近。

也可以说成“...warnedpeopleoffstallsselling.…”。

  6.…ifexposedtothefumeforalongtime...…·如果长时间接触这种烟的话。

exposesb.tosth.原意是“使……(人)暴露于……(物)”,但医学文献中常常用来表达“接触到……(物)”的意思。

此处if引导的条件状语从句相当于“ifoneisexposedtothefumeforalongtime”。

  练习:

  1.Whatanewtendencyinlungcancerisconcludedbytheresearchers?

  AMenaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanwomen.

  BWomenaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanmen.

  CPatientswithlungcancerbecomeolder,especiallymales.

  DPatientswithlungcancerbecomeyounger,especiallyfemales.

  2.WhichofthefollowingdiseasesisthemostcommonamongthelocalresidentsinShanghai?

  AHeartdisease.BBreastcancer.

  CInfectiousdiseases.DLungcancer.

  3.Whatsymptomsmaybecomplmnedofbymostwomenwithlungcancerafterlongterm.close

  contactwithcookingoilfumes?

  AIrritatedeyesandthroat.BSeverepaininbothlungs.

  CContinuouscoughandheadache.DDifficultyinbreathing.

  4.Whatwasthelocalwomen’sreactionwhentheylearnedthatcookingoilfumescouldleadtocancer?

  AHappy.BSurprised.

  CAngry.DCareless.

  5.Whichofthefollowinghasrelativelylittleconnectionwithwomen’slungcancer?

  AFamilycancerhistory.BUnhealthydietaryhabits.

  CWeakimmunesystems.DPersonalhealthandphysicalcondition.

  答案与题解:

  1.D文章第二段明确提到,肺癌的新趋势就是“病人更年轻,尤其是妇女”。

  2.B文章第三段说到,“肺癌排在乳腺癌之后,发病率第二高”,可见乳腺癌才是最常见的疾病。

  3.A文章第七段说到,“60%以上患肺癌的妇女都长期接触厨房油烟并主诉眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受”。

  4.B文章倒数第七段明确说到,“当妇女们知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶"。

  5.D回答此题时,首先要注意倒数第五段中的两处文字,即hadfewlinksto…和wascloselyrelatedto…,其中linkto意为connectionwith,而relateto则意为connectwith,都是“联系”的意思,只是few和closely的差别却很大。

few和little一样,都是具有否定意义的词,意为“很少,几乎没有",只是后面的名词分别为可数名词和不可数名词而已;它们与afew和alittle不同,afew和alittle具有肯定意义,意为“有几个”和“有一点”,后面的名词同样分别为可数名词和不可数名词。

如果这一点明白了,也就很容易回答这道题了

  第十八篇

ExerciseCanReplaceInsulinforElderlyDiabetics

  Mostolderpeoplewithso-calledtypeⅡdiabetescouldstoptakinginsuliniftheywoulddobriskexercisefor30minutesiustthreetimesaweek,accordingtonewmedicalresearchresultsreportedintheCopenhagennewspaperBerlingskeTidendeonMonday.

  ResultsfromtestsconductedondiabeticsattheCopenhagenCentralHospitalRigshospitalet’sCenterforMuscleResearchshowedthatphysicalexercisecanboostthebody’sabilitytoutiliseinsulinby30percent,thenewspaperreported.

  Thisisequalto1theeffectmostelderlydiabeticsgetfromtheirinsulinmedicationtoday,itsaid.

  Researchershadagroupofnon-diabeticmenandagroupofmenwithtypeII,allmorethan60yearsofage,exerciseonbicyclessixtimesaweekforthreemonths.Afterthethreemonthsthedoctorsmeasuredhowmuchsugarthetestsubjects’musclescouldutiliseasameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked.2

  AssociateProfessor3Dr.HemmingDelaoftheMuscleResearchCentersaidthetestsdemonstratedthattheexercisingdiabeticshadjustashighinsulinutilisationasthehealthvnon-exercisingpersons.

  “Thismeansthattheinsulinworksjustaswellforbothgroups.Physicalexercisecannotcurepeopleofdiabetes,4butitcaneliminatealmostalltheirsymptoms.Atthesametimeitcanputoff5thepointatwhichtheyhavetobegintakinginsulinorperhapscompletelyavoidinsulintreatment,”Delawasquotedassaying.6

  Insulinisahormoneproducedbythepancreas,controllingsugarinthebodyandusedagainstdiabetes.

  Delasaidthattoachievethedesiredeffectdiabeticsneedonlyexercisetothepointwheretheybegintoworkup7asweat,butthattheactivityhastobemaintainedsinceitwearsoff8afterfivedayswithoutsufficientexercise.

  Mostdiabeticsrealisethattheyhavetowatchtheirdietwhileremainingunawareof9theimportanceofexercise,Delaadded.

  词汇:

  Insulinn.胰岛素utilise(=utilize)vt.利用,使用

  diabeticadj.(患)糖尿病的;n.糖尿病患者medicationn.药物,药物治疗

  subjectn.实验对象

  diabetesn.糖尿病;多尿症utilisation(=utilization)n.利用,使用

  briskadj.轻快的;活泼的,活跃的

  Copenhagenn.哥本哈根(丹麦首都)sayingn.格言

  hormonen.激素

  musclen.肌肉pancreasn.胰(腺)

  注释:

  1.beequalto:

等于

  2.asameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked:

作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。

从语法上分析,how引起的从句是for这个介词的宾语从句。

  3.associateprofessor:

副教授

  4.…cannotcurepeopleofdiabetes:

不能治好人们的糖尿病。

curesb.ofsth.:

给某人医治某病。

例如:

Thismedicineshouldcureyouofyourcold.这药准能治好你的感冒。

  5.putoff:

推迟,延期

  6.Delawasquotedassaying:

Dela的话像格言一样被人们所引用。

注意谓语是被动语态。

  7.workup:

逐步引起,激起

  8.wearoff:

逐渐消失

  9.(be)unawareofsth.:

不知道,没觉察

  练习:

  1.HowcouldmostelderlytypeIIdiabeticsstoptakinginsulin?

  ABytakingmoresalt.thanusual.

  BBytakinglesssaltthanusual.

  CBydoingbriskexerciseforhalfanhouratleastthreetimesaweek.

  DBygoingclimbing,swimmingorboxingeveryday.

  2.Physicalexercisemayincreasethebodyabilitytoutiliseinsulinbv

  A70percent.B30percent.

  C60percent.Donlyafewpercent.

  3.ThesubjectsoftheresearchtestsconductedattheCopenhagenCentralHospitalincluded

  Aelderlynon-diabeticmen.BelderlytypeIIdiabeticmen.

  Cbothsexesofallages.DbothAandB.

  4.Towhatadegreehavediebeticstoexerciseinordertoachievethedesiredeffect?

  ATothedegreewheretheybegintosweat.

  BTothedegreewheretheyfeelexhausted.

  CTothepointwhentheyfeelthirsty.

  DTothepointwhentheyhavetotakeinsulin.

  5.AccordingtoDela,amongmostdiabeticstheimportanceofexerciseistheimportanceofwatchingtheirdiet.

  AaspoorlyunderstoodasBaswellunderstoodas

  ClessunderstoodthanDbetterunderstoodthan

  答案与题解:

  1.C文章一开始就有此问题的明确答案。

至于吃多少盐或者从事其他剧烈运动文章自始至终都没有提到。

  2.B文章第二段说到,体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的能力提高30%。

  3.D此题答案在文章第四段,实验对象既有II型糖尿病患者,也有健康人,而且都是60岁以上的男人。

  4.A文章倒数第二段说到,体育锻炼只要达到出汗的程度就能起作用。

  5.C最后一段明确说到,大多数糖尿病患者知道必须注意饮食,但却并不知道体育锻炼的重要性

  第二十四篇

PreventingChildMaltreatment

  Childmaltreatmentisaglobalproblemwithseriouslife-longconsequences.Therearenoreliableglobalestimatesfortheprevalenceofchildmaltreatment.Dataformanycountries,especiallylow-andmiddle-incomecountries,arelacking.

  Childmaltreatmentiscomplexanddifficulttostudy.Currentestimatesvarywidelydependingonthecountryandthemethodofresearchused.Nonetheless.internationalstudiesrevealthatapproximately20%ofwomenand5-10%ofmenreportbeingsexuallyabusedaschildren,while25-50%ofallchildrenreportbeingphysicallyabused.Additionally,manychildrenaresubjectto1emotionalabuse(sometimesreferredtoas2psychologicalabuse).

  Everyyear,thereareanestimated31,000homicidedeathsinchildrenunder15.Thisnumberunderestimatesthetrueextentoftheproblem,a

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