徐汇东南数理化英语解题技巧联系.docx
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徐汇东南数理化英语解题技巧联系
中考英语首字母填空解题技巧及练习
Step1：
掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。
通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。
词性正确是答案正确的前提。
（1）对主语的判断
1._______arehelpfultostudents.（teach）
2._______ismoreimportanttomethanmoney.（healthy）
3.Somefamous_______aregoingtogivelecturesinouruniversityinAugust.（science）
4._______ismyfavoritesport.（fish）
5._______stampsismyhobby.（collect）
分析：
以上练习中，所填的词均为句子的主语。
主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（1-３）；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或动名词（４-５）。
此外，形容词前加the以及带连词的句子也可作主语。
例如：
Thericharenotalwayshappy.句中therich指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。
WhatIwantedwasjustyourhelp.句中WhatIwanted是一个带有连词what的句子，因此也可以作主语。
（2）对谓语的判断
Johnwasstandingonthestepofahouse.Anoldwomanc________overtohim.“Myboy,”shea_____,“Isyourfatherathome?
”“Yes,”a_______John.Thewomanb________ringingthebell.Sherangandrang,buttherewasnoanswer.Atlastshet_____backtoJohnands______angrily,“Didn’tyous______thatyourfatherwasathome?
”“Idid”,answeredJohn,“butthisi_______myhouse.”
分析：
语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词。
谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，而且在句子中不能缺。
当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或两个以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。
平时练习和周练中，我经常让学生做些“用动词的适当形式填空”练习，有助于对动词形式的判断。
（3）对宾语的判断
1.Mr.Chenwassurprisedtoseethefast________inShanghaiafterhislongabsencefromthecity.（develop）
2.Thefrontisingreatneedofmedical_____.（work）
3.Thankyouforyour_______.（kind）
4.Atlasthesoldhis______.（invent）
分析：
宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。
宾语的词性同和主语的词性一样，单是如果代词作宾语时就必须用其宾格。
（4）对表语的判断
1.Itis______foranordinaryplanetoflytothemoon.（possible）
2.Thesickmanisgetting______.（ill）
3.Patrickisgoingtobea（n）______whenhegrowsup.（engine）
4.Suchcoldweatherisquite_____inJuneandpeoplehavetowearwarmclothesagain（usually）
5.It’sa______tohaveapicnicwithallthemembers.（please）
分析：
表语是连系动词后接的成分。
词性主要为形容词，名词,介词短语。
如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。
（5）对定语的判断
1.The_______examsusuallytakeplaceattheendofJune.（finally）
2.Ona_____night,youcanseethousandsofstarsinthesky.（clearly）
3.In______weather,theoldhadbetterstayathome.（freeze）
4.TheFrenchartistsaid,“Itismy_____timetovisitShanghai.Ilovethiscitysomuch.（one）
5.Mostpeopledon’tlike________food.（freeze）
6.Whoisyour________teacher?
（chemical）
分析:
定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。
词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。
名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。
如：
stampshow/physicsteacher。
如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。
（6）对状语的判断
1.TheoldladycouldhardlybelievethatshehadgotthetravelpasstoHongKongso______（easy）
2.Watch______,andyouwillfindthedifferencebetweenthetwopictures.（care）
3.Afterflyinginthestormfornearlyonehour,thehelicopterlanded______atlast.（safe）
分析：
状语是说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件和伴随情况的成分。
词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语。
如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。
（7）对连词的判断
1.Workharder,__________you’llmakegreatprogressinEnglish.
2.Myjobistoprotecttheinnocent__________findtheguilty.
3.__________you__________hecangotothecinema,butyoucannotgotogetherbecauseIhaveonlyoneticket.
4.Canyoutellme_________youarefrom?
5.I’llgiveyouacall__________IgettoJapan.
分析：
在英语中,并列连词and,but,or,so,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor,aswellas,both…and等连接并列的词,词组和句子;而从属连词则连接主句与从句。
Step2：
在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”，有利于提高对句子成分的判断能力。
熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。
Step3：
锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力。
Exercise:
Guessthemissingword.
1.________arehelpfultostudents.
2._______arehelpfultostudents.Theygivethemknowledge.
3.________arehelpfultostudents.Inclasstheyteachthemknowledgeandafter
classtheycareforthemlikeparents.
4._______arehelpfultostudents.Theykeepthemhealthy.
Step4：
对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段。
Mr.Wuisgettingold.Heisl_______theschoolsoon.Thes_______inhisclasshavegivenh______alotofp_______.Amongt______arecards,note-books,photosandbooks.Mostofthecardsarem______bythestudentsthemselves.Photoswillh_____Mr.Wurememberthehappyt_________whenhewaswithhisstudents.Nextweek,t________willhaveap_______tos______goodbyetohim.
分析：
通读短文以后发现Mr.Wu是一位老师。
从old可推断他不久要退休了,所以
“l____”应为谓语动词leaving;“s____”是第三句的主语,结合have判断为students;“h______”是give的宾语,判断为him;“p_____”的内容是cards,note-books…,所以判断为名词presents;“t_____”是介词among的宾语,应为them;“m____”处于bedoneby的结构中,应为过去分词made;“h_____”位于情态动词will之后,应为动词原形help;“t_____”是remember的宾语,并且受到happy的修饰应为time；“t_____”是主语,名词或代词teachers/they;“p____”是have的宾语,前面有冠词,所以是名词party；“s_____”前有to,分析成分为目的状语todo即tosay。
Step5：
熟能生巧阶段。
要做到举重若轻，必须在前四步的基础上作长期系统的训练，把上述知识演化为解题技能。
例如：
【2011上海】Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithsuitablewords.（在短文的空格内填入适当的次,使其内容通顺.每空格限填一词,首字母已给）
Atonetime,makingafilmwasanexpensiveactivityonlyforasmallgroupofpeopleandfilmcompanies.Notonlywerethetoolsandmachinesexpensivebutthecostoffilmwasalsofargreaterthanmostpeoplecouldafford.However,modemtechnologyhasc92allthat.
Newtechnologyhasreallyopeneduptheworldoffilm-makingforfilmfans.Nowacamera
doesnotcostm93andmostyoungpeoplearecertainlyabletopayforit.Soallyouneedistogetoneforyourself.Withthat,youmaythenstartyourownfilm-making.
However,film-makingist94work.Youprobablyneedmanyotherpeopletohelpyou.
Forexample,thep95ofactorsandactressesisveryimportantinyourfilm.Ofcourse,theseactorsandactressesmaybeyourschoolmates,friendsorfamilymembers.Youdon’tevenneedtopaythemacentwhiletheyaregladtobepartofyourjob.
B96,youneedtomakeupastory.Canyouwriteyourownone?
Ifyouhavegoodimagination,youcancreateanattractivestorye97.Manyworld-famousfilmmakersandproducersarealsogoodstory-writers.Ifnot,perhapsyouneedsomeoneelsetowriteitforyou.
Anexcellentstoryisthekeytomakingas98film.
实战练习
1
Sleepisnotthesameeverynight.Weexperiencesomedeepsleepandsomeactivesleep（积极睡眠）,whichiswhendreamshappen.Youmightthinksleepwalking（梦游）wouldhappeninactivesleep,butapersonisn'tphysicallyactived86activesleep.Sleepwalkingusuallyhappensinthefirstfewhoursofsleepinthestagecalledslow-wave（慢波）ordeepsleep.Notallsleepwalkersa87walk.Somesimplysituporstandinbedoractlikethey'reawakewhen,infact,they'reasleep!
Most,however,dogetupandmovearoundforafewsecondsorforaslongashalfanhour.
Sleepwalkers'e88areopen,buttheydon'tseethesamewaytheydowhenthey'reawakeandoftenthinkthey'reindifferentroomsofthehouseordifferentplacesaltogether.Sleepwalkerstend（往往会）togobacktobedontheirownandtheywon'tr89itinthemorning.Doctorssaysleepwalkingsometimesoccurswhenapersonissick,hasafever,isnotgettinge90sleep,orisstressed.Ifsleepwalkingoccursfrequently,everynightorso,it'sagoodideaforyourmomordadtotakeyoutoseeyourdoctor.Butoccasional（偶然的）sleepwalkinggenerallyisn'tsomethingtoworryabout,a91"itmaylookfunnyorevenscary（惊恐的）forthepeoplewhoseeasleepwalkerinaction.
It'simportant,ofcourse,thatthepersoniskeptsafe.Precautions（预防措施）shouldbet92sothepersonislesslikelytofalldown,runintosomething,orwalkoutthefrontdoorwhilesleepwalking.
2
Everyoneneedssleep.Infact,alllivingthingsneedsleep.Havingasoundandgoodrestm_____86_____ushealthy.Itisbelievedthatourbraindevelopsbestduringsleep.Ithelpsalloursystemsworkwellw_____87_____weareawake.Sleepallowsourbraintoreorganizealleventsduringthedayandwillimproveourmemorydevelopment.
Forastudent,eighttotenhoursofsleepisrequiredtogivehimorhere_____88_____forthefollowingday.Agoodsleepallowsthemtogrowphysicallyandmentally（心理上）.
Withe_____89_____sleepatnight,studentswouldbeabletowakeupearlyandbereadyforschoolactivities.Theywillbeabletolistencarefullyinclassandwouldhavetheabilitytomemorizethethingsthattheylearnandr_____90_____theminthefuture.
Eighthoursofsleepmakesstudentsactivet_____91_____thewholedayatschool.Theywouldbeabletoperformwellinclass,takedownnotesandfinishtheirhomework.Whentheyhavesleptwell,theycane_____92_____understandtheirlessons.Goodsleeppreparesthemwellforthechallenges（挑战）atschool,frompaperworktosports.Theywillbereadytosolvedifficulttasksthatrequirementalabilityandskills.
3
Anger（生气）isakindoffeeling.Manythingscanmakeyouangry.Whenyourteachergivesyoutoomuchhomework,whenyourteamlosesanimportantgame,whenyourfriendb__86__yourfavouritethingandthenbreaksit,youmaygetreallyangry.
Usually,yourbodywilltellyouwhenyouareangry.Forexample,youbreathemuchf__87__,yourfaceturnsredandyoumaywanttobreaksomethingorhitsomeone,butsometimes,youhideyouranger.Forexample,youmayhideitinyourh__88___.Theproblemisthatifyoudothis,youmaygetaheadacheoryourstomachmayhurt.
Infact,it'snotgoodtohideyouranger,andit'snormalforyoutogetangrysometimes.Butangermustbeletoutintherightway,withouthurtingo_89_oryourself.Letmegiveyousomeadvice.
Whenyougetangry,youcantalkaboutitwithotherpeople.It'shelpfultotalkaboutyourangerwithotherpeople,suchasp___90____,teachers,goodfriendsetc.Whenyoutalkaboutanger,thoseb___91___feelingscanstarttogoaway.Ontheotherhand,whenyoustarttofeelangry,youcandosomeotherthings:
countfrom1to100;goforabikeride;thinkabo
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